Morfološki indikatori potkožne implantacije monofilamentne mrežice

Hernias are a significant, non-infectious animal condition. In productive animals, failure to provide surgical treatment leads to premature rejection and potential loss of their productive longevity. In small pets, this becomes a social problem for pet owners related to the keeping and death of affected animals. The aim of this study was to study the histological parameters of tissues during implantation of monofilament mesh in cattle for periods up to four months. The study was conducted on eight bulls of the Black Motley breed, divided into two groups of four animals. In the first group, four bulls received a subcutaneous implant of hernioplasty mesh made of polypropylene monofilament (Herniamesh S.R.I. Via CiRie 22 / A, San Maruro Torinese, Torino, Italy) in the area of the lateral soft abdominal wall on the right and left sides. In the second group, four bulls received implants in the middle third of the neck to the right and left sides. Thus, the subject of research was 16 wounds with implanted mesh. A sterile piece monofilament mesh, 1x2 cm in size and folded in half along the longitudinal side, was inserted vertically into the formed hypodermic pocket on the right side of the wound, in which it was possible to freely place the specified mesh. During the course of the study, Polycon No. 4 thread with intermittent knotted seams was used, and three sutures were applied. To ensure fixation of the mesh, it was stitched centrally. The material for histological studies was taken by biopsy at one, two, three and four months after implantation. Tissue was embedded in paraffin blocks, and sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson. The results indicated that after subcutaneous implantation of monofilament mesh in the neck and abdominal wall in cattle, wound healing occurs by primary intention. It was revealed that from the beginning of the histological study to one month, the monofilament mesh is first overgrown with loose connective tissue. By the end of the study, after four months, this is sequentially differentiated into dense connective tissue. No significant differences were observed between the abdominal wall and neck area as sites of implantation, and morphological processes in both sites proceeded in the same way. Thus, the conducted studies allow us to conclude that monofilament mesh is a suitable material for closing the hernial ring in cattle, where it is not possible to use their own tissues for these purposes.Hernije su često, nezarazno stanje životinja. U produktivnih životinja, ukoliko se ne pruži kirurško liječenje, dolazi do preranog odbacivanja ploda i potencijalnog gubitka njihove produktivne dugovječnosti. U malih kućnih ljubimaca ovo je postalo socijalni problem za vlasnike kućnih ljubimaca povezan s čuvanjem i smrću oboljelih životinja. Cilj ove studije bio je proučiti histološke parametre tkiva tijekom implantacije monofilamentne mrežice u goveda za razdoblja do četiri mjeseca. Studija je provedena na osam bikova Black Motley pasmine, podijeljenih u dvije skupine od po četiri životinje. U prvoj skupini, četiri su bika dobila potkožno implantiranu mrežicu za hernioplastiku izrađenu od polipropilenskog monofilamenta (Herniamesh S.R.I. Via CiRie 22/A, San Maruro Torinese, Torino, Italija) na području bočne meke abdominalne stijenke s desne i lijeve strane. U drugoj skupini, četiri su bika dobila implantate u srednjoj trećini vrata na desnoj i lijevoj strani. Time je predmet istraživanja bilo 16 rana s implantiranim mrežicama. Sterilni komad monofilamentne mrežice, 1 x 2 cm veličine i preklopljen na pola duž uzdužne strane, umetnut je okomito u formirani hipodermički džepić s desne strane rane, u koji je bilo moguće slobodno postaviti spomenutu mrežicu. U studiji je rabljena nit polikon br. 4 s isprekidanim čvornim šavovima te su primijenjena tri šava. Kako bi se osiguralo fiksiranje mrežice, ona je središnje zašivena. Materijal za histološke studije uzet je biopsijom jedan, dva, tri i četiri mjeseca nakon implantacije. Tkivo je uronjeno u parafinske blokove, a isječci tkiva obojeni su hematoksilin-eozinom i pikrofuksinom prema Van Giesonu. Rezultati su pokazali da nakon potkožne implantacije monofilamentne mrežice u vrat i abdominalnu stijenku goveda dolazi do liječenja rane prema primarnoj namjeri. Otkriveno je da je od početka histološke studije do kraja prvog mjeseca, monofilamentna mrežica prvo obrasla labavim veznim tkivom. Do kraja studije, nakon četiri mjeseca, to tkivo se sekvencijski diferenciralo u gusto vezno tkivo. Nisu zamijećene velike razlike između područja abdominalne stijenke i vrata u smislu mjesta implantacije, a morfološki procesi na oba mjesta odvijali su se jednako. Stoga nam provedena studija dopušta donijeti zaključak da je monofilamentna mrežica prikladan materijal za zatvaranje kilnog prstena u stoke, ako nije moguće, u tu svrhu, rabiti njihovo vlastito tkivo

Calculations of the rigidity and the strength of concrete filled steel deck diaphragms

Calculations of horizontal loads such as wind are required even for low-rise buildings. With stores number increasing their influence increases. The horizontal loads are perceived by the flooring discs. Steelreinforced concrete floors with profiled decking are most often used in steel frame buildings. Floor slabs and frame’s joint work is ensured by shear studs. The article discusses a shear studs’ stress determining method from horizontal load. There are different slab supporting variants: slap supported on two sides and along slab's perimeter. The goal was to determine shear stress in each flexible stop. The tasks were solved by calculating and by computing. Then the results were compared. Therefore, the resulting formula allows determining shear stresses not only in square slab but in rectangular ones too. Shear stress knowledge in the studs allows to determinate frames’ displacements by horizontal loads. Frame displaces relative to the floor slab due to studs shear and flexibility. The derived displacements determining formula takes into account shear deformations and anchor compliance in different directions. Herewithin the article, proposed displacements formula is not checked, but only the components determining a method is proposed

The first fossil Petaurista (Mammalia: Sciuridae) from the Russian Far East and its paleogeographic significance

For the first time in the south of the Russian Far East in the Late Pleistocene cave deposits, fragments of the giant flying squirrel of the genus Petaurista were discovered. Petaurista tetyukhensis n. sp. is described based on a fragment of the upper jaw with two teeth and five isolated teeth from two cave locations. The main differences between the new species and living forms as well as other fossil species of the genus Petaurista are the absence of vertical groove on the lingual wall between the protocone and hypocone on M2, the absence of the anterior cross loph on the upper P4-M3, and the absence of mesoconids on lower, as a result of which the hypoflexid is not w-shaped. It is suggested that the Sikhote-Alin refugium allowed individual species to survive there during long unfavourable period of time and was the centre of speciation. © 2020Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 18–04–00327National Science Foundation, NSF: 1417036This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 18–04–00327). Funding for radiocarbon dating of horse samples is provided by the NSF award № 1417036 to Dr. Beth Shapiro. We are thankful to Dr. Shapiro, Alisa Vershinina (UC Santa Cruz Paleogenomics Laboratory), John Southon and Chanda Bertrand (UC Irvine Keck CCAMS facility) for assistance with radiocarbon dating of these samples. We thank Prof. Hao-Wen Tong and an anonymous reviewer who offered constructive comments and helped to improve the manuscript considerably

Минералого-геохимические особенности пещерной фоссилизации ископаемых костей на примере пещеры Иманай (Южный Урал)

First time, the results of complex mineralogical and geochemical studies of fossil bone detritus of Pleistocene mammals from the Imanay Cave (South Urals) were obtained using optical and scanning electron microscopy, a statistical volumetric method for nanoporosity determination, thermal, X-ray structural and X-ray fluorescence analyzes, gas chromatography, IR, Raman and x-ray luminescent spectroscopy, ICP MS, and isotope mass spectrometry. The aim of the research was to obtain experimental data on the nature and degree of fossilization of bone remains in caves, and to assess the possibilities of paleoecological reconstructions from cave fossil bones. The data on the microstructure of bone remains, nanoporosity, chemical composition and concentration of trace elements, X-ray structural and thermal properties, isotopic composition of the mineral, and organic components in bones are discussed. According to the data obtained, fossilization of bone remains in caves is fundamentally different at all levels of structure and composition of fossil bones from those outside caves environments. In particular, cave bones are distinguished by intense epigenetic calcitization, 3—5 times higher CO2 content and abnormally high Ca/P atomic ratios, but they are many times inferior in terms of the content of illuminated mineral impurities, enrichment in microelements of the host geological environment, content of Corg and collagen. According to the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen in bioapatite, cave bone detritus is abnormally heavy, approaching the isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen in marine limestones. Some paleoecological reconstructions are presented and evidence of the habitation of the late Neanderthals in the Imanai cave is considered.Впервые получены результаты комплексных минералого-геохимических исследований ископаемых костей плейстоценовых млекопитающих из пещеры Иманай (Южный Урал) с использованием оптической и сканирующей электронной микроскопии, статистического объемометрического метода определения нанопористости, термического, рентгеноструктурного и рентгено-флюоресцентного анализов, газовой хроматографии, ИК, КР и РЛ спектроскопии, ИСП МС, изотопной масс-спектрометрии. Цель исследований – получение экспериментальных данных о характере и степени фоссилизации костных остатков в условиях пещер, оценка возможностей палеоэкологических реконструкций по пещерным ископаемым костям. Обсуждаются данные о микростроении костных останков, нанопористости, химическом составе и концентрации микроэлементов, рентгеноструктурных и термических свойствах, изотопном составе минеральной и органической компонент в костях. Согласно полученным данным, фоссилизация костных остатков в условиях пещер принципиально отличается на всех уровнях строения и состава ископаемых костей от таковой во внепещерных обстановках. В частности, пещерные кости отличаются интенсивной эпигенетической кальцитизацией, в 3–5 раз большим содержанием СО2 и аномально высокими значениями атомного отношения Ca/P, но многократно уступают по содержанию иллювиированных минеральных загрязнений, обогащению микроэлементами вмещающей геологической среды, содержанию Сорг и коллагена. По изотопному составу углерода и кислорода в биоапатите пещерный костный детрит является аномально тяжелым, сближаясь с изотопным составом углерода и кислорода в морских известняках. Приведены некоторые палеоэкологические реконструкции, включая диету пещерных животных, рассмотрены доказательства обитания в пещере Иманай поздних неандертальцев

Граф цитирований как инструмент методологии исследования научной литературы по онтологии бизнес-процессов предприятия

The digitalization of enterprise’s business processes is an integral part of the modern competitive policy of a commercial organization. The use of the results of qualitative and quantitative analyzes of existing scientific approaches in the field of identifying and developing ontologies that mediate the production of goods / services can positively affect the adoption of strategic decisions due to the reduction of time for review and research of the same ideas and methods. The article is devoted to the use of graph theory elements for the analysis of many conceptual schools and approaches to the ontology of business processes. The authors analyzed 216 scientific sources on this topic. As a result of the study, a citation graph was constructed that systematized the authors of the study area selected according to the methodology described above. This tool of the analysis methodology can be scaled and used by interested parties for a better analysis of the literature on the ontology of enterprise business processes.Цифровизация бизнес-процессов предприятия является неотъемлемой частью современной конкурентоспособной политики коммерческой организации. Использование результатов качественного и количественного анализов существующих научных подходов в области определения и развития онтологий, опосредующих производство товаров/услуг, может положительно отразиться на принятии стратегических решений ввиду сокращения времени на обзор и исследование однотипных идей и методов. Статья посвящена использованию элементов теории графов для анализа множества концептуальных школ и подходов к онтологии бизнес-процессов. Авторами было проанализировано 216 научных источников по данной тематике. В результате исследования был построен граф цитирований, систематизирующий отобранные по описанной выше методологии работы авторов изучаемой сферы. Данный инструмент методологии анализа может быть масштабирован и использован заинтересованными лицами для более качественного анализа литературы по онтологии бизнес-процессов предприятия