Synthesis, characterization and catalytic potential of MgNiO2 nanoparticles obtained from a novel [MgNi(opba)]n·9nH2O chain

We describe herein the synthesis of MgNiO2 nanoparticles employing a new one-dimensional system [MgNi(opba)](n) center dot 9nH(2)O, with opba standing for ortho-phenylenebis(oxamato), as precursor. The MgNiO2 nanoparticles could be obtained after heat-treatment at 800 degrees C for 5 h under air atmosphere, which was responsible for the elimination of water and organic precursor material leading the formation of nanoparticles with average size of 40 +/- 9 nm. To this end, we first described the synthesis of [MgNi(opba)](n) center dot 9nH(2)O chain, which was obtained using a pre-synthetized Na-2[Ni(opba)] center dot 5H(2)O and Mg2+ (molar ratio of 1:1) in aqueous media and then this chain was calcined to produce the desired MgNiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained MgNiO2 nanoparticles showed good catalytic performance towards ethanol decomposition achieving 100% of substrate conversion and producing acetaldehyde (56.8%) and hydrogen (24.8%) as the main gaseous products. Also, carbon based structures of great interest for technological applications, carbon nanotubes and onions were formed as valuable byproducts. Thus, we believe that our reported results may inspire the synthesis of catalysts with improved performances for applications in other gas-phase transformations42121363513641CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS - FAPEMIGsem informaçã

Addition of silicon to boron foliar spray in cotton plants modulates the antioxidative system attenuating boron deficiency and toxicity

Abstract Background Boron (B) nutritional disorders, either deficiency or toxicity, may lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species production, causing damage to cells. Oxidative damage in leaves can be attenuated by supplying silicon (Si). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing foliar B accumulation on cotton plants to determine whether adding Si to the spray solution promotes gains to correct deficiency and toxicity of this micronutrient by decreasing oxidative stress via synthetizing proline and glycine-betaine, thereby raising dry matter production. Results B deficiency or toxicity increased H2O2 and MDA leaf concentration in cotton plants. H2O2 and MDA leaf concentration declined, with quadratic adjustment, as a function of increased leaf B accumulation. Proline and glycine-betaine leaf concentration increased under B-deficiency and B-toxicity. In addition, production of these nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds was greater in plants under toxicity, in relation to deficient plants. Adding Si to the B spray solution reduced H2O2 and MDA concentration in the plants under nutrient deficiency or toxicity. Si reduced H2O2, primarily in B-deficient plants. Si also increased proline and glycine-betaine concentration, mainly in plants under B toxicity. Dry matter production of B-deficient cotton plants increased up to an application of 1.2 g L− 1 of B. The critical B level in the spray solution for deficiency and toxicity was observed at a concentration of 0.5 and 1.9 g L− 1 of B, respectively, in the presence of Si, and 0.4 and 1.9 g L− 1 of B without it. In addition, the presence of Si in the B solution raised dry matter production in all B concentrations evaluated in this study. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that adding Si to a B solution is important in the foliar spraying of cotton plants because it increases proline and glycine-betaine production and reduces H2O2 and MDA concentration, in addition to mitigating the oxidative stress in cotton plants under B deficiency or toxicity

Synthesis and density functional calculations of the new molecule-based magnet precursor [Fe(H2opba-i)(dmso)2]Cl

A new precursor of molecule-based magnetic systems, [Fe(H2opba-i)(dmso)2]Cl (1), with opba = ortho-phenylenebis(oxamato) in an iminoalcohol tautomeric form, was obtained as a product from the reaction between H4opba and FeCl3. Data from elemental analysis, IR and Mössbauer spectroscopies and magnetic measurements indicate that this precursor is composed of a mixture of trans (83%) and cis (17%) isomers. The chiMT value at 298K (2.1 emu K mol-1) corresponds to FeIII with spin state (S) between 3/2 and 5/2. Theoretical calculations (PBE/DZVP2) of trans- and cis-[Fe(H2opba-i)(dmso)2 ]+ show that both isomers have spin S = 1/2 in the ground state and S = 3/2 for the trans and S = 5/2 for the cis in the first excited state. The combination of these results leads to chiMT values of 0.375 and 2.3 emu K mol-1, at low and high temperature respectively, which are in accordance with the experimental data for 1.Um precursor inédito de sistemas magnéticos moleculares, [Fe(H2opba-i)(dmso)2]Cl (1), onde opba = orto-fenilenobis(oxamato) na forma tautomérica iminoálcool, foi obtido como produto da reação entre H4opba e FeCl3. Os dados de análise elementar, espectroscopias de absorção no infravermelho e Mössbauer e medidas magnéticas indicam que este precursor é constituído por uma mistura de isômeros trans (83%) e cis (17%). O valor de chiMT a 298 K (2,1 emu K mol-1) corresponde ao FeIII com estado de spin (S) entre 3/2 e 5/2. Cálculos teóricos (PBE/DZVP2) de trans- e cis-[Fe(H2opba-i)(dmso)2 ]+ mostram que ambos os isômeros têm spin S = 1/2 no estado fundamental e S = 3/2 para o trans e S = 5/2 para o cis no primeiro estado excitado. A combinação destes resultados leva a valores de chiMT de 0,375 emu K mol-1 e 2,3 emu K mol-1 a baixas e altas temperaturas, respectivamente, os quais são concordantes com os dados experimentais para 1.15341539Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Alterações das características químicas de três substratos comerciais na produção de mudas cítricas Change of the chemical characteristics of three commercial substrates in the production of citric seedlings

Avaliou-se a dinâmica dos nutrientes em três substratos comerciais em que cultivaram-se mudas cítricas, desde o momento da repicagem dos porta-enxertos até a fase final de produção das mesmas. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, sendo as mudas cultivadas em citropotes de 4L. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Estação Experimental Agronômica da UFRGS em Eldorado do Sul, RS, no período de junho/2003 a novembro/2004, e obedeceu ao delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 x 2, sendo: 3 substratos comerciais de cultivo (Comercial 1, 2 e 3 - composto de turfa preta; cascas processadas e enriquecidas, perlita, vermiculita expandida e turfa; e, casca de pinus compostada e vermiculita, respectivamente), 3 porta-enxertos (Trifoliata - Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.; citrangeiro 'C13' - Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck x P. trifoliata [L.] Raf.; e limoeiro 'Cravo' - C. limonia Osbeck) e 2 variedades copa (laranjeira 'Valência' C. sinensis [L.] Osbeck e a tangerineira 'Montenegrina' - C. deliciosa Tenore). Empregou-se o sistema de irrigação por gotejamento. Avaliou-se a caracterização química dos substratos e conteúdo nutricional foliar e a massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea. Nas condições deste experimento, os substratos apresentam perdas consideráveis de nutrientes, especialmente de fósforo e potássio. No entanto, observa-se que o substrato Comercial 2 apresenta maior aporte de nutrientes, quando comparado com os outros substratos, proporcionando maior acúmulo de massa seca nos porta-enxertos, no momento da enxertia e nas mudas cítricas no final do experimento.<br>The dynamics of nutrients in three commercial substrates were evaluated, from the transplanting until final nursery. The rootstocks were cultivated in 4L containers under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was developed at Estação Experimental Agronômica of UFRGS from June/2003 to November/2004, with the experimental design of completely randomized blocks, in factorial 3 x 3 x 2, where 3 commercial substrates were tested (Commercial 1, 2 and 3 - composed of black turf; processed and enriched barks, perlite, vermiculite expanded and turf; and, composted pine bark and vermiculite, respectively), 3 citrus rootstocks (Trifoliate orange - Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf.; 'C13' citrange - Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck x P. trifoliata [L.] Raf.; and 'Rangpur' lime - C. limonia Osbeck) and 2 citrus varieties ('Valencia' - C. sinensis [L.] Osbeck and the 'Montenegrina' mandarin - C. deliciosa Tenore). One evaluated the substrate chemical characterization and foliar nutritional content and dry mass content of the rootstock. The substrates showed significant reductions in the concentration of nutrients, specially phosphorus and potassium. However, one observed that the Commercial 2 substrate presents greater port of nutrients when compared to the other substrates, providing larger accumulation of dry mass in the rootstocks at grafting time and final nursery production