8,974 research outputs found
Double dot chain as a macroscopic quantum bit
We consider an array of N quantum dot pairs interacting via Coulomb
interaction between adjacent dots and hopping inside each pair. We show that at
the first order in the ratio of hopping and interaction amplitudes, the array
maps in an effective two level system with energy separation becoming
exponentially small in the macroscopic (large N) limit. Decoherence at zero
temperature is studied in the limit of weak coupling with phonons. In this case
the macroscopic limit is robust with respect to decoherence. Some possible
applications in quantum information processing are discussed.Comment: Phys. Rev. A (in press
Overweight and obese patients with nickel allergy have a worse metabolic profile compared to weight matched non-allergic individuals
A lack of balance between energy intake and expenditure due to overeating or reduced physical activity does not seem to explain entirely the obesity epidemic we are facing, and further factors are therefore being evaluated. Nickel (Ni) is a ubiquitous heavy metal implied in several health conditions. Regarding this, the European Food Safety Authority has recently released an alert on the possible deleterious effects of dietary Ni on human health given the current levels of Ni dietary intake in some countries. Pre-clinical studies have also suggested its role as an endocrine disruptor and have linked its exposure to energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis dysregulation. Ni allergy is common in the general population, but preliminary data suggest it being even more widespread among overweight patients.
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study has been to evaluate the presence of Ni allergy and its association with the metabolic and endocrine profile in overweight and obese individuals.
METHODS:
We have evaluated 1128 consecutive overweight and obese outpatients. 784 were suspected of being allergic to Ni and 666 were assessed for it. Presence of Ni allergy and correlation with body mass index (BMI), body composition, metabolic parameters and hormonal levels were evaluated.
RESULTS:
We report that Ni allergy is more frequent in presence of weight excess and is associated with worse metabolic parameters and impaired Growth Hormone secretion.
CONCLUSIONS:
We confirm that Ni allergy is more common in obese patients, and we report for the first time its association with worse metabolic parameters and impaired function of the GH-IGF1 axis in human subjects
A JKO splitting scheme for Kantorovich-Fisher-Rao gradient flows
In this article we set up a splitting variant of the JKO scheme in order to
handle gradient flows with respect to the Kantorovich-Fisher-Rao metric,
recently introduced and defined on the space of positive Radon measure with
varying masses. We perform successively a time step for the quadratic
Wasserstein/Monge-Kantorovich distance, and then for the Hellinger/Fisher-Rao
distance. Exploiting some inf-convolution structure of the metric we show
convergence of the whole process for the standard class of energy functionals
under suitable compactness assumptions, and investigate in details the case of
internal energies. The interest is double: On the one hand we prove existence
of weak solutions for a certain class of reaction-advection-diffusion
equations, and on the other hand this process is constructive and well adapted
to available numerical solvers.Comment: Final version, to appear in SIAM SIM
Local-spin-density functional for multideterminant density functional theory
Based on exact limits and quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain, at any
density and spin polarization, an accurate estimate for the energy of a
modified homogeneous electron gas where electrons repel each other only with a
long-range coulombic tail. This allows us to construct an analytic
local-spin-density exchange-correlation functional appropriate to new,
multideterminantal versions of the density functional theory, where quantum
chemistry and approximate exchange-correlation functionals are combined to
optimally describe both long- and short-range electron correlations.Comment: revised version, ti appear in PR
Entanglement dynamics in presence of diversity under decohering environments
We study the evolution of entanglement of a pair of coupled, non-resonant
harmonic oscillators in contact with an environment. For both the cases of a
common bath and of two separate baths for each of the oscillators, a full
master equation is provided without rotating wave approximation. This allows us
to characterize the entanglement dynamics as a function of the diversity
between the oscillators frequencies and their mutual coupling. Also the
correlation between the occupation numbers is considered to explore the degree
of quantumness of the system. The singular effect of the resonance condition
(identical oscillators) and its relationship with the possibility of preserving
asymptotic entanglement are discussed. The importance of the bath's memory
properties is investigated by comparing Markovian and non-Markovian evolutions
Genetic effects of static magnetic fields. Body size increase and lethal mutations induced in populations of Drosophila melanogaster after chronic exposure
Genetic effects of static magnetic fields. Body size increase and lethal mutations induced in populations of Drosophila melanogaster after chronic exposure
International audienc
Simulation of dust aerosol and its regional feedbacks over East Asia using a regional climate model
International audienceThe ICTP regional climate model (RegCM3) coupled with a desert dust model is used to simulate the radiative forcing and related climate effects of dust aerosols over East Asia. Two sets of experiments encompassing the main dust producing months, February to May, for 10 years (1997?2006) are conducted and inter-compared, one without (Exp. 1) and one with (Exp. 2) the radiative effects of dust aerosols. The simulation results are evaluated against ground station and satellite data. The model captures the basic observed climatology over the area of interest. The spatial and temporal variations of near surface concentration, mass load, and emission of dust aerosols from the main source regions are reproduced by model, with the main model deficiency being an overestimate of dust amount over the source regions and underestimate downwind of these source areas. Both the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative fluxes are decreased by dust and this causes a surface cooling locally up to ?1°C. The inclusion of dust radiative forcing leads to a reduction of dust emission in the East Asia source regions, which is mainly caused by an increase in local stability and a corresponding decrease in dust lifting. Our results indicate that dust effects should be included in the assessment of climate change over East Asia
Droplet minimizers for the Gates-Lebowitz-Penrose free energy functional
We study the structure of the constrained minimizers of the
Gates-Lebowitz-Penrose free-energy functional ,
non-local functional of a density field , , a
-dimensional torus of side length . At low temperatures, is not convex, and has two distinct global minimizers,
corresponding to two equilibrium states. Here we constrain the average density
L^{-d}\int_{{\cal T}_L}m(x)\dd x to be a fixed value between the
densities in the two equilibrium states, but close to the low density
equilibrium value. In this case, a "droplet" of the high density phase may or
may not form in a background of the low density phase, depending on the values
and . We determine the critical density for droplet formation, and the
nature of the droplet, as a function of and . The relation between the
free energy and the large deviations functional for a particle model with
long-range Kac potentials, proven in some cases, and expected to be true in
general, then provides information on the structure of typical microscopic
configurations of the Gibbs measure when the range of the Kac potential is
large enough
Ultrafast control of Rabi oscillations in a polariton condensate
We report the experimental observation and control of space and time-resolved
light-matter Rabi oscillations in a microcavity. Our setup precision and the
system coherence are so high that coherent control can be implemented with
amplification or switching off of the oscillations and even erasing of the
polariton density by optical pulses. The data is reproduced by a fundamental
quantum optical model with excellent accuracy, providing new insights on the
key components that rule the polariton dynamics.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, supplementary 7 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary
videos:
https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B0QCllnLqdyBNjlMLTdjZlNhbTQ&usp=sharin
- âŠ