7,218 research outputs found
A unique facility for V/STOL aircraft hover testing
The Langley Impact Dynamics Research Facility (IDRF) was modified to obtain static force and moment data and to allow assessment of aircraft handling qualities during dynamic tethered hover flight. Test probe procedures were also established. Static lift and control measurements obtained are presented along with results of limited dynamic tethered hover flight
Hyperon production in near threshold nucleon-nucleon collisions
We study the mechanism of the associated Lambda-kaon and Sigma-kaon
production in nucleon-nucleon collisions over an extended range of near
threshold beam energies within an effective Lagrangian model, to understand of
the new data on pp --> p Lambda K+ and pp --> p Sigma0 K+ reactions published
recently by the COSY-11 collaboration. In this theory, the hyperon production
proceeds via the excitation of N*(1650), N*(1710), and N*(1720) baryonic
resonances. Interplay of the relative contributions of various resonances to
the cross sections, is discussed as a function of the beam energy over a larger
near threshold energy domain. Predictions of our model are given for the total
cross sections of pp --> p Sigma+K0, pp --> n Sigma+K+, and pn --> n Lambda K+
reactions.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, one new table added and dicussions are updated,
version accepted for publication by Physical Review
Counterion Condensation on Spheres in the Salt-free Limit
A highly-charged spherical colloid in a salt-free environment exerts such a
powerful attraction on its counterions that a certain fraction condenses onto
the surface of a particle. The degree of condensation depends on the curvature
of the surface. So, for instance, condensation is triggered on a highly-charged
sphere only if the radius exceeds a certain critical radius \collrad^{*}.
\collrad^{*} is expected to be a simple function of the volume fraction of
particles. To test these predictions, we prepare spherical particles which
contain a covalently-bound ionic liquid, which is engineered to dissociate
efficiently in a low-dielectric medium. By varying the proportion of ionic
liquid to monomer we synthesise nonpolar dispersions of highly-charged spheres
which contain essentially no free co-ions. The only ions in the system are
counterions generated by the dissociation of surface-bound groups. We study the
electrophoretic mobility of this salt-free system as a function of the colloid
volume fraction, the particle radius, and the bare charge density and find
evidence for extensive counterion condensation. At low electric fields, we
observe excellent agreement with Poisson-Boltzmann predictions for counterion
condensation on spheres. At high electric fields however, where ion advection
is dominant, the electrophoretic mobility is enhanced significantly which we
attribute to hydrodynamic stripping of the condensed layer of counterions from
the surface of the particle.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures and two table
On-the-fly Uniformization of Time-Inhomogeneous Infinite Markov Population Models
This paper presents an on-the-fly uniformization technique for the analysis
of time-inhomogeneous Markov population models. This technique is applicable to
models with infinite state spaces and unbounded rates, which are, for instance,
encountered in the realm of biochemical reaction networks. To deal with the
infinite state space, we dynamically maintain a finite subset of the states
where most of the probability mass is located. This approach yields an
underapproximation of the original, infinite system. We present experimental
results to show the applicability of our technique
Citalopram plus low-dose pipamperone versus citalopram plus placebo in patients with major depressive disorder: an 8-week, double-blind, randomized study on magnitude and timing of clinical response
Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors take several weeks to achieve their full antidepressant effects. Post-synaptic 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor activation is thought to be involved in this delayed therapeutic effect. Pipamperone acts as a highly selective 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>/D<sub>4</sub> antagonist when administered in low doses. The purpose of this study was to compare citalopram 40 mg once daily plus pipamperone 5 mg twice daily (PipCit) versus citalopram plus placebo twice daily for magnitude and onset of therapeutic effect.
Method: An 8-week, randomized, double-blind study in patients with major depressive disorder was carried out.
Results: The study population comprised 165 patients (citalopram and placebo, n=82; PipCit, n=83) with a mean baseline Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score of 32.6 (S.D.=5.5). In the first 4 weeks, more citalopram and placebo than PipCit patients discontinued treatment (18% v. 4%, respectively, p=0.003). PipCit patients had significantly greater improvement in MADRS score at week 1 [observed cases (OC), p=0.021; last observation carried forward (LOCF), p=0.007] and week 4 (LOCF, p=0.025) but not at week 8 compared with citalopram and placebo patients. Significant differences in MADRS scores favoured PipCit in reduced sleep, reduced appetite, concentration difficulties and pessimistic thoughts. Mean Clinical Global Impression–Improvement scores were significantly improved after 1 week of PipCit compared with citalopram and placebo (OC and LOCF, p=0.002).
Conclusions: Although the MADRS score from baseline to 8 weeks did not differ between groups, PipCit provided superior antidepressant effects and fewer discontinuations compared with citalopram and placebo during the first 4 weeks of treatment, especially in the first week
Organic farming enhances parasitoid diversity at the local and landscape scales
1. The magnitude of the benefits derived from organic farming within contrasting managed landscapes remains unclear and, in particular, the potential scale-dependent response of insect parasitoids is relatively unexplored. Identifying the scale at which parasitoids are affected by organic farming will be an important step to enhance their conservation. 2. We sampled tachinid parasitoids at the centre and margin of arable and grassland fields on paired organic and conventional farms located in landscapes with different proportions of organic land. A total of 192 fields were sampled in two biogeographical regions of the UK. 3. We found that the positive effect of organic farming on tachinid parasitoid diversity can be observed at multiple spatial scales. At the local scale, we found higher abundance and species richness of tachinid parasitoids on organic than on conventional farms and on field margins than on field centres. At the landscape scale, the diversity of tachinids was higher in landscapes with higher proportions of organic land. At both scales, the positive effect of organic farming was clear for arable fields, while it was almost neutral for grasslands. 4. Synthesis and applications. Any attempt to enhance parasitoid diversity in agricultural landscapes needs to consider the local management in relation to the habitat type, location within the field and agricultural management in the surrounding landscape. To restore parasitoid diversity, the promotion of organic agriculture should aim to increase both the total extent of organic farming and the connectivity of individual farms. As the benefits of organic farming to biodiversity clearly spread beyond individual farm boundaries, any assessment of organic farming should consider these positive externalities
Binary inspiral, gravitational radiation, and cosmology
Observations of binary inspiral in a single interferometric gravitational
wave detector can be cataloged according to signal-to-noise ratio and
chirp mass . The distribution of events in a catalog composed of
observations with greater than a threshold depends on the
Hubble expansion, deceleration parameter, and cosmological constant, as well as
the distribution of component masses in binary systems and evolutionary
effects. In this paper I find general expressions, valid in any homogeneous and
isotropic cosmological model, for the distribution with and of
cataloged events; I also evaluate these distributions explicitly for relevant
matter-dominated Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models and simple models of the
neutron star mass distribution. In matter dominated Friedmann-Robertson-Walker
cosmological models advanced LIGO detectors will observe binary neutron star
inspiral events with from distances not exceeding approximately
, corresponding to redshifts of (0.26) for
(), at an estimated rate of 1 per week. As the binary system mass
increases so does the distance it can be seen, up to a limit: in a matter
dominated Einstein-deSitter cosmological model with () that limit
is approximately (1.7) for binaries consisting of two
black holes. Cosmological tests based on catalogs of the
kind discussed here depend on the distribution of cataloged events with
and . The distributions found here will play a pivotal role in testing
cosmological models against our own universe and in constructing templates for
the detection of cosmological inspiraling binary neutron stars and black holes.Comment: REVTeX, 38 pages, 9 (encapsulated) postscript figures, uses epsf.st
Noise spectroscopy of optical microcavity
The intensity noise spectrum of the light passed through an optical
microcavity is calculated with allowance for thermal fluctuations of its
thickness. The spectrum thus obtained reveals a peak at the frequency of
acoustic mode localized inside the microcavity and depends on the size of the
illuminated area. The estimates of the noise magnitude show that it can be
detected using the up-to-date noise spectroscopy technique.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
Replicators in Fine-grained Environment: Adaptation and Polymorphism
Selection in a time-periodic environment is modeled via the two-player
replicator dynamics. For sufficiently fast environmental changes, this is
reduced to a multi-player replicator dynamics in a constant environment. The
two-player terms correspond to the time-averaged payoffs, while the three and
four-player terms arise from the adaptation of the morphs to their varying
environment. Such multi-player (adaptive) terms can induce a stable
polymorphism. The establishment of the polymorphism in partnership games
[genetic selection] is accompanied by decreasing mean fitness of the
population.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
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