Supercritical fluid and pressurized liquid extractions of phytonutrients from passion fruit by-products: economic evaluation of sequential multi-stage and single-stage processes

This work presents the economic evaluation of two processes to obtain: i) four extract fractions from passion fruit bagasse by sequential multi-stage process comprising three steps of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and one step of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE); ii) one extract from passion fruit rinds by single-stage PLE process. The economic simulation and sensitivity study were performed for plants containing two extraction vessels of 1, 5, 50 and 500 L. The scale-up led to a decrease in the cost of manufacturing (COM). COMs of extracts from sequential multi-stage and single-stage processes decreased from US$220.51/kg to US$ 26.33/kg and US$71.03/kg to US$ 11.96/kg, respectively, when the system capacity increased from 2 × 1 L to 2 × 500 L. Itemized costs related to materials, facilities, labor and utilities are also presented. Both processes are economically promising, especially when the extracts are produced in large scale and sold by the current market price1228898COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2952/20112014/00372-8; 2013/02203-6; 2015/11932-

Process Intensification For Producing Powdered Extracts Rich In Bioactive Compounds: An Economic Approach

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The hyphenated on-line association of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation was performed in sequential mode to obtain quercetin-rich powdered extracts from onion peels. The PLE performed at 40 degrees C and 12 MPa with ethanol and the SAS performed at 40 degrees C and 1 0 MPa with supercritical CO2 provided 4.1 +/- 0.6 g microparticles/100 g onion peels with 26 +/- 2 wt.% (mass basis) of quercetin, which the microparticles presented a mean particle diameter equal to 119 +/- 1 mu m. The proposed process was then evaluated in the economic aspect with the objective to show its feasibility in different scenarios. Among the 40 scenarios assessed, the more promising one in the techno-economic viewpoint is indicated in the larger plant capacity, with vessels of 500 L. For a productivity of 17.7 ton/year, the cost of manufacturing (COM) the microparticles was only US$ 63.98/kg. In such scenario, the return on investment, the payback time, and the gross margin were 120.8%, 0.8 years and 82.2%, respectively. The COM of powdered extracts is low because the acquisition cost of onion peels (food waste) is null. The main components that influence the COM are the fixed capital of investment (53-59%) and the cost of utilities (10-22%). The economic findings demonstrate that the process intensification (PLE + SAS) is a profitable alternative because the pressure energy applied in the extraction vessel can be used as useful energy for spraying and producing microparticles in the precipitation vessel. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.119261273CAPES (DEA/FEA/PROEX)CNPq [472023/2006-3, 800987/2016-0, 301301/2010-7]FAPESP [2012/10685-8, 2015/13299-0, 2014/15685-1]FIPE-UFSM [043038/2016, 042956/2016]PIBIC/CNPq [135839/2016-5]Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Replacing Modified Starch By Inulin As Prebiotic Encapsulant Matrix Of Lipophilic Bioactive Compounds

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The purpose of this work was to replace modified starch (SF) by inulin (IN), a prebiotic carbohydrate, during emulsification assisted by ultrasound. Oregano extract was encapsulated using five proportions of IN and SF as wall materials. The effect of such substitution on the microparticle characteristics was evaluated. Attempting to contribute with the increasing demand for prebiotic consumption, mixing one part of SF with three parts of IN (1:3, mass basis) yielded encapsulation efficiency equal to 66 +/- 1% and the largest thymol retention: 84 +/- 9%. Besides the entrapment of thymol, high amount of other compounds present in oregano extract could be entrapped in the polymeric matrix: 92 +/- 1%. Reduction of the micropartides sizes when increasing the proportion of inulin was also observed. Comprising such results and those presented for powder morphology, surface extract, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction and thermal stability, the proportion 1:3 (SF:3IN) is a favorable prebiotic encapsulant matrix for encapsulating oregano extract and retaining target bioactive compounds. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.852635CNPq [470916/2012-5, 140275/2014-2, 301301/2010-7]FAPESP [2012/10685-8, 2015/13299-0, 2014/15685-1, 2015/22226-6]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

New Proposal For Extracting Rosemary Compounds: Process Intensification And Economic Evaluation

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)This paper brings forward techno-economic results of a study developed with rosemary. Process intensification was applied for obtaining two fractions of bioactive compounds: one fraction rich in volatile oil and other fraction rich in non-volatile extract. Terpenoids as 1,8-cineole and camphor were obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE-CO2). Afterwards, phenolic compounds as rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid were obtained by pressurized water extraction (PWE). We performed SFE-CO2 and PWE in the same multipurpose equipment without unloading the bed. Extraction yields and composition of each extract fraction were evaluated. We obtained approximately 2.5 wt.% of a fraction rich in volatile oil at 40 degrees C, 30 MPa and solvent mass to feed mass (S/F) ratio of 2.5 g CO2/g rosemary. Likewise, weobtained approximately 18.6 wt.% of a fraction rich in non-volatile extract at continuous temperature increase of 1.1 degrees C/min (from 40 degrees C to 172 degrees C), 10 MPa and S/F ratio of 9.5 g water/g rosemary. We simulated costs of manufacturing of extracts obtained by SFE-CO2 in three productive plants containing 2 vessels of 10 L, 50 Land 100 L The influence of bed geometry was considered into the simulation model, whereas the bed height (HB) to bed diameter (D-B) ratios were: H-B1/D-B1 = 7.1 and H-B2/D-B2 = 2.7. We simulated the productivity of extracts and operating costs for an industrial plant containing 2 vessels of 100 L using the process intensification performed in this paper (SFE-CO2 + PWE). The proposal is promising and can encourage industrial application, because the higher use of the vegetal matrix for obtaining diversified bioactive compounds can reduce 28% of the annual production costs of SFE-CO2 + PWE processes whether comparing with SFE-CO2 process alone. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.77758771Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq [472023/2006-3, 301301/2010-7]FAPESP [2012/10685-8, 2011/23665-2

Supercritical fluid extraction assisted by cold pressing from clove buds : extraction performance, volatile oil composition, and economic evaluation

Supercritical fluid extraction assisted by cold pressing (SFEAP) is presented for obtaining volatile oil from clove buds at 150 bar, 40 degrees C, and using two torques (40 and 80 N.m). As the best condition, SFEAP with 40 N.m provided an oil yield of 22.19 g/100 g buds containing Eugenol (57.7 wt.%), Eugenyl Acetate (12.6 wt.%), beta-caryophyllene (8.3 wt.%), and alpha-humulene (0.9 wt.%). This paper also presented, for the first time, the economic evaluation of using SFEAP instead of SFE. In the economic approach, 24 scenarios were tested in the terms of cost of manufacturing (COM), which consisted of evaluating the scale of the plant, capital financing, purchasing cost of clove, solvent to feed mass ratio and the extraction techniques. The best scenario indicated a COM of only US$ 13.42/kg oil, whereas approximately 87% of the COM is dependent on the purchase cost of clove and other materials1443947CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL - FAPERGS302423/2015-02952/2011RT2015/13299-0não te

Synthesis of eugenyl acetate by enzymatic reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as reaction medium has gained attention in the production of terpenic esters catalyzed by lipases. Therefore, this work investigated the production of eugenyl acetate by esterification of eugenol and acetic anhydride in SC-CO2 using two commercial lipases (Lipozyme 435 and Novozym 435) as catalysts. The influence of enzyme concentration (1⿿10% weight/weight), substrates⿿ molar ratio (1:1 to 5:1), temperature (40⿿60 °C) and pressure of SC-CO2 (10⿿30 MPa) on the esterification rate (X; %) and specific productivity (SP; kg of product/kg of catalyst x hour) were evaluated. A home-made high-pressure stirred-batch reactor (100 ml) was used in the experiments. The use of Novozym 435 achieved higher conversion and specific productivity of eugenyl acetate than Lipozyme 435. An excess of acetic anhydride (5:1 M/M) and high enzyme concentration (10%) achieved higher esterification rates than the lowest conditions (1% and 1:1 M/M). The optimal temperatures and pressure for the synthesis of eugenyl acetate in SC-CO2 were 50 and 60 °C at 10 MPa, respectively. The phase behavior of the reaction system and the synthesis in organic medium were also studied. Kinetic experiments performed at 40, 50 and 60 °C indicated that the reaction follows the simple Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism and the affinity of acetic anhydride to enzyme was larger than that of eugenol11419CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP142373/2013-32952/20112013/02203-6; 2015/11932-7; 2009/54137-

Borra de Café como Biomassa para Produção Energética

Novel purposes have been emerged aiming to adopt alternative biomasses for energy generation. In this work, the utilization of spent coffee grounds (SCG) wastes, a domestic urban reject, is proposed for biofuels production and energy generation. A methodological route was designed and conducted. The moisture content in the coffee grounds varied from 69.02% to 74.68% (± 0.42%). Four different methods were compared for oil content extraction: supercritical CO2, Soxhlet, centrifugation with ethyl ether, and centrifugation with n-hexane. These methods permitted to obtain oil content (mass basis) from 6.67% (± 0.38%) to 23.85% (± 1.85%). The average proportion biodiesel/glycerine from the transesterification of spent coffee grounds oil was 73.2% / 26.8%. The by-product dry mass was submitted to a subcritical hydrolysis process, with different parameters, resulting in fermentable sugars, in concentration within 17 and 64 (grams of sugar / kilograms of spent coffee grounds). A thermoelectrical plant was designed based on bibliography data, resulting in the possibility of generation of 8.26 MW by a 2 kg/s dried coffee grounds mass flow in a boiler. Simultaneously, the energy balance of the main processes was made. The results confirm the possibility of energy generation from spent coffee grounds, introducing this biomass as a future alternative in the Brazilian energetic matrix.Em face da necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias para geração de energia, têm surgido propostas que visam a adoção de biomassas alternativas para tal finalidade. No presente trabalho, é proposta a utilização da borra de café, um rejeito urbano doméstico geralmente descartado, para produção de biocombustíveis e geração de energia. Uma rota metodológica foi criada e conduziu o andamento do trabalho. Os teores de umidade encontrados na borra de café variaram entre 69,02% a 74,68% (± 0,42%). Na extração de óleo, quatro diferentes métodos foram comparados: CO2 supercrítico, Soxhlet, centrifugação com éter etílico e centrifugação com hexano. Tais métodos permitiram obter teores mássicos de óleo entre 6,67% (± 0,38%) a 23,85% (± 1,85%). A proporção biodiesel/glicerina média resultante da transesterificação de óleo da borra foi de 73,2% / 26,8%. A massa seca residual foi submetida à hidrólise subcrítica, visando a obtenção de açúcares fermentescíveis, utilizando-se diferentes parâmetros, e obtendo-se valores de teor de açúcar entre 17 e 64 (g açúcar / kg borra). Uma usina termelétrica foi dimensionada, observando-se a possibilidade de geração de 8,26 MW a partir da queima de 2 kg/s de borra de café seca. Simultaneamente, foram feitos os balanços energéticos dos principais processos deste trabalho. Os resultados encontrados permitem confirmar a possibilidade de geração de energia a partir da borra de café, introduzindo esta biomassa como uma alternativa futura de implantação na matriz energética brasileira

Physicochemical, morphological, thermal and pasting properties of a novel native starch obtained from annatto seeds

This work presents physicochemical, morphological, thermal, and pasting properties of a novel native starch obtained from defatted and depigmented annatto seeds for applications in food-related areas. M the end of the annatto seed processing chain, a non-conventional white starch was obtained from defatted and totally depigmented seeds. After a comparison with a commercial corn starch, such novel product presented promising characteristics. The main attributes include a null content of pigment, an amylose content (24%) similar to corn starch, thin particles (D-43 of 0.8 mu m) of spherical-like shape, a typical crystalline A-type pattern with well-defined peaks at 2 theta of 14.5 degrees, 17.3 degrees, 17.8 degrees and 22.9 degrees, thermal stability, and low mass loss (< 10%) when heated up to 130 degrees C. The evaluation of pasting properties indicated a product with peak viscosity larger than corn starch, which is an important parameter for giving texture and body. Furthermore, the pasting temperature was 7.9 degrees C lower, enabling its use in preparations of sensible foods89321329CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL - FAPERGS302423/2015-0não tem2015/13299-0não te