PENGARUH POLIMER KITOSAN DAN POLIVINIL ALKOHOL TAUT SILANG NATRIUM TRIPOLI FOSFAT TERHADAP KARAKTER PENETRASI FILM NATRIUM DIKLOFENAK

Background: Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has anti-inflammatory and pain effects. Transdermal administration of diclofenac sodium can control the release of diclofenac sodium from its base, which is expected to avoid side effects in the stomach and first pass metabolism in the liver. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of chitosan polymers and polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked sodium tripoli phosphate on the penetration character of diclofenac sodium film. Method: Transdermal film is made by mixing chitosan solution and polyvinyl alcohol solution with the addition of glycerin and sodium diclofenac until the film is formed and then dried. Drop the sodium tripoli phosphate solution until a crosslink reaction occurs, then dried. Transdermal films were made in six formulas using chitosan (2%), polyvinyl alcohol (8%) with a ratio of 30:70 adding sodium tripolyphosphate solution at 10 minutes crosslink time (F1) and 20 minutes (F2), 50:50 crosslink time 10 minutes (F3) and 20 minutes (F4), 70:30 cross time 10 minutes (F5) and 20 minutes (F6). Evaluation of film character includes organoleptic observation, weight test, thickness, moisture content (%), interactions between ingredients, levels of active substances. Drug release was determined using Franz diffusion cells in phosphate buffer (pH7.4). All transdermal films meet the test requirements for uniformity in weight, thickness and moisture content. Penetration test in vitro film shows the formulation with 10 minutes crosslink time has cumulative percent and release flux is better than 20 minutes crosslink time. The release of dicofofen sodium transdermal film follows the release of a zero order erosion mechanism. FTIR examination showed no interaction between sodium diclofenac and excipients. Conclusion: Chitosan polymer, polyvinyl alcohol and sodium tripoli phosphate affect organoleptic properties and penetration through the skin. Transdermal film making with a 10 minute crosslink time results in a better release profile than a 20 minute crosslink time. Keywords: diclofenac sodium, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium tripoli phosphate, glycerin, release kinetics

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IN VITRO TRANSDERMAL PATCH DICLOFENAC SODIUM USING CHITOSAN POLYMER AND POLYVINYL ALCOHOL CROSS-LINKED TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE SODIUM

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate diclofenac sodium patches using chitosan (Ch) and polyvinyl (PVA) alcohol cross-linked tripolyphosphate sodium (TPP) to increased transdermal permeation of the drug from the matrix system across rabbit skin.Materials and Methods: The chemical characterization of diclofenac sodium was done by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Formulation of diclofenac sodium patches using solvent evaporation method with cross-link technique. Evaluation of physical character of the film includes organoleptic observation, weight test, thickness, % moisture absorption, fold resistance, interaction between materials used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and active substance levels. The drug release was determined using Franz diffusion cells in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4).Results: The result of physiochemical parameters of the transdermal patch were found satisfactory. Formula F1, F2, F3, and F4 produce patches with fine texture, F5 and F6 formulas produce patches with coarse texture. Formula F1, F2, F5, and F6 are flexible and fulfill the multiplier test requirements, while the F3 and F4 formulas are not flexible and do not meet the multiplier test requirements. The patch weight, thickness, and drug content were uniform. The release of patches with following the zero-order release. The optimal formula with the total sodium diclofenac released as much as 17.89 μg, the release flux of 89.42 μg/cm²/h of permeation time of 10 h and the moisture absorption rate of 1.07±0.193. The FTIR data of rabbit skin indicated Ch and PVA alcohol cross-linked TPP increase transdermal permeation of diclofenac sodium in the stratum corneum.Conclusion: The diclofenac sodium can be prepared by cross-linked method, resulted in a better discharge profile

FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM KOLAGEN TULANG IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) SEBAGAI ANTI-AGING

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish that has the highest production volume in Indonesia. Tilapia fish is exported in the form of fresh whole, frozen whole, fresh filet frozen filet. Collagen is one of the many protein derivatives found in bones. This study aims to determine whether tilapia bone collagen can be formulated in the form of a cream which in certain concentrations can provide an anti-aging effect and not irritate the skin. This study used an experimental method, using tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) bones as test material. The stages of this study included sampling, determination of animals, isolation of collagen from tilapia bones, testing the characteristics of collagen with infrared spectrophotometry, selecting the basic cream formula, determining the modified cream formula, making tilapia bone collagen cream with concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% and evaluation of cream preparations and anti-aging effectiveness tests using the Skin analyzer checker (aramo®) where the results were statistically tested using the ANOVA test with the SPSS 26 Free trial. The results showed that tilapia bone collagen (Oreochromis niloticus) can be formulated into cream preparations, is a homogeneous and stable preparation with an oil-in-water (O/A) emulsion type, with a pH range immediately after being made 6.1-6.5 and after cycling test 6.0-6.4. Tilapia fish bone collagen cream (Oreochromis niloticus) with a concentration of 3.5% (F4) showed the best anti-aging effectiveness in terms of providing moisture of 50.2%, included in the "moist" category with a percent recovery of 24.7%, more higher compared to the comparison cream which provides moisture of 47.0% including the "moisturizing" category with a recovery percentage of 16.14%, 21.5% reduction in pore size, 22.1% reduction in the number of blemishes and 22.2% reduction in the number of wrinkles . The results of the probability statistical test were smaller than (p<0.05) statistically showing a significant difference with the comparison cream. All preparations of tilapia bone collagen cream (Oreochromis niloticus) do not irritate the skin.Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan ikan air tawar yang memiliki volume produksi terbanyak di Indonesia. Ikan nila diekspor dalam bentuk utuh segar, utuh beku, filet segar filet beku. Kolagen merupakan salah satu turunan protein yang banyak terdapat pada tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kolagen tulang ikan nila dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk krim yang dalam konsentrasi tertentu mampu memberikan efek anti-aging dan tidak mengiritasi kulit. Penelitian ini memakai metode eksperimental, menggunakan bahan uji tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi pengambilan sampel, determinasi hewan, isolasi kolagen dari tulang ikan nila, uji karateristik kolagen dengan spektrofotometri inframerah, pemilihan formula dasar krim, penetapan formula modifikasi krim, pembuatan krim kolagen tulang ikan nila dengan konsentrasi 1%, 1,5%, 2,5% dan 3,5% dan evaluasi sediaan krim serta uji efektivitas anti-aging menggunakan alat Skin analyzer checker (aramo®) dimana hasilnya di uji secara statistik memakai uji ANOVA dengan SPSS 26 Free trial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolagen tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dapat di formulasikan kedalam sediaan krim, merupakan sediaan homogen dan stabil dengan tipe emulsi minyak dalam air (M/A), dengan rentang pH sesaat setelah dibuat 6,1-6,5 dan setelah cycling test 6,0-6,4. Sediaan krim kolagen tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan konsentrasi 3,5% (F4) menunjukkan efektivitas anti-aging yang paling baik dalam hal memberikan kelembaban sebesar 50,2% termasuk kategori “lembab” dengan persen pemulihan 24,7%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan krim pembanding yang memberikan kelembaban sebesar 47,0% termasuk kategori “lembab” dengan persen pemulihan 16,14%, pengecilan besar pori 21,5%, pengurangan jumlah noda 22,1% dan pengurangan jumlah keriput sebesar 22,2% . Hasil uji statistik probabilitas lebih kecil dari (p<0,05) secara statistik menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dengan krim pembanding. Seluruh sediaan krim kolagen tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) tidak mengiritasi kulit

FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM MENGGUNAKAN KOLAGEN TULANG AYAM BROILER (Gallus gallus domestica) SEBAGAI ANTI-AGING

Chicken bones are one type of solid waste that contains a source of protein in the form of collagen. Collagen is one of the main connective tissues of animal protein and is widely used as a biomedical material, and has anti-aging. Anti-aging in cream preparations can prevent aging of the skin. This study aims to determine whether broiler bone collagen can be formulated in cream preparations which at certain concentrations can provide anti-aging and do not irritate the skin. This research uses an experimental method, using broiler chicken bone test material. The stages of this research include isolation of collagen from broiler bones, characteristics of collagen with infrared spectrophotometry, manufacture of cream of broiler bone collagen with concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, 2.5% and 3.5% and evaluation of cream and testing the effectiveness of anti-aging agents. -aging using a skin analyzer (aramo) where the results are statistically tested using the ANOVA test with SPSS 26 free trial.  The results showed that broiler bone collagen can be formulated in cream anti-aging with an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion type. Statistical test results show the probability is less than 0.05. The formulation of broiler chicken bone collagen cream with a concentration of 3.5% showed the best anti-aging by increasing moisture by 25.2%, reducing pores 22.2%, reducing blemishes 22.9% and reducing wrinkles 22.3%. Keywords : Broiler chicken, bone, collagen, anti-aging, creamTulang ayam merupakan salah satu jenis limbah padat yang mengandung sumber protein berupa kolagen. Kolagen merupakan salah satu dari jaringan ikat utama protein hewani dan banyak digunakan sebagai bahan biomedis, dan memiliki efektivitas sebagai anti-aging. Anti-aging dalam sediaan krim mampu mencegah penuaan pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kolagen tulang ayam broiler dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim yang pada konsentrasi tertentu dapat memberikan efek anti-aging dan tidak mengiritasi kulit. Penelitian ini memakai metode eksperimental, menggunakan bahan uji tulang ayam broiler. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi isolasi kolagen dari tulang ayam broiler, karakteristik kolagen dengan spektrofotometri inframerah, pembuatan krim kolagen tulang ayam broiler dengan konsentrasi 1%, 1,5%, 2,5% dan 3,5% dan evaluasi sediaan krim serta uji efektivitas anti-aging menggunakan alat skin analyzer (aramo) dimana hasilnya diuji secara statistik memakai uji ANOVA dengan SPSS 26 free trial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolagen tulang ayam broiler dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan krim anti-aging dengan tipe emulsi minyak dalam air (M/A) hasil evaluasi sediaan merupakan sediaan yang homogen, stabil dan tidak mengiritasi kulit dengan rentang pH 6,1-6,4. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan probabilitas lebih kecil dari 0.05. Formulasi krim kolagen tulang ayam broiler dengan konsentrasi 3,5% menunjukkan efektivitas anti-aging yang terbaik dengan meningkatnya kelembaban 25,2%, mengurangi pori 22,2%, mengurangi noda 22,9% dan mengurangi keriput 22,3%. Kata Kunci : Ayam broiler, tulang, kolagen, anti-aging, kri

Uji Efektivitas Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Daun Saga (Abrus precatorius Linn) Untuk Pengobatan Luka Pada Kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Saga leaf (abrus precatorius Linn) contained flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids are able to provide an antibacterial effect. The purpose of the study was to made a balm extract from saga leaf (abrus precatorius Linn)and test the effectiveness of ointments against the treatment of wounds on rabbit skin. Proces of balm extract from saga leaf has qualified the standard and tested on rabbit with 5 treatment groups, is injuries without negative control, positive control, saga leaf ointment 10%, 20% and 30%. All the rabbit were sliced 1,5 cm long and given 0,2 mL of saga leaf extract ointment. The wounds were applied with ointment three times daily. Observations was conducted everyday for 8 days. The result shows differences that the saga leaf formulation meets the ointment test requirement according to farmakope Indonesia edition III, wounds were narrowed, scabs were formed and then wounds were closed.Daun saga (abrus precatorius Linn) memiliki kandungan flavonoid, tanin, triterpenoid yang mampu memberikan efek antibakteri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat salep dari ekstrak daun saga (abrus precatorius Linn) dan uji efektivitas sediaan salep terhadap pengobatan luka pada kulit kelinci. Pembuatan salep ekstrak daun saga yang telah memenuhi syarat dan diujikan pada hewan uji kelinci sebanyak 5 ekor dengan perlakuan, dasar salep berlemak (kontrol negatif), gentamicin salep (kontrol positif), ekstrak daun saga 10%, 20% dan 30%. Semua kelinci disayat sepanjang 1,5cm dan diberikan sediaan salep ekstrak daun saga sebanyak 0,2 mL. Luka diolesi tiga kali sehari dengan salep yang diuji.Pengamatan luka dilakukan setiap hari selama 8 hari.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formulasi salep ekstrak daun saga memenuhi persyaratan uji salep menurut Farmakope Indonesia edisi III.Luka sayat yang dioleskan salep ekstrak daun saga mengalami penyempitan luka, membentuk keropeng dan menutup luka mulai hari ke 3

Making Formulation of Tea Bags Combination of Kecibeling Leaves (Strobilanthes crispa (L.) Blume), Salam Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) and Meniran Herbs (Phyllanthus niruri L.) As Antioxidants

The more incessantly the motto "back to nature" various types of plants in Indonesia are used by the community as traditional medicine. Kecibeling plants, salam and meniran herbs are one of the traditional medicinal ingredients that are often used. The potential development of the combination of kecibeling leaves, bay leaves and meniran herbs was chosen as a tea bag preparation because it is simple, cheap, and practical. The purpose of this study was to formulate a combination of kecibeling leaves, salam and meniran herbs as an antioxidant. This research was conducted by collecting fresh leaves of the kecibeling plant, salam and meniran herbs from Pematangsiantar, then used as simplicia and then formulated in teabags with varying weights. Then the formula is tested for characteristics which include water content test, pH test of the preparation, organoleptic test including hedonic test and antioxidant activity test.The results of testing the water content in each formula are 3.72%; 5.07% and 6.81%. The results of the pH test of teabag preparations from each formula were 6.7-7.Based on the results of the Hedonic test, Formula II with a weight of 0.95g was preferred by the panelists, so it was continued to be tested for activity as an antioxidant. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that in Formula II (0.95 g) has antioxidant activity with the category "Medium"

Pengenalan dan Pencegahan Hipertensi Serta Pengecekan Tekanan Darah : Pengenalan dan Pencegahan Hipertensi Serta Pengecekan Tekanan Darah di Mesjid Al-Karim, Desa Sari Laba Jahe, Kecamatan Sibiru-Biru, Kabupaten Deli Serdang

Hipertensi merupakan kondisi medis dengan prevalensi tinggi, dimana merupakan  suatu sindrom atau kumpulan gejala kardiovaskuler yang progresif sebagai akibat dari kondisi lain yang kompleks dan saling berhubungan. Banyak masyarakat yang belum menyadari pemicu hipertensi adalah dari pola hidup sehari-hari yang salah. Maka perlu di berikan informasi dan edukasi sehingga masyarakat dapat mengenal dan mencegah penyakit hipertensi sejak dini. Sehingga prevalensi terhadap hipertensi akan menurun. Metode penyampaian informasi dan edukasi yang disampaikan yaitu dengan cara persentase. Hasil kegiatan ini meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap penyakit hipertens