Effects of social and environmental determinants on overweight and obesity among Brazilian schoolchildren from a developing region Efectos de los determinantes sociales y ambientales sobre la obesidad y el sobrepeso en escolares de una región en desarrollo del Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To identify the social and environmental determinants most strongly associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian schoolchildren from a developing region. METHODS: Data were collected from a community-based survey of schoolchildren from the Valley of Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample was composed of 5 100 school children aged 6-18 years. Overweight and obesity were defined by body mass index based on the current method recommended by the World Health Organization in 2007. Social and environmental determinants were collected by using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 11.1% and 2.7% in girls and 8.2% and 1.5% in boys, respectively. The chance of overweight was higher in schoolchildren who engaged in remunerated work (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30- 3.26), whose parents had higher education levels (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.12-2.07), who had two or fewer siblings (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.21-2.49), and who were in a high economic class (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.32-2.85). Schoolchildren who traveled by car to school (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.14-1.91), lived OBJETIVO: Identificar los determinantes sociales y ambientales más firmemente asociados con el sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños que asisten a la escuela en una región en desarrollo del Brasil. MÉTODOS: Se recopilaron los datos de una encuesta comunitaria llevada a cabo en niños inscritos en escuelas del valle de Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais (Brasil). La muestra estuvo integrada por 5 100 escolares de 6 a 18 años de edad. El sobrepeso y la obesidad se definieron según el índice de masa corporal, con base en el método actualmente recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2007). Los determinantes sociales y ambientales se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario estructurado. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia del sobrepeso y de la obesidad fue de 11,1% y 2,7% en niñas y de 8,2% y 1,5% en niños, respectivamente. Las probabilidades de tener sobrepeso fueron mayores en los escolares que desempeñaban un trabajo remunerado (razón de probabilidades [RP] = 2,19; intervalo de confianza [IC] de 95%, 1,30-3,26); en aquellos cuyos padres tenían niveles superiores de educación (RP = 1,52; IC de 95%, 1,12-2,07); en quienes tenían dos o menos hermanos (RP = 1,74; IC de 95%, 1,21-2,49); y en los de clase económica alta (RP = 1,93; IC de 95%, 1,32-2,85). Presentaron altas probabilidades de tener sobrepeso los niños que viajaban en automóvil a la escuela (RP = 1,50; IC de 95%, 1,14-1,91), los que vivían a < 5 km de la escuela (RP = 1,64; IC de 95%, 1,06-2,39) y los que consumían los alimentos que se venden en la cafetería de la escuela (RP = 1,56; IC de 95%, 1,19-2,16). CONCLUSIONES: Deben tenerse en cuenta las características de cada región particular de un país cuando se ejecutan medidas preventivas del sobrepeso y la obesidad, especialmente en las regiones muy pobres y en desarrollo, como el valle de Jequitinhonha en Brasil. Las medidas que se adopten deben considerar una intervención en varios niveles que incluya a la familia, la escuela y el entorno físico

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data