Biosorption of Chromium (VI) Using Orange Peel

In this work sorption potential has been explored by using orange peel form the local market as a bio sorbent by the removal of the heavy metals mainly chromium (VI). Bio-sorbent was prepared following the standard physical and chemical operations. It was planned to find the effect of the contact time, temperature, solution pH, initial metal concentration on the kinetic isotherm. For the stock solution of Cr (VI) ion K2Cr2O7 is used. From the UV-Vis spectrophotometer the absorbance is measured and calibration curve is plotted and using that curve final concentration is determined. The experiment is performed at room temperature. The analysis part shows that the UV-Vis absorbance reading after the sorption is more than the calibration reading

Optimization of Energy Sharing in a Mixed-use Neighbourhood

Peak load shaving og energifleksibilitet i moderne nabolag kan redusere klimagassutslippene, nettkapasitet og energipris i stor grad. Likevel er det gjort lite forskning rundt optimalisering av peak load shaving og energifleksibilitet i urban planlegging. Denne masteroppgaven undersøker muligheter for energideling i et hypotetisk nabolag for å maksimere peak load shaving and minimere netto energiforbruk. Oppgaven viser en metodikk for å beregne og analysere energibehovet og produksjonen for hver time på årlig basis for forskjellige bygningstyper og bruttoarealer. Netto energiforbruk og peak load shaving er optimalisert, først individuelt, og deretter sammen via kvalitativ analyse av begge parameter. OEN bygningen i Ammerud, Oslo er brukt som case-studie. En sydvendt seksjon av bygningen ble forenklet til en polygonform og ble brukt for å simulere energibehovet av boliger, kontorer og butikklokaler bygningstyper. Masteroppgaven viser at både netto energiforbruk og peak load shaving er omvendt proporsjonal med areal av bygningstypen med laveste netto energiforbruk. Det betyr at nabolags netto energiforbruk reduseres med økning i arealet av bygningstypen med laveste netto energiforbruk, og nabolagsmulighet for peak load shaving øker med økning i arealet av bygningstypen med høyeste netto energiforbruk. Formålet med oppgaven var å minimere netto energiforbruk og maksimere peak load shaving samtidig. Det er observert at man må gå på kompromiss for å gjøre dette. Resultatet viser at et nabolag med 10% boliger, 40% kontorer, og 50% butikklokaler er det mest optimale. Metodikken foreslått i denne oppgaven kan bli brukt for å optimalisere områdefordelingen av forskjellige bygningstyper i nabolagsplaner for å redusere netto energiforbruk og øke peak load shaving.Peak load shaving and energy flexibility of modern neighbourhoods show a great potential to reduce GHG emissions, grid capacity, and energy prices. However, research on planning of urban neighbourhoods to optimize these criteria are very limited. This study investigates the energy sharing potential of a hypothetical neighbourhood to maximize the PLS and minimize the NEC, by proposing a methodology to calculate and analyse the hourly energy consumption and production of different building typologies with varying built-up area. The optimization of NEC and PLS are carried out individually through single parameter optimization and then a qualitative scale is used for multi-objective optimization of both, NEC and PLS with both given equal importance. A south-facing section of the OEN building proposed model is simplified into a polygon form and used as a base model to simulate residential, office and retail typologies. The study demonstrates that both, neighbourhood NEC and PLS potential are inversely proportional to the area of the typology with minimum NEC. That is, the NEC of neighbourhood decreases with increase in area of typology with minimum NEC, and PLS potential of neighbourhood increases with increase in area of typology with maximum NEC. As the goal of the study is to minimize the neighbourhood NEC and maximize the PLS, it is observed that a well-informed compromise has to be made. The multi-objective optimization results show that a neighbourhood with 10% residential, 40% office and 50% retail is the optimum compromise. The methodology proposed in the study can be used for planning phase of neighbourhoods to optimize the program area distribution in order to reduce NEC and increase the PLS of the neighbourhood

The Global Flood Partnership Conference 2016: Linking global flood information with local needs

The Global Flood Partnership is a multi-disciplinary group of scientists, operational agencies and flood risk managers focused on developing efficient and effective global flood tools that can address these challenges. Its aim is to establish a partnership for global flood forecasting, monitoring and impact assessment to strengthen preparedness and response and to reduce disaster losses. It is building an operational global flood observational and risk modelling infrastructure: for better predicting, monitoring and measuring large flood events and their impacts, worldwide. The objective of the 2016 conference was to review the advances and success stories of the Partnership, to assess the challenges and opportunities ahead, and to discuss steps needed to address user needs effectively. From 29 June – 1 July 2016, the 2016 Global Flood Partnership Conference was held at the Joint Research Center of the European Commission in Ispra, Italy. Fifty participants attended the conference coming from 15 different countries in 5 continents. They represented 38 institutions including international organisations, the private sector, national authorities, universities, governmental research agencies and non-profit organisations.JRC.E.1-Disaster Risk Managemen

Microstrip Filters: A Review of Different Filter Designs Used in Ultrawide Band Technology

In this study, optimization techniques applied in designing microstrip bandpass ultra-wideband (UWB) filters are presented. Optimization based on various defected ground structure techniques, resonator designs, and type of dielectric materials is discussed. Microstrip bandpass filters implemented at UWB frequency bands used in wireless communication systems have key features to control frequency response in passband and stopband. Optimization techniques are studied to attain optimum performance of bandpass microstrip filters to ensure minimum insertion loss, high selectivity, compactness, sharp transitions at cut-off frequencies, high return loss, and excellent linearity. Extensive study shows that proper selection of fabrication techniques and type of material optimizes the performance of microstrip filter design, thereby increasing its practicability for emerging wireless communication systems

PHARMACOKINETIC COMPARISON OF MONTELUKAST SODIUM FORMULATIONS AFTER A SINGLE ORAL DOSE IN HEALTHY GUINEA PIGS

Objective: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of montelukast sodium chronomodulated capsules (sustained-release solid dispersion of drug enclosed in pH-sensitive film-coated hard gelatin shell) and marketed tablets has been carried out in this study. Methods: A single oral dose of prepared capsules and marketed conventional tablets was administered in healthy male Dunkin-Hartley albino guinea pigs. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals and plasma concentration of drug was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Different pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed from plasma drug concentration-time profile by one-compartment model, first-order kinetics. Results: Pharmacokinetic parameters such as time to reach maximum concentration, elimination rate constant, elimination half-life, and mean residence time data indicates that drug release from chronomodulated capsules is significantly prolonged with initial release lag time of 3.5–4 h in comparison with marketed conventional tablets. However, maximum drug plasma concentration, area under the concentration-time curve, and apparent volume of distribution values show non-significant difference between capsules and marketed tablets. Conclusion: The findings specified that capsules were providing time controlled delivery of drug at a desired rate for prolonged time, which may be helpful for the prevention of episodic attack of asthma in early morning hours

Sectional and Ricci Curvature for Three-Dimensional Lie Groups

Formulas for the Riemann and Ricci curvature tensors of an invariant metric on a Lie group are determined. The results are applied to a systematic study of the curvature properties of invariant metrics on three-dimensional Lie groups. In each case the metric is reduced by using the automorphism group of the associated Lie algebra. In particular, the maximum and minimum values of the sectional curvature function are determined

Comparing prognostic value of lung ultrasound scores in predicting outcome of shock patients: an observational study

Background: Shock is a common causes of mortality in ICU. Several scoring systems have been developed to grade the severity of illness. These systems are moderately accurate in predicting survival. Several scoring systems like APACHE, SOFA,SAPS, MODS etc have been used to risk stratify patients in ICU. The lung ultrasound score (LUSS) has been regarded as semi quantitative score to measure lung aeration loss. LUSS can be compared to scoring systems like acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA). Methods: Our study was a prospective observational study. 100 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for shock were included. Their APACHE II scores at admission and 24 hours were calculated. Similarly, SOFA scores at 24 and 48 hours post admission were calculated. Lung ultrasound examination was done at four regions of chest and scores noted. All the three scores were statistically analyzed for length of hospital stay, ICU stay, ventilator days and the outcome. Results: Out of 100 cases satisfying the inclusion and exclusion, it was observed that high lung ultrasound scores were associated with increased mortality and number of days on mechanical ventilator. This association was statistically significant. Findings also correlated with high APACHE II and SOFA scores. All the above findings were statistically significant. Conclusions: High lung ultrasound scores at admission were directly related with mortality and increased number of days on mechanical ventilator

A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF RASA-VAHA SROTAS IN PANDU ROGA

This research work is survey study where female patients are randomly selected. The main objective of this research is to observe the Rasavaha Srotas Dusti symptoms as mentioned in Ayurveda as Rasavaha Srotas Vikara and related to Pandu Vikara as one of them using these as subjective criteria’s and to prove this clinically Sahli’s method is used in laboratory as reference. A study was done on 100 female volunteers of different age group to rule out the symptoms of Rasavaha Srotas as explained by the scholars. One cannot see blood getting destructed from naked eyes. It can be seen by signs and symptoms that feel by individual. It happens slowly over many years without our knowledge until pathology occurs. This is an attempt to provide Rasavaha Srotas Dusti Vikara as starting symptoms of Pandu as explained in Ayurveda using modern parameter to access anemia in starting stages. Anemia was seen maximum of 52 % were from the interval of 21-30 age group, and 22 % in age group 31-40 age group, 26 % fall in the age group of 41-50. This shows that incidence of the disease is more among in 21-30 age group