Willingness to pay for livestock market services in Ethiopia

Poster prepared for a share fair, Addis Ababa, May 201

Smart marketing of small ruminants in Ethiopia

Poster prepared for a share fair, Addis Ababa, May 201

Forest Carbon Stocks in Woody Plants of Mount Zequalla Monastery and It’s Variation along Altitudinal Gradient: Implication of Managing Forests for Climate Change Mitigation

Carbon sequestration through forestry has the potential to play a significant role in ameliorating global environmental problems such as atmospheric accumulation of GHG's and climate change.The present study was undertaken to estimate forest carbon stock along altitudinal gradient in Mount Zequalla Monastery forest. Systematic sampling methods were used to collect data from seventy 10 m x 20 m rectangular plots. The area was dominated by Juniperusprocera tree species. The mean carbon stock per hectare was 237.2, 47.6, 6.5 and 57.6 ton for above ground biomass, below ground biomass, litter biomass and soil respectively. The mean total carbon stock in Mount Zequalla Forest was 348.8 t ha-1. The statistical analysis for carbon stock variation in the different carbon pools through altitudinal gradient showed a significant variation with exception for soil organic carbon stock. The amount of carbon stock in above and below ground biomass showed increasing pattern with increasing altitude whereas litter and soil organic carbon stocks showed decreasing pattern with increasing altitude.Overall this study points out Mount ZequallaMonastery forest has the potential to sequester plenty of CO2 with a considerable variation along altitude. Thus, it has paramount importance to give conservation priority to the forests to achieve climate change mitigation aspiration especially through forest carbon sequestration mechanism.Keywords: Carbon sequestration; Climate change; Altitudinal gradients; Mount Zequalla Monastery; Fores

NDM-557: COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF HILL EFFECTS ON TORNADO LIKE VORTEX

Tornado is a complex flow structure, where high swirling flow closer to the ground converges to the center and then moves upward. As a result, it creates a high suction pressure at the ground near the center of the tornado. The main objective of this study is to analyse the impact over flow structure and ground pressure by implementing topographical changes. For the present study a one-celled tornado replicating a real EF-2 scale has been chosen. Previous study suggests that suction ground pressure is highest at the tornado core center, also it changes more sharply near the core center. As a result, the authors decided to raise the surface in the form of a hill at the tornado core center. In this study, two different types of hill based on their slope are implemented for analysing the impact of two different types of topographical changes. It has obtained that as the slope becomes steeper the peak speed up value increases. Also, unlike the synoptic flow case, maximum speed up does not occur at the crest of the hill. Presence of the hill hardly has any impact on the overall pressure distribution at the ground

NDM-558: COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF TORNADIC LOAD ON A TALL BUILDING

Numerical simulations are carried out to analyse the impact of tornadic load on a tall building. For the present study a one-celled tornado replicating a real EF-2 scale has adopted. A standard tall building based on the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council (CAARC) is used. For detail analysis, the tornado is placed in three different locations with respect to the center of the building. These locations are at the tornado center, at the core radii and outside core radii. As the building has rectangular cross section (plan wise), two different orientation of the building with respect to the center of the buildings are considered. Irrespective of the orientation of the building, higher suction obtains when the center of the building coincides with the center of the tornado and it started to decrease as the tornado center moves away from the building center. This happens due to the ground pressure distribution which dominates the overall pressure distribution along the faces of the building. After comparing the pressure distribution on the roof it obtains that, suction is higher for short building than tall building

Profitability Study of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Production around Wendo Genet District, Ethiopia

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) belongs to the family Malvaceae, locally called “karkade”, is an important annual crop grown successfully in tropical and sub-tropical climates. It takes five months from planting to harvesting. This study aims to examine financial feasibility and to determine associated costs and benefits from the production of Hibiscus sabdariffa at Wondo Genet. Two varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa (WG-Hibiscus-Jamaican and WG-Hibiscus-Sudan) was planted on an area of 100m2 on experimental field with two replications using direct sawing on field and seedling preparation on nursery for determination of costs and returns. The spacing between plants and between rows was 60cm (60cm x60cm). Simple cost accounting method was employed to examine cost benefit of the plant. Net benefit and BCR of hibiscus production was used to determine profitability. The result shows that Production cost of Sudan type hibiscus is almost similar to Jamaican type except harvesting and post harvesting management cost difference caused due to yield difference. However the production of Sudan hibiscus is more profitable both by direct sawing and preparing seedlings on nursery; the study also revealed that producing both type of hibiscus for calyx by direct sawing is more profitable than using seedling preparation on nursery. Generally the study shows production of both type of Hibiscus sabdariffa at wondogenet is profitable

Effect of Grain Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Flour Substitutions with Flaxseed on Mineral Content, Antioxidant Activity, Phytic Acid Content and Microbial Quality of Injera

There is an increased global interest in the food industry to develop and market functional foods in which scientific investigations are limited in Ethiopia. Tef injera functional character can be further enhanced by substitution with flaxseed which is known to bear functional ingredients (α-linolenic acid an ω-3 fatty acid, secoisolariciresinol diglycoside lignans, dietary fibre and proteins). Two flaxseed forms (whole and flour) and three flaxseed substitution levels (3%, 6% and 9% flaxseed) arranged in a factorial experimental design in three replications were cofermented to find out whole or flour and at what substitution level injera with better nutrient and functional potential can be processed. Tef injera (100%) was used as a control. Tef injera substituted with flaxseed (whole and flour) at 3%, 6% and 9% showed a significant (P<0.05) effect on minerals (except P), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phytic acid and microbial quality of injera. With 9% flaxseed substitution FRAP, Zn and Ca contents  percentage increase were: 102, 110 and 16; whereas phytic acid and Fe decreased by 76 and 19, respectively from the control. Between 2 to 6 injera storage days, yeast-mould (2.27 to 3.93 log cfug-1) and total aerobic plate counts (ND to 3.77 log cfug-1) were lowest for 9% flaxseedsubstitution and highest for the control injera (2.85 to 4.08 log cfug-1 and 3.70 to 4.30 log cfug-1, respectively). Coliforms were not detected. Whole flaxseed substituted injera had high minerals, antioxidant and microbial stability than flour flaxseed substituted injera. Injera with high minerals (except iron) and antioxidant of improved microbial stability, low phytic acid contents can be processed by 9% flaxseed substitution