La recalificación arquitectónico-ambiental del centro histórico: Recuperación y resignificación de los “Sassi de Matera” The Architectonic-Environmental Requalification of the Historical Centre: Recovery and Resignification of the “Sassi of Matera”

Los Sassi de Matera se encuentran sobre una colina de piedra empinada, donde grupos de casas se asientan paralelamente sobre el terreno, de manera superpuesta, en círculos concéntricos. Conforman un enorme patrimonio arquitectónico que estuvo habitado hasta el año 1952 en condiciones prehistóricas, careciendo de servicios básicos de habitabilidad y urbanismo adaptados a la vida moderna. Durante cuarenta años de abandono, se han estudiado técnicas de restauración y conservación tradicionales para garantizar la adecuada recuperación del lugar. Se presentan dos intervenciones realizadas por los autores, tomadas como casos de estudio, sus problemáticas particulares, y las soluciones concretas dadas a cada uno. Matera ofrece un recorrido por la historia más antigua de la humanidad y sus tradiciones: su adecuada recalificación arquitectónica puede servir de modelo en un futuro para la conservación de los ecosistemas urbanos logrados gracias al correcto uso de los recursos hídricos, del sol y de la piedra disponibles en su momento

HERITAGE SAFEGUARDING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TIERRABOMBA ISLAND IN COLOMBIA LA PROTECCIÓN DEL PATRIMONIO PARA EL DESAROLLO SOSTENIBILE DE LA ISLA DE TIERRABOMBA EN COLOMBIA

This paper proposes a new synergistic development strategy that go beyond the traditional approach of heritage preservation and safeguarding. The static definition of heritage as a place or an artefact or as memory of past is here converted into a driven force for the sustainable development across all over its environmental, economic and social dimensions. This new approach is applied to the safeguarding of Tierrabomba Island located within the bay of Cartagena de Indias in Colombia by means the establishment of an archaeological, historical and cultural park. Tierrabomba Island is one of the richest areas in ruins and colonial buildings, with lots of archaeological, pre-Columbian, colonial and republican areas. Nowadays, the island is in a state of complete underdevelopment that not only prevents the wellbeing of population of about ten thousand inhabitants but also threatens to irreparably compromising its huge cultural and natural heritage. The chosen case study allows highlighting the significant contribution of heritage safeguarding to sustainable development

The rupestrian church of San Pietro da Morrone (Matera, Italy): insights and photogrammetric-based characterisation

Rupestrian cultural assets are remarkable examples of human occupation of the territory. As for any other cultural asset, the characterisation of rupestrian buildings is critical for their conservation and protection. However, there are a number of difficulties and challenges that are inherent in the physical singularities of these architectonic constructions, namely related to their geometrical irregularities. It is therefore important to use an appropriate approach to describe the geometry of these assets by overcoming some limitations that conventional measurement and surveying approaches have. The production of digital three-dimensional models is consequently a very useful and promising approach in this context. For most cultural assets and in particular geometrically complex objects, the approach is useful in reconstructing geometrical inner or exterior surfaces by means of photographic information. Photogrammetry is a technique used to acquire valuable and accurate three-dimensional information, which generates reliable models that also include integrated works, such as paintings or sculptures. The present work explores the suitability of this approach in the context of a remarkable case of rupestrian architecture, that of the church of San Pietro da Morrone. The building, located in the historical city of Matera (Italy), witnessed a series of transformations and varied uses, before it was abandoned in the middle of the 20th century. The experimental survey of this building provides a first insight into its geometry and a point of reference for discussing the implementation of a photogrammetric approach, its advantages, limitations and possibilities.I beni culturali rupestri sono esempi notevoli di occupazione umana del territorio. Come per ogni altro bene culturale, la caratterizzazione degli edifici rupestri è fondamentale per la loro conservazione e tutela. Tuttavia vi sono una serie di difficoltà e sfide che sono inerenti alle singolarità fisiche di queste costruzioni architettoniche, in particolare legate alle loro irregolarità geometriche. È quindi importante utilizzare un approccio specifico per descrivere la geometria di questi beni superando alcune limitazioni che hanno gli approcci convenzionali di misurazione e rilevamento. La produzione di modelli tridimensionali digitali è quindi un metodo molto utile e promettente in questo contesto. Per la maggior parte dei beni culturali e in particolare per gli oggetti geometricamente complessi, l’approccio è utile per ricostruire superfici geometriche interne o esterne per mezzo di informazioni fotografiche. La fotogrammetria è una tecnica utilizzata per acquisire informazioni tridimensionali preziose e accurate, che genera modelli affidabili che includono anche opere integrate, come dipinti o sculture. Il presente lavoro esplora l’adeguatezza di questo approccio nel contesto di un caso notevole di architettura rupestre, quello della chiesa di San Pietro da Morrone. L’edificio, situato nella storica città di Matera (Italia), ha subito una serie di trasformazioni e vari usi, prima di essere abbandonato a metà del XX secolo. Il rilievo sperimentale di questo edificio fornisce una prima visione della sua geometria e un punto di riferimento per discutere l’implementazione di un approccio fotogrammetrico, i suoi vantaggi, limiti e possibilità

The Identity Value of Vernacular Productive Architecture Knowledge, Recovery and Enhancement of the Val D’Agri Water Mills

The Industrial Heritage (I.H) is made of rests of the industrial culture with its historical, technological, social, architectural and scientific elements – parts of buildings, machinery, laboratories, firms, mines and locations where pro- cessing and refining procedures took place, warehouses and shops, energy produc- tion and transfer sites. Such electricity is used for transport and all its infrastructure as it occurs for places where social activities take place such as accomodation, training or religion worship facilities. The patrimonialisation process of the I.H. is essential as it recognises a com- munity heritage made of memories and identity. The research is based on the Italian productive and vernacular patrimony, especially in the south of Italy, by taking into consideration the proto-industrial period – from the second half of the17th century to the second half of the 19th century – and analyses the organisa- tion of the industrial system before the real industrialisation Era starting in the19th century. Italy is rich in working places, in fact, in southern Italy agribusiness has a great impact with its range of productive activities connected to agricultural products processing. Indeed, the milling vernacular industry represented an economical development source between the 17th and the first half of 20th century, this is the reason why there are lots of mills and bakeries for bread. The study deeply analyses the economic and social impact of water mills – vernacular and productive architectures of rural areas used to process wheat into flour. The “Val D’Agri” presents a large number of water mills and is located in the south-west part of Basilicata region. Its name comes from the river crossing the area. This analysis considers the functional recovery of watermills with a multidisciplinar criterion

LA RECALIFICACIÓN ARQUITECTÓNICO-AMBIENTAL DEL CENTRO HISTÓRICO: RECUPERACIÓN Y RESIGNIFICACIÓN DE LOS "SASSI DE MATERA"

La antigua y escondida ciudad de Matera ofrece a los visitantes una vista totalmente inesperada. Es una ciudad atemporal ubicada en una colina empinada, donde grupos de casas se ramifican en terreno llano moviéndose hacia abajo en círculos concéntricos formando así los "Sassi". Aquí existe un enorme patrimonio edilicio y arquitectónico, abandonado desde hace más de 40 años, que es hoy escenario de lentas y cuidadosas intervenciones para recuperar este monumento cultural bajo el patrocinio de la UNESCO. La restauración y recuperación que se lleve a cabo deberá aplicar las más estrictas leyes de conservación en cuanto a los materiales utilizados, las técnicas de conservación y los colores tradicionales para evitar un uso inadecuado. Matera nos ofrece un recorrido por la historia más antigua de la humanidad y sus tradiciones y puede servir de modelo para el futuro en la gestión de los ecosistemas urbanos realizada como resultado del correcto uso de los recursos hídricos, del sol y de la piedra. La iniciativa de convertir una zona de los Sassi de Matera en un centro de acogida turística pretende responder a las crecientes demandas sociales de un uso alternativo de la zona, de un nuevo concepto de turismo ecológico y cultural, de ocio y vacaciones

O Projeto ELARCH: interdisciplinaridade e estudos experimentais na área de Herança Cultural (ELARCH Project: interdisciplinarity and experimental studies in the field of cultural heritage)

Titled as "Euro-Latin America partnership in natural Risk mitigation and protection of the Cultural Heritage" and centered on the University of Basilicata in Italy, ELARCH program proposes operational and interdisciplinary studies, questioning the limits between the areas of research and its current academic production of knowledge. The research project is developed from a common theoretical basis and it is dialoguing by questioning current issues of maintenance, appropriation, protection and individuation of cultural and historical heritages. Such studies, ranging from engineering to architecture and history fields, are focused on issues related to the different cultural heritages of several countries, as well as on its value as a world cultural heritage or its political position inside of a “occidental memory”. The common goal of the ELARCH project is to propose a scientific cooperation between different research areas in the Protection field of Cultural Heritage, its analysis and risk mitigation. The works developed analyze heritage such as hydraulic resources, castles, churches, but also cultural productions and theoretical issues of national memory’s policy in different countries. The program is also dialoguing with UNESCO Chairs, for the extension of the project to non-university community and also for connection with different universities and researches

ELARCH Project: the use of innovative product based on nanotechnologies for the protection of architectural heritage

Most of the world's architectural heritage consists of constructions in stone materials. These materials conditioned to the architectural styles of the past and marked connotative characters of entire ancient cities. There is a huge variety of stone materials that have substantially different characteristics depending on the type of sourced rocks from which they are extracted. Limestone rocks of biochemical origin are widespread in all over the countries both of Latin America and Mediterranean area, where they are often known with the local denominations, such as calcarenites or tuffs of Matera, Lecce, Agrigento, Malta, etc. These materials are affected by synergistic chemical, physical and biological degradation phenomena caused by the complex interaction between the materials and the environment that surrounds them, i.e. exposure environment. The degradation of materials can compromise the structural behavior of the construction, increasing its seismic vulnerability. The preservation of the architectural heritage built with stone materials requires restoration works able to neutralize or, at least, to reduce the degradation phenomena of these extremely vulnerable materials. The choice of the consolidating and protective products plays a key role in the effectiveness of restorations: their wrong choice can determine the uselessness of restoration works, but it can also worsen the diseases of the stones and irreparably damage architectural heritage. However, the effectiveness of these products is highly dependent on the stone characteristics and on the many interactions that occur among the stone, the product and the exposure environment over the short and long time after the restoration treatment. This paper illustrates a multidisciplinary research activity on the use of innovative product based on lime and nanoparticles of graphene in restoration and seismic retrofit of masonry constructions in limestone materials. The use of graphene as nanotechnological component overcomes the drawbacks of traditional products based on lime, providing extraordinary physical properties (hardness, strength and flexibility) to the investigated product. This is translated to more durability, less maintenance costs of the repair and restoration works