Birth Weight as Destiny? How Parental Investment Reinforces the Birth Weight Educational Gap

Through numerous studies, scholars have come to view birth weight as having a lasting impact on educational outcomes. Normal birth weight is associated with greater educational attainment; however, much of the literature ignores the role of parental investment. Using data from the Fragile Families Child Well-Being Study, it was found that birth endowments alone do not produce varying levels of cognitive development, but these birth endowments do lead parents to make different choices for their children, choices that potentially exacerbate the educational divide. Children with normal birth weight receive more parental investment from birth to age 3 than children with abnormal birth weight. The increased parental investment from birth to age 3 directly increases cognitive scores and the role of parental investment on cognitive scores is amplified indirectly through birth weight. Parents may actually reinforce birth weight differences and, thus, it plays a role in the lingering cognitive gap exhibited later in life

Amélioration de l'estimation de la SER de cibles étendues par une approche champ proche

National audienceCet article présente une nouvelle méthode d'estimation de la Surface Equivalente Radar (SER) d'objets de grandes dimensions en milieu réaliste et prenant en compte la problématique champ proche par l'utilisation de la fonction de Green dyadique. Les simulations ont été réalisées sur des cibles métalliques de grandes dimensions placées de 0 à 10 km du radar, pour des fréquences comprises entre 1 et 20 GHz

Amélioration de l'estimation de la SER de cibles étendues par une approche champ proche

National audienceCet article présente une nouvelle méthode d'estimation de la Surface Equivalente Radar (SER) d'objets de grandes dimensions en milieu réaliste et prenant en compte la problématique champ proche par l'utilisation de la fonction de Green dyadique. Les simulations ont été réalisées sur des cibles métalliques de grandes dimensions placées de 0 à 10 km du radar, pour des fréquences comprises entre 1 et 20 GHz

Social Security and Protection in the Developing World

The article, featured in the Monthly Labor Review, focuses on the ways many developing nations are restructuring their social security systems in response to the economic and political realities of the present day and the future

Use of dyadic Green's function for RCS estimation of large targets

International audienceThis paper presents a new method to estimate the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of a large object in its environment. This estimation method is based on the use of dyadic Green's function method which includes near-field issues. Simulations have been made on perfect electrically conducting (PEC) targets in a frequency band between 1 to 20 GHz. Some simulated results of RCS estimation of a PEC target taking into account the sea effect, are also presented here

Improvement of RCS estimation of large targets by using near-field approach

International audienceThis paper presents a new method in order to estimate the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of large objects in their environments. Object is defined as a volumetric surface and will be considered as a metallic target at a finite distance. This estimation is based on the use of dyadic Green's function method which includes near-field issues. Simulations have been made in a frequency band between 1 to 20 GHz. Some simulated results of RCS estimation of a large metallic target taking into account the sea effect, are presented

A history of Indian immigration and settlement in Fiji

1v. and supplIn this thesis, the causes, nature and effects of Indian immigration and settlement in Fiji from 1879 to 1919 are studied from documentary and oral data. The subject is treated broadly from several angles, not analysed rigorously in relation to any single hypothesis. Indentured Indian immigrants were introduced into Fiji by the first Governor, Sir Arthur Gordon, who wished to obtain revenue from a limited commercial development of the colony without disrupting Fijian society. This object was successfully achieved but at the price of creating other problems for the future. Investment of Australian capital in the sugar industry ensured the continuance of the immigration. First two paragraphs of abstract)

Appendiceal Mucocele in an Elderly Patient: How Much Surgery?

Appendiceal mucoceles are rare cystic lesions with an incidence of 0.3–0.7% of all appendectomies. They are divided into four subgroups according to their histology. Even though the symptoms may vary – depending on the level of complication – from right lower quadrant pain, signs of intussusception, gastrointestinal bleeding to an acute abdomen with sepsis, most mucoceles are asymptomatic and found incidentally. We present the case of a 70-year-old patient with an incidentally found appendiceal mucocele. He was seen at the hospital for backache. The CT scan showed a vertebral fracture and a 7-cm appendiceal mass. A preoperative colonoscopy displayed several synchronous adenomas in the transverse and left colon with high-grade dysplasia. In order to lower the cancer risk of this patient, we performed a subtotal colectomy. The appendiceal mass showed no histopathological evidence of malignancy and no sign of perforation. The follow-up was therefore limited to 2 months. In this case, appendectomy would have been sufficient to treat the mucocele alone. The synchronous high-grade dysplastic adenomas were detected in the preoperative colonoscopy and determined the therapeutic approach. Generally, in the presence of positive lymph nodes, a right colectomy is the treatment of choice. In the histological presence of mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis, cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is indicated. In conclusion, mucoceles of the appendix are detected with high sensitivity by CT scan. If there is no evidence of synchronous tumor preoperatively and no peritoneal spillage, invasion or positive sentinel lymph nodes during surgery, a mucocele is adequately treated by appendectomy