L’E-learning et les nouvelles technologies de l'image dans les travaux pratiques d‘Histologie en Médecine vétérinaire : Impacts sur la motivation et la maîtrise de l'apprentissage.

Additional file 8: Table S2. Free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), total PSA (tPSA), free to total PSA (f/tPSA) and prostate cancer antigen3 (PCA3) median and IQR values for the four classifications utilized in the PCa study

Putative PLK2-substrate localization (A) and functional (B) analysis.

<p>Subcellular localization (A) and functional analysis (B) for each protein have been assigned using GeneCoDis3 webserver <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111018#pone.0111018-TabasMadrid1" target="_blank">[35]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111018#pone.0111018-NogalesCadenas1" target="_blank">[36]</a>.</p

List of phosphosites identified in this study as PLK2 substrates that are present in Phosphosite database.

<p>List of phosphosites identified in this study as PLK2 substrates that are present in Phosphosite database.</p

Workflow for PLK2 peptide substrate identification.

<p>Workflow for PLK2 peptide substrate identification.</p

In vitro phosphorylation of recombinant proteins by PLK2.

<p>A. Increasing amounts of recombinant GST-HDGF (lane 2, 50 ng; lane 3, 100 ng; lane 4 250 ng; lane 5 and 6, 500 ng) were incubated in radioactive mixture in presence (lanes 1–5) of absence (lane 6) of PLK2 recombinant kinase as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111018#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. B–D Increasing amounts of purified proteins (lane 2, 100 ng; lane 3, 250 ng; lane 4 and 5, 500 ng) were incubated in radioactive mixture in presence (lanes 1–4) of absence (lane 5) of PLK2 recombinant kinase as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111018#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. Samples were loaded on SDS-PAGE, stained with colloidal coomassie and ³³P incorporation was analyzed by PhopshorImager. A- Hepatoma-derived growth factor. B- Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (Dopa decarboxylase). C- Annexin A2. D- Prostaglandin E synthase 3 (PTGES3).</p

Two-sample logo analysis of phosphosites generated by individual kinases vs. random S/T proteome.

<p>PLK2 phosphopeptides identified in this paper (A) or <i>bona fide</i> CK2 (B), PLK1 (C), and CK1δ (D) substrates collected from PhosphositePlus database, have been analyzed as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0111018#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>.</p

Logarithmic distribution of quantification values.

<p>A. Distribution of Log2 ratios relative to all phosphopeptides identified in this study. B. Distribution of Log2 ratios relative to all non-phosphopeptides.</p

Hen egg white lysozyme is a hidden allergen in Italian commmercial ciders

none6noHen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) is an enzyme used in alcoholic fermentations for its ability to control the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and spoilage bacteria, without inhibiting yeast growth, and it allows reducing the use of sulphur dioxide. Nevertheless, considering the potential allergenicity of this protein, the presence of HEWL should be declared on the label of the final product. In this work, we analysed 18 commercial Italian ciders by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and found traces of HEWL in 12 samples without label declaration. We used western blot and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to verify the immunological activity of HEWL, and to quantify its content in the ciders. Two out of 18 samples resulted positive both to Immunoblot and ELISA. Our results indicate the requirement of a more stringent control of the commercial ciders and the need of label declaration for ciders treated with such compounds.mixedMainente, Federica; Pasini, Gabriella; Simonato, Barbara; Arrigoni, Giorgio; Franchin, Cinzia; Rizzi CorradoMainente, Federica; Pasini, Gabriella; Simonato, Barbara; Arrigoni, Giorgio; Franchin, Cinzia; Rizzi, Corrad

Calcium-Dependent Regulation of Genes for Plant Nodulation in Rhizobium leguminosarum Detected by iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomic Analysis

Rhizobia, the nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts of legumes, represent an agricultural application of primary relevance and a model of plant–microbe molecular dialogues. We recently described rhizobium proteome alterations induced by plant flavonoids using iTRAQ. Herein, we further extend that experimentation, proving that the transient elevation in cytosolic calcium is a key signaling event necessary for the expression of the nodulation (nod) genes. Ca²⁺ involvement in nodulation is a novel issue that we recently flagged with genetic and physiological approaches and that hereby we demonstrate also by proteomics. Exploiting the multiple combinations of 4-plex iTRAQ, we analyzed Rhizobium leguminosarum cultures grown with or without the <i>nod</i> gene-inducing plant flavonoid naringenin and in the presence or absence of the extracellular Ca²⁺ chelator EGTA. We quantified over a thousand proteins, 189 of which significantly altered upon naringenin and/or EGTA stimulation. The expression of NodA, highly induced by naringenin, is strongly reduced when calcium availability is limited by EGTA. This confirms, from a proteomic perspective, that a Ca²⁺ influx is a necessary early step in flavonoid-mediated legume nodulation by rhizobia. We also observed other proteins affected by the different treatments, whose identities and roles in nodulation and rhizobium physiology are likewise discussed

Electron Transfer through 3D Monolayers on Au₂₅ Clusters

The monolayer protecting small gold nanoparticles (monolayer-protected clusters, MPCs) is generally represented as the 3D equivalent of 2D self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on extended gold surfaces. However, despite the growing relevance of MPCs in important applied areas, such as catalysis and nanomedicine, our knowledge of the structure of 3D SAMs in solution is still extremely limited. We prepared a large series of monodisperse Au₂₅(SC_<i>n</i>H_2<i>n</i>+1)₁₈ clusters (<i>n</i> = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) and studied how electrons tunnel through these monolayers. Electron transfer results, nicely supported by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, IR absorption spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics results, show that there is a critical ligand length marking the transition between short ligands, which form a quite fluid monolayer structure, and longer alkyl chains, which self-organize into bundles. At variance with the truly protecting 2D SAMs, efficient electronic communication of the Au₂₅ core with the outer environment is thus possible even for long alkyl chains. These conclusions provide a different picture of how an ultrasmall gold core talks with the environment through/with its protecting but not-so-shielding monolayer