Microalgae Cultivation in Different pH, Temperature and Media for Lipid Production

Lipids produced by microalgal biomass can be grouped into nonpolar lipids and polar lipids, which can be easily converted into biofuels. Microalgal samples were collected from three different ponds of Bangalore and cultured in the laboratory to find the effect of different pH, temperature and media on the production of biomass and lipids. Among these, pH-9, temperature -25 ° C and Beneck’s media was most suitable for production of biomass (35.80 g/L) and lipids from the isolated microalgae Chlorella sp. compare to Chladospora sp. (13.33 g/L). Chlorella sp. Showed 0.32 (OD) at pH-9, 0.43 (OD) at temperature-25 ° C and 2.94 (OD) in Beneck’s media. Our result revealed that nutrient supply along with measured variables affects the production of biomass and lipids in different microalgae. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i2.10227 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.8(2): 2014; 13-1

Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Fungi

Biodiesel involves the mixture of fatty acyl methyl/ethyl esters, produced from transesterification neutral lipids and if the origin of the source is from oleaginous micro organisms, then it is termed as micro diesel. In the present work, aiming to exploit fungi for biodiesel production, 12 fungal isolates were screened for lipid content by Sudan Black B staining method. Among 12 isolates, lipid rich five species viz, Mortierella alpina , M.ramanianna, M.vinancea, M.hyalina and M.verticella have been taken for fatty acids analysis by spectrophotometry, which revealed that the amount of free fatty acids were ranged from highest in M.alpina 35 ?moles of Oleic acid , 25 ?moles of Palmitic acid and 14 ?moles of Myristic acids to lower as much as 21 ?moles of Oleic acid , 18 ?moles of Palmitic acid and 16 ?moles of Myristic acids respectively in M.ramanianna

5M: Multi-Instance Multi-Cluster based Weakly Supervised MIL Model for Multimedia Data Mining

The high pace rise in online as well as offline multimedia unannotated data and associated mining applications have demanded certain efficient mining algorithm. Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as one of the most effective solutions for huge unannotated data mining. Still, it requires enhancement in instance selection to enable optimal mining and classification of huge multimedia data. Considering critical multimedia mining applications, such as medical data processing or content based information retrieval, the instance verification can be of great significance to optimize MIL. With this motivation, in this paper, Multi-Instance, Multi-Cluster based MIL scheme (MIMC-MIL) has been proposed to perform efficient multimedia data mining and classification with huge unannotated data with different features. The proposed system employs softmax approximation techniques with a novel loss factor and inter-instance distance based weight estimation scheme for instance probability substantiation in bags

Segmentation and Feature Extraction of Tumors from Digital Mammograms

Mammography is one of the available techniques for the early detection of masses or abnormalities which is related to breast cancer. Breast Cancer is the uncontrolled of cells in the breast region, which may affect the other parts of the body. The most common abnormalities that might indicate breast cancer are masses and calcifications. Masses appear in a mammogram as fine, granular clusters and also masses will not have sharp boundaries, so often difficult to identify in a raw mammogram. Digital Mammography is one of the best available technologies currently being used for the early detection of breast cancer. Computer Aided Detection System has to be developed for the detection of masses and calcifications in Digital Mammogram, which acts as a secondary tool for the radiologists for diagnosing the breast cancer. In this paper, we have proposed a secondary tool for the radiologists that help them in the segmentation and feature extraction process. Keywords: Mammography, Breast Cancer, Masses, Calcification, Digital Mammography, Computer Aided Detection System, Segmentation, Feature Extractio

Strain Improvement of an Endophytic Fungal spp. for Biodiesel Production .

The Aspergillus niger JGK – 12 was subjected to mutation through physical and chemical methods (UV and EMS), and after treatment, the putative survived cultures were subjected to quantitative production of biomass and total lipid yield. Compared to control culture of Aspergillus niger JGK-12, UV treated mutant showed little enhancement in dry biomass content and total lipid production, whereas the EMS treated culture did not produce high biomass and lipid contents. The isolated lipids were then subjected to purification in which case, neutral lipids were found to be the major components accounting up to 85% of the total lipids, which infers that Aspergillus niger JGK – 12 could be a good microbial source for biodiesel production. The fractionated lipids were subjected to alkaline transesterification to produce biodiesel, which are mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters and the compositions were found to be similar to that of regular biodiesel from plant origin. The biodiesel were further analyzed by GC-MS, HPTLC, 1H NMR, C13 NMR and FTIR techniques to confirm their purity and quality. Hence, with all the research findings, it can be concluded that Aspergillus niger JGK – 12 can be treated as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production in the futur

Embedded Controller in Farmers Pump by Solar Energy

The primary aim of this project is to develop and atomize the solar farmers pump (water pump) considering the power supply, direct current (DC), Alternating current (AC), inverter frequency, a well, water level in the well, submersible monoblock pump. Here we introduce an advanced technique with GSM module. The solar pumps which work by utilizing the energy from the SOLAR ARRAYS and the power from the PV are stored in a battery. The power from the battery is inverted and given to the pump for irrigation. This pump is also controlled by the GSM module. The use of GSM mode is to start and stop working of pumps using mobile phone; the water level monitoring is also done by the GSM mode which this also provides the message for each hour. This is done with the embedded C in PIC16F877A microcontroller. The main advantage of this project is optimizing the power and also saving government’s free subsidiary electricity (22% of total power production in India). This proves an efficient and economy way of irrigation and this will automate the agriculture sector

Design and Implementation of Control Unit for Railways using Power Line Data Transmission

Our project is based on data transmission through power line. And this communication is implemented in railways by transmitting data through it. In this we are using power line communication module, which is defined as “carrying data on a conductor and also used for electric power transmission”. It act as both transceiver with secure and fast condition. The above concept is exiting concept, now a days which are used in home appliances. Now the proposed concept is implemented in railways, by sending a data from junction to engine driver or vice-versa. This process is done in a single line cable. The main advantage in it is data can be transmitted in fraction of seconds. In case of any emergency data can be transmitted and we can do the required process. Thus we discussed completely about the proposed concept in power line communication. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150315

Molecular Characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina, the Incitant of Coleus forskohlii Revealed by RAPD Markers

Coleus forskohlii belong to family lamiaceae is one of the commercial plants grown extensively in the country, the chemical found in the Coleus which has both medicinal application and gives great economy to the industrial organizations. Unfortunately, these plants are being highly succumbed to serious diseases like wilt and root rot caused by a fungus, hence the growers and industrialists are facing severe problem in safeguarding this crop in the field irrespective of the agro climatic conditions. Root rot disease, is one of the major diseases of Coleus forskohlii which, is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina , Pathogen variability was studied at both morphological and molecular level using cultural characteristics and Rapid Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis respectively. Totally thirty two isolates were isolated from roots of Coleus forskohlii . In RAPD 165 bands were obtained out of them 121 bands (73.3%) were polymorphic with a similarity coefficient of 0.48-0.66. Clusters analysis of RAPD data when Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) Tree constructed using NTSYS, it showed 6 groups. Among them two were major clusters and 4 were minor clusters with similarity coefficient 0.48-0.66. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested on Coleus forskohlii plants. Analysis of the pathogenicity tests results revealed that the isolates grouped under two major clusters which were different from the one obtained using RAPD data. The results indicate that the data from RAPD analysis and Pathogenicity tests do not correlate with each other

1-Benzhydryl-4-(4-chloro­phenyl­sulfonyl)piperazine

The title compound, C23H23ClN2O2S, was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of 1-benzhydrylpiperazine with 4-chloro­phenyl­sulfonyl chloride. The piperazine ring is in a chair conformation. The geometry around the S atom is that of a distorted tetra­hedron. There is a large range of bond angles around the piperazine N atoms. The dihedral angle between the least-squares plane (p1) defined by the four coplanar C atoms of the piperazine ring and the benzene ring is 81.6 (1)°. The dihedral angles between p1 and the phenyl rings are 76.2 (1) and 72.9 (2)°. The two phenyl rings make a dihedral angle of 65.9 (1)°. Intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present