Influencia do Tempo de Alimentacao e de Niveis de Proteina em Frangos de Corte.

Foi realizado um experimento com frangos de corte, com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de diferentes niveis de proteina em tres horarios de alimentacao. Verificou-se o ganho de peso, (GP), consumo de racao (CR), conversao alimentar (CA), peso da carcaça (PC), rendimento de carcaaa (RC) e gordura abdominal (GA). Utilizaram-se racoes isocaloricas (3.100 kcal/EM) a base de milho e farelo de soja, com 23, 22, 21, 20 e 19% de proteina bruta (PB) no periodo de 1 a 28 dias; e 21, 20, 19, 18 e 17% de PB de 29 a 49 dias; as aves foram arracoadas da seguinte maneira: 20 minutos de alimento a vontade a cada intervalo de 1:30, 3:00 e 4:30 horas; uma racao-testemunha a vontade e tres repeticoes por tratamento. As analises estatisticas mostraram que houve diferenca significativa (P<0,05) entre horarios de alimentacao sobre o desempenho, para todas as variaveis, exceto RC e PC. Alimentacao a vontade apresentou melhor GP, porem pior CA. Nao houve efeito de interacao entre niveis de proteina e intervalo de horario de alimentacao.Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T12:14:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pab23jan92.pdf: 281376 bytes, checksum: 927eb528e48e8f6f0562dbedb37f793e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-08-22199

Utilizacao da Cevada em Dietas Suplementadas com Oleo de Soja para Suinos em Crescimento e Terminacao.

Objetivando verificar os valores de coeficiente de digestibilidade de proteina (CDP) e de energia digestivel (ED) de cevada e os efeitos da sua inclusao assim como a viabilidade economica de sua utilizacao em dietas isocaloricas para suinos em crescimento e terminacao, utilizaram-se 60 suinos mesticos, com peso vivo medio inicial de 22,90 kg, durante um periodo experimental de 90 dias. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos: 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80% de inclusao da cevada as dietas isoproteicas (substituicao ao milho e parte do farelo de soja) e com suplementacao de oleo de soja, com seis repeticoes. A unidade experimental foi representada pela baia (um macho e uma fêmea). No final do experimento, todos os animais foram abatidos e suas carcacas avaliadas. A cevada apresentou valores medios de CDP 85,64% e ED 3149 Kcal/kg. Os dados de desempenho e de carcaca foram estatisticamente semelhantes (P = 0,01), indicando, desta forma, que e possivel incluir em ate 80% de cevada (substituicao total do milho) em dietas com adicao de oleo de soja para suinos em crescimento e terminacao. A viabilidade economica da utilizacao da cevada em substituicao ao milho sera dependente dos precos entre os insumos milho, farelo de soja, oleo de soja e cevada praticados no mercado.Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T12:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pab12out92.pdf: 435039 bytes, checksum: 4dbf69b827f0e7f488b32eaf6674aec3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-09-14199

Electrochemical And Mechanical Properties Of Hydrogels Based On Conductive Poly(3,4-ethylene Dioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) And Paam

This paper reports on the effects of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/ poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) entangled in the polyacrylamide (PAAm) network by the formation of a semi-IPN on hydrogel performance. Hydrogel properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, water uptake, compressive load tests, ionic conductance and capacitance measurements. It has been found that the introduction of PEDOT/PSS leads to changes in the hydrogel morphology as compared to that of PAAm hydrogels. In addition, PAAm networks with good mechanical properties have been obtained. The presence of PEDOT/PSS increased the ionic conductance of swollen semi-IPN hydrogels substantially. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated that PAAm-PEDOT/PSS hydrogel is electrochemically stable and presents reversible responses to electrochemical stimuli. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.252158165Bell, C.L., Peppas, N.A., Biomedical membranes from hydrogels and interpolymer complexes (1995) Biopolymers II Advances in Polymer Science, 22, pp. 125-175Hoffman, A.S., Hydrogels for biomedical applications (2002) Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 54, pp. 3-12Buchholz, F.L., Graham, A.T., (1997) Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology, , Wiley-VCH New YorkWieczorek, W., Fldrjanczyk, Z., Stevens, J.R., Proton conducting polymer gels based on a polyacrylamide matrix (1995) Electrochimica Acta, 40, pp. 2327-2330Siddhanta, S.K., Gangopadhyay, R., Conducting polymer gel: Formation of a novel semi-IPN from polyaniline and crosslinked poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulphonicacid) (2005) Polymer, 46, pp. 2993-3000Micic, M., Zheng, Y., Moy, V., Zhang, X.-H., Andreopoulos, F.M., Leblanc, R.M., Comparative studies of surface topography and mechanical properties of a new, photo-switchable PEG-based hydrogel (2003) Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 27, pp. 147-158Badot, J.C., Baffier, N., Ionic-conductivity and dielectric-properties of vanadium pentoxide xerogels (1992) Journal of Materials Chemistry, 11, pp. 1167-1174Zhang, W.B., Lu, W.W., Li, X., Zhu, D., De Yao, K., Wang, Q., A rapid temperature responsive sol-gel reversible poly(N- isopropylacrylamide)-g-methylcellulose copolymer hydrogel (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 3005-3012Herber, S., Olthuis, W., Bergveld, P., A swelling hydrogel-based PCO2 sensor (2003) Sensors and Actuators B - Chemical, 91, pp. 378-382Hinkley, J.A., Morgret, L.D., Gehrke, S.H., Tensile properties of two responsive hydrogels (2004) Polymer, 45, pp. 8837-8843Muzzarelli, C., Tosi, G., Francescangeli, O., Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Alkaline chitosan solutions (2003) Carbohydrate Research, 338, pp. 2247-2255Elliott, J.E., MacDonald, M., Nie, J., Bowman, C.N., Structure and swelling of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels: Effect of pH, ionic strength, and dilution on the crosslinked polymer structure (2004) Polymer, 45, pp. 1503-1510Kim, S.J., Kim, H.I.I., Park, S.J., Kim, S.I., Shape change characteristics of polymer hydrogel based on polyacrylic acid/poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) in electric fields (2004) Sensors and Actuators A - Physica, 115, pp. 146-150Kostko, A.F., Chen, T., Payne, G.F., Anisimov, M.A., Dynamic light-scattering monitoring of a transient biopolymer gel (2003) Physica A - Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 323, pp. 124-138Akihiko, K., Hideki, F., Preparation of thermo-sensitive magnetic hydrogel microspheres and application to enzyme immobilization (1997) Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 84, pp. 337-341Zukowska, G., Williams, J., Stevens, J.R., Jeffrey, K.R., Lewera, A., Kulesza, P.J., The application of acrylic monomers with acidic groups to the synthesis of proton-conducting polymer gels (2004) Solid State Ionics, 167, pp. 123-130Kang, C., Shin, H., Zhang, Y., Heller, A., Deactivation of bilirubin oxidase by a product of the reaction of urate and O2 (2004) Bioelectrochemistry, 65, pp. 83-88Zhang, X.Z., Wu, D.Q., Chu, C.C., Synthesis, characterization and controlled drug release of thermosensitive IPN-PNIPAAm hydrogels (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 3793-3805Richter, A., Howitz, S., Kuckling, D., Arndt, K.F., Influence of volume phase transition phenomena on the behavior of hydrogel-based valves (2004) Sensors and Actuators B - Chemical, 99, pp. 451-458Roth, E.A., Xu, T., Das, M., Gregory, C., Hickman, J.J., Boland, T., Inkjet printing for high-throughput cell patterning (2004) Biomaterials, 25, pp. 3707-3715Muniz, E.C., Geuskens, G., Compressive elastic modulus of polyacrylamide hydrogels and semi-IPNs with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (2001) Macromolecules, 34, pp. 4480-4484Ferruzzi, G.G., Pan, N., Casey, W.H., Mechanical properties of gellan and polyacrylamide gels with implications for soil stabilization (2000) Soil Science, 165, pp. 778-792Gutowska, A., Bae, Y.H., Jacobs, H., Feijen, J., Kim, S.W., Thermosensitive interpenetrating polymer networks - Synthesis, characterization, and macromolecular release (1994) Macromolecules, 27, pp. 4167-4175Huglin, M.B., Rehab, M.M.A.M., Zakaria, M.B., Thermodynamic interactions in copolymeric hydrogels (1986) Macromolecules, 19, pp. 2986-2991Girotto, E.M., Santos, I.A., Medidas de resistividade elétrica DC em sólidos: Como efetuá-las corretamente (2002) Química Nova, 25, pp. 639-642Peppas, N.A., Bures, P., Leobandung, W., Ichikawa, H., Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations (2000) European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 50, pp. 27-46Callister, W.D., (1999) Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, , fifth ed. Wiley New Yor

Common variants in UMOD associate with urinary uromodulin levels: a meta-analysis.

Uromodulin is expressed exclusively in the thick ascending limb and is the most abundant protein excreted in normal urine. Variants in UMOD, which encodes uromodulin, are associated with renal function, and urinary uromodulin levels may be a biomarker for kidney disease. However, the genetic factors regulating uromodulin excretion are unknown. We conducted a meta-analysis of urinary uromodulin levels to identify associated common genetic variants in the general population. We included 10,884 individuals of European descent from three genetic isolates and three urban cohorts. Each study measured uromodulin indexed to creatinine and conducted linear regression analysis of approximately 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms using an additive model. We also tested whether variants in genes expressed in the thick ascending limb associate with uromodulin levels. rs12917707, located near UMOD and previously associated with renal function and CKD, had the strongest association with urinary uromodulin levels (P&lt;0.001). In all cohorts, carriers of a G allele of this variant had higher uromodulin levels than noncarriers did (geometric means 10.24, 14.05, and 17.67 μg/g creatinine for zero, one, or two copies of the G allele). rs12446492 in the adjacent gene PDILT (protein disulfide isomerase-like, testis expressed) also reached genome-wide significance (P&lt;0.001). Regarding genes expressed in the thick ascending limb, variants in KCNJ1, SORL1, and CAB39 associated with urinary uromodulin levels. These data indicate that common variants in the UMOD promoter region may influence urinary uromodulin levels. They also provide insights into uromodulin biology and the association of UMOD variants with renal function