84 research outputs found
ResistĂȘncia bacteriana Ă s antibioticoterapias utilizadas na rotina mĂ©dica de pequenos animais â revisĂŁo bibliogrĂĄfica
TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Curitibanos. Medicina VeterinĂĄria.Os antibiĂłticos sĂŁo fĂĄrmacos de ampla utilização nos tratamentos clĂnicos humanos
e veterinĂĄrios. Seu uso indiscriminado Ă© um dos principais fatores que contribuem
para o desenvolvimento da âresistĂȘncia bacterianaâ. Este trabalho objetivou fazer
uma revisĂŁo de literatura sobre a resistĂȘncia bacteriana aos tratamentos mais
comumente utilizados na clĂnica de pequenos animais com o intuito de gerar reflexĂŁo
sobre as condutas e o papel do mĂ©dico veterinĂĄrio na eficiĂȘncia na promoção da
saĂșde. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados de Scielo, Pubmed, Scholar Google,
Scopus, Portal BVS e Researchgate. No campo de busca foram filtrados os artigos
que correspondiam Ă s palavras-chaves: âresistant bacteria in dogsâ, âresistant
bacteria in catsâ, âbacteria in companion animalsâ e âAntibiotic resistanceâ,
separadamente. Selecionando apenas pesquisas originais e revisÔes, com ensaios
que poderiam ser reproduzidos e que houvesse cultura e antibiograma em suas
metodologias. Dos 24 resultados encontrados, 75% (18/24) eram destinados a
sistemas especĂficos e 25% (6/24) eram relacionados com a casuĂstica clĂnica de
forma inespecĂfica, dentre os inespecĂficos todos abordavam infecçÔes do trato
urinårio e otites infecciosas, 83,3% (5/6) abordavam piodermatites e infecçÔes de
sĂtio cirĂșrgico e 66,6% (4/6) abordava infecçÔes oftĂĄlmicas. Dos trabalhos
relacionados aos sistemas especĂficos, 44,4% (8/18) eram relacionados a otopatias
infecciosas, 22,22% (4/18) dos trabalhos foram relacionados com piodermites, 11,1%
(2/18) dos estudos se referiam a infecçÔes oftĂĄlmicas e infecçÔes de sĂtio cirĂșrgico e
5,5%(1/18) eram referentes às infecçÔes do trato urinårio. A maior taxa de
resistĂȘncia foi aos medicamentos Beta-lactĂąmicos nĂŁo potencializados. Todos os
artigos avaliados mostraram multirresistĂȘncia de uma ou mais espĂ©cies de bactĂ©rias
isoladas. Foi observada grande variação dentre os agentes e resistĂȘncia a diversas
classes de antibiĂłticos, sendo necessĂĄrio sempre que possĂvel a realização de
cultura e antibiograma para garantir o tratamento mais assertivo e com menor
possibilidade de gerar complicaçÔes futuras ao paciente e Ă saĂșde pĂșblica.Antibiotics are widely used drugs in human and veterinary clinical treatments. Its
indiscriminate use is one of the main factors that contribute to the development of
âbacterial resistanceâ. This study aimed to review the literature on bacterial
resistance to treatments most commonly used in small animal clinics in order to
generate reflection on the conduct and role of the veterinarian in the efficiency of
health promotion. The databases of Scielo, Pubmed, Scholar Google, Scopus, Portal
BVS and Researchgate were used. In the search field, articles matching the
keywords were filtered: âresistant bacteria in dogsâ, âresistant bacteria in catsâ,
âbacteria in companion animals' ' and âAntibiotic resistanceâ, separately. Selecting
only original research and reviews, with trials that could be reproduced and that had
culture and antibiogram in their methodologies. Of the 24 results found, 75% (18/24)
were aimed at specific systems and 25% (6/24) were related to the clinical series in a
non-specific way, among the non-specific, all addressed urinary tract infections and
infectious otitis, 83, 3% (5/6) addressed pyodermatitis and surgical site infections and
66.6% (4/6) addressed ophthalmic infections. Of the studies related to specific
systems, 44.4% (8/18) were related to infectious otopathies, 22.22% (4/18) of the
studies were related to pyoderma, 11.1% (2/18) of the studies were referred to
ophthalmic infections and surgical site infections and 5.5% (1/18) referred to urinary
tract infections. The highest rate of resistance was to non-potentiated Beta-lactam
drugs. All articles evaluated showed multidrug resistance of one or more species of
bacteria isolated. Great variation was observed among the agents and resistance to
different classes of antibiotics, being necessary, whenever possible, to carry out a
culture and antibiogram to ensure the most assertive treatment and with less
possibility of generating future complications for the patient and public health
The Drosophila Citrate Lyase Is Required for Cell Division during Spermatogenesis
The Drosophila melanogaster DmATPCL gene encodes for the human ATP Citrate Lyase (ACL) ortholog, a metabolic enzyme that from citrate generates glucose-derived Acetyl-CoA, which fuels central biochemical reactions such as the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol and acetylcholine, and the acetylation of proteins and histones. We had previously reported that, although loss of Drosophila ATPCL reduced levels of Acetyl-CoA, unlike its human counterpart, it does not affect global histone acetylation and gene expression, suggesting that its role in histone acetylation is either partially redundant in Drosophila or compensated by alternative pathways. Here, we describe that depletion of DmATPCL affects spindle organization, cytokinesis, and fusome assembly during male meiosis, revealing an unanticipated role for DmATPCL during spermatogenesis. We also show that DmATPCL mutant meiotic phenotype is in part caused by a reduction of fatty acids, but not of triglycerides or cholesterol, indicating that DmATPCL-derived Acetyl-CoA is predominantly devoted to the biosynthesis of fatty acids during spermatogenesis. Collectively, our results unveil for the first time an involvement for DmATPCL in the regulation of meiotic cell division, which is likely conserved in human cells
Pleistocene magnetochronology of early hominin sites at Ceprano and Fontana Ranuccio, Italy
Paleomagnetic analyses were conducted on two cores drilled at Ceprano in central Italy where an incomplete hominin cranium was discovered in 1994, as well as on two additional cores from the nearby site of Fontana Ranuccio that yielded hominin remains associated with an Acheulean industry. No evidence for the 0.78 Ma BrunhesâMatuyama boundary was found at Ceprano down to 45 m below the level that yielded the hominin cranium. The Ceprano lithostratigraphy and the paleomagnetic age constraints are broadly consistent with the stratigraphy of the Liri lacustrine sequence of the Latina Valley, constrained by published KâAr ages between ~ 0.6 and ~ 0.35 Ma, and according to an age model with magnetic susceptibility supported by pollen facies data, suggest that the level that yielded the hominin cranium has an age of ~ 0.45 (+ 0.05, â 0.10) Ma. Evidence for the BrunhesâMatuyama boundary was found at Fontana Ranuccio about 40 m below the hominin level, consistent with a KâAr age of ~ 0.46 Ma reported for this level. Hence the Ceprano and Fontana Ranuccio hominin occurrences may be of very similar mid-Brunhes age
Pleistocene magnetochronology of early hominin sites at Ceprano and Fontana Ranuccio, Italy
Paleomagnetic analyses were conducted on two cores drilled at Ceprano in central Italy where an incomplete hominin cranium was discovered in 1994, as well as on two additional cores from the nearby site of Fontana Ranuccio that yielded hominin remains associated with an Acheulean industry. No evidence for the 0.78 Ma BrunhesâMatuyama boundary was found at Ceprano down to 45 m below the level that yielded the hominin cranium. The Ceprano lithostratigraphy and the paleomagnetic age constraints are broadly consistent with the stratigraphy of the Liri lacustrine sequence of the Latina Valley, constrained by published KâAr ages between ~ 0.6 and ~ 0.35 Ma, and according to an age model with magnetic susceptibility supported by pollen facies data, suggest that the level that yielded the hominin cranium has an age of ~ 0.45 (+ 0.05, â 0.10) Ma. Evidence for the BrunhesâMatuyama boundary was found at Fontana Ranuccio about 40 m below the hominin level, consistent with a KâAr age of ~ 0.46 Ma reported for this level. Hence the Ceprano and Fontana Ranuccio hominin occurrences may be of very similar mid-Brunhes age
3D Survey in Extreme Environment: The Case Study of LaetoliHominin Footprints in Tanzania
Many cultural assets are in risky situations and they are destined to disappear. Sometimes problems are caused bythe anthropic component (e.g. wars) or by natural disasters (e.g. earthquakes and landslides). At other times thecause of deterioration is due to the slow and inexorable action of atmospheric agents and other natural factorspresent in extreme areas, where preservation of Cultural Heritage is more complex.This contribution deals with 3D documentation of paleontological excavations in extreme contexts that arecharacterized by unfavorable climatic conditions, limited instrumentation and little time available. In particular, thecontribution is focused on the search for a good working procedure which, despite the problems mentioned above,can lead to valid results in terms of accuracy and precision, so that subsequent scientific studies are notcompromised. The proposed case study concerns the recent discovery of fossil footprints at the Site S in Laetoli,within the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (Tanzania), which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. With the newdiscovery of Site S it was necessary to implement a 3D survey operative protocol with limited equipment and in avery short time. The 3D models, obtained through the âStructure from Motionâ (SfM) technique and topographicsupport, were used to perform morphological and morphometric investigations on the new footprints. Through theanalysis it was possible to estimate height and weight of the footprint makers (hominins of the speciesAustralopithecus afarensis). The collected evidence supports marked intraspecific variation in this species, pointingout the occurrence of a considerable difference in size between sexes and suggesting inferences on reproductivebehavior and social structure of these ancient bipedal hominins.The contribution shows how important is to obtain good 3D documentation, even in extreme environment, in orderto reach reliable results for scientific analysis
Frozen in the Ashes
Fossil footprints are very useful palaeontological tools. Their features can help to identify their makers and also to infer biological as well as behavioural information. Nearly all the hominin tracks discovered so far are attributed to species of the genus Homo. The only exception is represented by the trackways found in the late 1970s at Laetoli, which are thought to have been made by three Australopithecus afarensis individuals about 3.66 million years ago. We have unearthed and described the footprints of two more individuals at Laetoli, who were moving on the same surface, in the same direction, and probably in the same timespan as the three found in the 1970s, apparently all belonging to a single herd of bipedal hominins walking from south to north. The estimated stature of one of the new individuals (about 1.65 m) exceeds those previously published for Au. afarensis. This evidence supports the existence of marked morphological variation within the species. Considering the bipedal footprints found at Laetoli as a whole, we can hypothesize that the tallest individual may have been the dominant male, the others smaller females and juveniles. Thus, considerable differences may have existed between sexes in these human ancestors, similar to modern gorillas
Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus
Cardio-vascular target organ damage predicts the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in hypertensive patients. Whether an increased incidence of DM is also in relation to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis is unknown
Virtual excavation and analysis of the early Neanderthal cranium from Altamura (Italy).
The online version contains supplementary material
available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04644-1.Complete Neanderthal skeletons are almost unique findings. A very well-preserved specimen of this kind was discovered in 1993 in the deepest recesses of a karstic system near the town of Altamura in Southern Italy. We present here a detailed description of the cranium, after we virtually extracted it from the surrounding stalagmites and stalactites. The morphology of the Altamura cranium fits within the Neanderthal variability, though it retains features occurring in more archaic European samples. Some of these features were never observed in Homo neanderthalensis, i.e. in fossil specimens dated between 300 and 40 ka. Considering the U-Th age we previously obtained (>130 ka), the morphology of Altamura suggests that the archaic traits it retains may have been originated by geographic isolation of the early Neanderthal populations from Southern Italy.Depto. de GeodinĂĄmica, EstratigrafĂa y PaleontologĂaFac. de Ciencias GeolĂłgicasTRUEItalian Ministry of Education, University and Researchpu
Determinants of improvement of left ventricular mechano-energetic efficiency in hypertensive patients
BackgroundArterial hypertension, especially when coexisting with other cardiovascular risk factors, could determine an imbalance between myocardial energetic demand and altered efficiency, leading to an early left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, even in terms of echo-derived mechano-energetic efficiency indexed for myocardial mass (MEEi). We aim to analyse an improvement in LV MEEi, if any, in a population of hypertensive patients with a long-term follow-up and to identify clinical, metabolic and therapeutic determinants of LV MEEi amelioration.Materials and methodsIn total, 7,052 hypertensive patients, followed-up for 5.3 ± 4.5 years, enrolled in the Campania Salute Network, underwent echocardiographic and clinical evaluation. LV MEEi was obtained as the ratio between stroke volume and heart rate and normalized per grams of LV mass and ÎMEEi was calculated as difference between follow-up and baseline MEEi. Patients in the highest ÎMEEi quartile (â„0.0454 mL/s/g) (group 1) were compared to the merged first, second and third quartiles (<0.0454 mL/s/g) (group 2). METS-IR (Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance), an established index of insulin sensitivity, was also derived.ResultsPatients with MEEi improvement experienced a lower rate of major cardiovascular events (p = 0.02). After excluding patients experiencing cardiovascular events, patients in group 1 were younger (p < 0.0001), less often diabetic (p = 0.001) and obese (p = 0.035). Group 1 experienced more frequently LV mass index reduction, lower occurrence of LV ejection fraction reduction, and had a better metabolic control in terms of mean METS-IR during the follow-up (all p < 0.0001). Beta-blockers were more often used in group 1 (p < 0.0001) than group 2. A logistic regression analysis showed that younger age, lower mean METS-IR values, more frequent LV mass index reduction and therapy with beta-blockers were significantly associated with LV MEEi improvement, independently of presence of diabetes and obesity.ConclusionMetabolic control and therapy with beta-blockers could act in a synergic way, determining an improvement in LV MEEi in hypertensive patients over time, possibly confining cardiac damage and hampering progression toward heart failure
Successful staged hip replacement in septic hip osteoarthritis in osteopetrosis: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Osteopetrosis is a rare, inherited, bone disorder, characterized by osteosclerosis, obliteration of the medullary cavity and calcified cartilage. The autosomal dominant form is compatible with a normal life span, although fractures often result from minimal trauma, due to the pathologic nature of bone. Osteomyelitis is common in patients with osteopetrosis because of a reduced resistance to infection, attributed to the lack of marrow vascularity and impairment of white cell function. Only one case of osteomyelitis of the proximal third of the femur has been previously reported, treated with several repeated debridements and finally with femoral head resection. Here we present for the first time a case of a staged implant of a cementless total hip prosthesis for the treatment of a septic hip in femoral neck nonunion in osteopetrosis.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 36-years-old woman, affected by autosomal dominant osteopetrosis was referred to our department because of a septic hip arthritis associated with femoral neck septic non-union, with draining fistulas. The infection occurred early after a plate osteosynthesis for a closed perthrocanteric fracture of the femur and persisted in spite of osteosynthesis removal, surgical debridement and external fixation. In our hospital the patient underwent accurate debridement, femoral head and greater trochanter resection, preparation of the diaphyseal intramedullary canal and implant of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer. The spacer was exchanged after one month, due to infection recurrence and four months later, a cementless total hip arthroplasty was implanted, with no clinical and laboratory signs of infection recurrence at two years follow-up.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In case of hip septic arthritis and proximal femur septic non-union, femoral head resection may not be the only option available and staged total hip arthroplasty can be considered.</p
- âŠ