6,421 research outputs found
Non-perturbative Renormalization of the Complete Basis of Four-fermion Operators and B-parameters
We present results on the B-parameters , and , at
, with the tree-level Clover action. The renormalization of the
complete basis of dimension-six four-fermion operators has been performed
non-perturbatively. Our results for and are in reasonable
agreement with those obtained with the (unimproved) Wilson action. This is not
the case for . We also discuss some subtleties arising from a
recently proposed modified definition of the B-parameters.Comment: Talk presented at Lattice '97, Edinburgh (UK), July 1997. LaTeX 3
pages, uses espcrc
Delta M_K and epsilon_K in SUSY at the Next-to-Leading order
We perform a Next-to-Leading order analysis of Delta S=2 processes beyond the
Standard Model. Combining the recently computed NLO anomalous dimensions and
the B parameters of the most general Delta S=2 effective Hamiltonian, we give
an analytic formula for Delta M_K and epsilon_K in terms of the Wilson
coefficients at the high energy scale. This expression can be used for any
extension of the Standard Model with new heavy particles. Using this result, we
consider gluino-mediated contributions to Delta S=2 transitions in general SUSY
models and provide an improved analysis of the constraints on off-diagonal mass
terms between the first two generations of down-type squarks. Finally, we
improve the constraints on R-violating couplings from Delta M_K and epsilon_K.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure, uses JHEP.cls; the magic numbers in eq. (2.7),
previously given in the basis (13) of hep-ph/9711402, are now given in the
basis (2.3) of this work. All numerical results are unchange
Lattice B-parameters for and Operators
We compute several matrix elements of dimension-six four-fermion operators
and extract their B-parameters. The calculations have been performed with the
tree-level Clover action at . The renormalization constants and
mixing coefficients of the lattice operators have been obtained
non-perturbatively. In the \MSbar renormalization scheme, at a
renormalization scale GeV, we find and . The result for has
important implications for the calculation of .Comment: LaTeX, 14 pages, revised version (sign misprint in eq. (21)
corrected
FLUKA Simulations of Pion Decay Gamma-radiation from Energetic Flare Ions
Gamma-ray continuum at > 10 MeV photon energy yields information on > 0.2 -
0.3 GeV/nucleon ions at the Sun. We use the general-purpose Monte Carlo code
FLUKA (FLUktuierende KAskade) to model the transport of ions injected into
thick and thin target sources, the nuclear processes that give rise to pions
and other secondaries and the escape of the resulting photons from the
atmosphere. We give examples of photon spectra calculated with a range of
different assumptions about the primary ion velocity distribution and the
source region. We show that FLUKA gives results for pion decay photon
emissivity in agreement with previous treatments. Through the directionality of
secondary products, as well as Compton scattering and pair production of
photons prior to escaping the Sun, the predicted spectrum depends significantly
on the viewing angle. Details of the photon spectrum in the 100 MeV range may
constrain the angular distribution of primary ions and the depths at which they
interact. We display a set of thick-target spectra produced making various
assumptions about the incident ion energy and angular distribution and the
viewing angle. If ions are very strongly beamed downward, or ion energies do
not extend much above 1 GeV/nucleon, the photon spectrum is highly insensitive
to details of the ion distribution. Under the simplest assumptions, flares
observed near disc centre should not display significant radiation above 1 GeV
photon energy. We give an example application to Fermi Large Area Telescope
data from the flare of 12 June 2010.Comment: 25 pages, 13 figures, to be published in Solar Physic
Association of radio polar cap brightening with bright patches and coronal holes
Radio-bright regions near the solar poles are frequently observed in Nobeyama
Radioheliograph (NoRH) maps at 17 GHz, and often in association with coronal
holes. However, the origin of these polar brightening has not been established
yet. We propose that small magnetic loops are the source of these bright
patches, and present modeling results that reproduce the main observational
characteristics of the polar brightening within coronal holes at 17 GHz. The
simulations were carried out by calculating the radio emission of the small
loops, with several temperature and density profiles, within a 2D coronal hole
atmospheric model. If located at high latitudes, the size of the simulated
bright patches are much smaller than the beam size and they present the
instrument beam size when observed. The larger bright patches can be generated
by a great number of small magnetic loops unresolved by the NoRH beam. Loop
models that reproduce bright patches contain denser and hotter plasma near the
upper chromosphere and lower corona. On the other hand, loops with increased
plasma density and temperature only in the corona do not contribute to the
emission at 17 GHz. This could explain the absence of a one-to-one association
between the 17 GHz bright patches and those observed in extreme ultraviolet.
Moreover, the emission arising from small magnetic loops located close to the
limb may merge with the usual limb brightening profile, increasing its
brightness temperature and width.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
The Mass of the Convective Zone in FGK Main Sequence Stars and the Effect of Accreted Planetary Material on Apparent Metallicity Determinations
The mass of the outer convective zone in FGK main sequence stars decreases
dramatically with stellar mass. Therefore, any contamination of a star's
atmosphere by accreted planetary material should affect hotter stars much more
than cool stars. If recent suggestions that high metal abundances in stars with
planets are caused by planetesimal accretion are correct, then metallicity
enhancements in earlier-type stars with planets should be very pronounced. No
such trend is seen, however.Comment: Submitted ApJ Letters March 26th; accepted April 30th. 12 pages, 2
figure
Land degradation and mitigation policies in the mediterranean region. A brief commentary
Land degradation is more evident where conditions of environmental vulnerability already exist because of arid climate and unsustainable forms of land exploitation. Consequently, semi-arid and dry areas have been identified as vulnerable land, requiring attention from both science and policy perspectives. In some regions, such as the Mediterranean region, land degradation is particularly intense, although there are no extreme ecological conditions. In these contexts, a wide range of formal and informal responses is necessary to face particularly complex and spatially differentiated territorial processes. However, the fit of responses has been demonstrated to be different over time and space according to the underlying socioeconomic context and the specific ecological conditions. The present commentary discusses this sort of \u201centropy\u201d in the policy response to land degradation in Southern Europe, outlining the intrinsic complexity of human\u2013nature dynamics at the base of such processes. Reflecting the need of differentiated regional strategies and more specific national measures to combat desertification, three policy frameworks (agro-environmental, economic, social) with an indirect impact on fighting land degradation have been considered, delineating the importance of policy assemblages. Finally, the importance of policy impact assessment methodologies was highlighted, focusing on the possible responses reinforcing a continental strategy against land degradation. By evidencing the role of participatory planning, developmental policies indirectly addressing land degradation reveal to be an important vector of more specific measures abating desertification risk, creating, in turn, a favorable context for direct interventions of mitigation or adaptation to climate change
B-physics computations from Nf=2 tmQCD
We present an accurate lattice QCD computation of the b-quark mass, the B and
Bs decay constants, the B-mixing bag-parameters for the full four-fermion
operator basis, as well as estimates for \xi and f_{Bq}\sqrt{B_q} extrapolated
to the continuum limit and the physical pion mass. We have used Nf = 2
dynamical quark gauge configurations at four values of the lattice spacing
generated by ETMC. Extrapolation in the heavy quark mass from the charm to the
bottom quark region has been carried out using ratios of physical quantities
computed at nearby quark masses, having an exactly known infinite mass limit.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, presented at the 31st International Symposium on
Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2013), 29 July - 3 August 2013, Mainz, German
Precision scans of the pixel cell response of double sided 3D pixel detectors to pion and x-ray beams
hree-dimensional (3D) silicon sensors offer potential advantages over standard planar sensors for radiation hardness in future high energy physics experiments and reduced charge-sharing for X-ray applications, but may introduce inefficiencies due to the columnar electrodes. These inefficiencies are probed by studying variations in response across a unit pixel cell in a 55μm pitch double-sided 3D pixel sensor bump bonded to TimePix and Medipix2 readout ASICs. Two complementary characterisation techniques are discussed: the first uses a custom built telescope and a 120GeV pion beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN; the second employs a novel technique to illuminate the sensor with a micro-focused synchrotron X-ray beam at the Diamond Light Source, UK. For a pion beam incident perpendicular to the sensor plane an overall pixel efficiency of 93.0±0.5% is measured. After a 10o rotation of the device the effect of the columnar region becomes negligible and the overall efficiency rises to 99.8±0.5%. The double-sided 3D sensor shows significantly reduced charge sharing to neighbouring pixels compared to the planar device. The charge sharing results obtained from the X-ray beam study of the 3D sensor are shown to agree with a simple simulation in which charge diffusion is neglected. The devices tested are found to be compatible with having a region in which no charge is collected centred on the electrode columns and of radius 7.6±0.6μm. Charge collection above and below the columnar electrodes in the double-sided 3D sensor is observed
Frequency of Debris Disks around Solar-Type Stars: First Results from a Spitzer/MIPS Survey
We have searched for infrared excesses around a well defined sample of 69 FGK
main-sequence field stars. These stars were selected without regard to their
age, metallicity, or any previous detection of IR excess; they have a median
age of ~4 Gyr. We have detected 70 um excesses around 7 stars at the 3-sigma
confidence level. This extra emission is produced by cool material (< 100 K)
located beyond 10 AU, well outside the ``habitable zones'' of these systems and
consistent with the presence of Kuiper Belt analogs with ~100 times more
emitting surface area than in our own planetary system. Only one star, HD
69830, shows excess emission at 24 um, corresponding to dust with temperatures
> 300 K located inside of 1 AU. While debris disks with Ld/L* > 10^-3 are rare
around old FGK stars, we find that the disk frequency increases from 2+-2% for
Ld/L* > 10^-4 to 12+-5% for Ld/L* > 10^-5. This trend in the disk luminosity
distribution is consistent with the estimated dust in our solar system being
within an order of magnitude, greater or less, than the typical level around
similar nearby stars.Comment: 11 figure
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