Eudaimonic Pathways of Activating Compassion Reduce Vulnerabilities to Paranoia

This study aimed to identify if compassion benefits paranoia and, if so what type of compassion. Following a series of different compassionate exercises in 104 participants it was found that mindfulness approaches were the most significant in reducing paranoia suggesting a new approach for psychological problems characterised by paranoia

Feasibility study of an explosive gun

Feasibility of high performance, explosively driven device, and calculations for deformable piston light gas gu

Nursing Students’ Perception of the Stigma of Mental Illness

Background: Mental health disorders are highly prevalent in the U.S. Nursing students’ perceptions regarding the stigma of mental illness will impact the quality of care delivered and the patients’ outcomes. Method: Data was collected from 64 sophomore students. Five open ended questions were distributed to the students during the first class. All the surveys were collected by a volunteer student and were placed in the instructor’s mailbox in a sealed envelope. Results: The results revealed three categories: students ‘perceptions of the causes of mental illness stigmatization, their own perception of mental illness, and their perception on how to break the cycle of stigmatization of mental illness. Conclusion: Nursing students provided insightful perceptions regarding the causes of the stigma and possible interventions. Collaborative efforts to break the stigma of mental illness include: education, acceptance, increasing awareness, and better portrayal in the media

Precursor ion scanning for detection and structural characterization of heterogeneous glycopeptide mixtures

AbstractThe structure of N-linked glycans is determined by a complex, anabolic, intracellular pathway but the exact role of individual glycans is not always clear. Characterization of carbohydrates attached to glycoproteins is essential to aid understanding of this complex area of biology. Specific mass spectral detection of glycopeptides from protein digests may be achieved by on-line HPLC-MS, with selected ion monitoring (SIM) for diagnostic product ions generated by cone voltage fragmentation, or by precursor ion scanning for terminal saccharide product ions, which can yield the same information more rapidly. When glycosylation is heterogeneous, however, these approaches can result in spectra that are complex and poorly resolved. We have developed methodology, based around precursor ion scanning for ions of high m/z, that allows site specific detection and structural characterization of glycans at high sensitivity and resolution. These methods have been developed using the standard glycoprotein, fetuin, and subsequently applied to the analysis of the N-linked glycans attached to the scrapie-associated prion protein, PrPSc. These glycans are highly heterogeneous and over 30 structures have been identified and characterized site specifically. Product ion spectra have been obtained on many glycopeptides confirming structure assignments. The glycans are highly fucosylated and carry Lewis X or sialyl Lewis X epitopes and the structures are in-line with previous results. [Abbreviations: Hex–Hexose, C6H12O6 carbohydrates, including mannnose and galactose; HexNAc—N-acetylhexosamine, C8H15NO6 carbohydrates, including N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine; GlcNAc—N-acetylglucosamine; GalNAc—N-acetylgalactosamine; Fuc–Fucose; NeuAC—N-acetylneuraminic acid or sialic acid; TSE—Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy.

Workshop report : Earth and Environmental Science for Sustainable Development (Nairobi, March 2017)

This report describes the outcomes of a two-day interactive workshop in Nairobi (Kenya), conducted in March 2017. We gathered 32 delegates from 22 organisations in Kenya to determine sustainable development priorities and consider the role of Earth and environmental science in addressing these. Delegates came from diverse disciplines (e.g., geology, agriculture, geography, hydrology, ecology) and sectors (e.g., academia, commercial, civil society, government). Using the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a reference tool, participants identified primary development challenges and their research and data needs to help address these. Key themes included the food-water-energy nexus, clean water, and natural resources (minerals). Participants co-designed a set of draft science-for-development projects relating to these themes. BGS are using this information, together with the results of additional workshop activities, to inform the development of collaborative science-for-development activities in eastern Africa as part of our commitment to Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the region. We will further develop specific project ideas, using information gathered at this workshop, with appropriate regional and international partners. Information from this workshop provides supporting evidence of expressed development need and stakeholder expertise in eastern Africa. This information will guide future project applications to the Global Challenges Research Fund, and other appropriate research and innovation funding sources. Key Results and Conclusions Small group discussions and group voting generated a collective ranking of SDG priorities. Participants also reflected on where they believe Earth and environmental science can make the greatest contribution to development impact. These rankings were: Overall SDG ranking (Eastern Africa) based on summing of small groups votes: 1. Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6) 2. No Poverty (SDG 1) 3. Zero Hunger (SDG 2) 4. Good Health and Wellbeing (SDG 3) 5. Quality Education (SDG 4) Role for Earth and environmental science rankings: 1. Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6) 2. Climate Action (SDG 13) 3. Life on Land (SDG 15) 4. Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG 7) 5. Zero Hunger (SDG 2) Group discussions suggested that interconnectedness of SDGs and basic (immediate) development needs were likely to influence the prioritisation process. For example, participants noted that ending poverty (SDG 1), ending hunger (SDG 2) and ensuring access to clean water and sanitation (SDG 6) would underpin progress in many of the other SDGs. We used these rankings to establish three thematic working groups, with each tasked to identify specific challenges, research priorities, information needs and potential projects. Groups were: Food-water-energy nexus. This group identified geographic areas of interest, and considered crosscutting issues (data, cultural and political barriers, partnerships, lessons learned, and capacity building). Clean water and sanitation. This group discussed water availability mapping, enhanced water policy/governance/management, improved catchment management, data gaps, and applied research and training activities. Natural resources (minerals). This group identified activities relating to a Mombasa to Kisumu resource corridor, and artisanal and small-scale mining activities. Developing these activities will require effective science-for-development partnerships. Partnership characteristics of greatest importance to Kenyan participants were (i) sharing of project outputs, (ii) sharing of data, (iii) being treated as equals by other members of the partnership, and (iv) access to training and capacity building

Walking side-by-side: Recovery Colleges revolutionising mental health care

© 2018 Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose - The Recovery College model is an innovative approach to providing education to consumers, carers and mental health staff, with the potential to facilitate both personal recovery gains and organisational transformation towards recovery-focused service provision. The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of students who attended the South Eastern Sydney Recovery College (SESRC). Design/methodology/approach - An exploratory, descriptive qualitative design was employed with data collected through seven focus group interviews with consumers and mental health staff who had participated in courses run by the SESRC. Thematic analysis of the data was conducted using both deductive and inductive processes in order to interpret the data. Findings - All participants were positive about their involvement in the RC. Four themes emerged from the thematic analysis: Connection with others, hope for the future, the importance of the lived experience, and changing attitudes and systems. Originality/value - The outcomes of this study indicate that the SESRC is achieving its aims in relation to both personal recovery gains, and the potential to impact on service transformation. It highlights the centrality of co-production as a fundamental aspect of the Recovery College model. This paper contributes to the emerging evidence base for this model and provides evidence that this model is applicable to the Australian context

Moderate exercise increases affinity of large very low density lipoproteins for hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase

Context: Postprandial triglyceride (TG) concentration is independently associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Exercise reduces postprandial TG concentrations but the mechanisms responsible are unclear. Objective: To determine the effects of exercise on affinity of chylomicrons, large very low density lipoproteins (VLDL1) and smaller VLDL (VLDL2) for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mediated TG hydrolysis. Design: Within-participant cross-over study. Setting: A University metabolic investigation unit. Participants: Ten overweight/obese men. Interventions: Participants undertook two oral fat tolerance tests, separated by 7–14 days, in which they had blood taken fasting and for 4 hours after a high-fat mixed meal. On the afternoon before one test, they performed a 90-minute treadmill walk at 50% maximal oxygen uptake (EX); no exercise was performed before the control test (CON). Main outcome measures: Circulating TG-rich lipoprotein concentrations; affinity of chylomicrons, VLDL1, VLDL2 for LPL-mediated TG hydrolysis. Results: Exercise significantly reduced fasting VLDL1-TG concentration (CON: 0.49(0.33–0.72) mmol.l−1, EX: 0.36(0.22–0.59) mmol.l−1, [geometric means (95% confidence interval)]; p=0.04). Time-averaged postprandial chylomicron-TG (CON: 0.55±0.10 mmol.l−1, EX: 0.39±0.08 mmol.l−1, [mean±SEM], p=0.03) and VLDL1-TG (CON: 0.85±0.13 mmol.l−1, EX: 0.66±0.10 mmol.l−1, p=0.01) concentrations were both lower in EX than CON. Affinity of VLDL1 for LPL-mediated TG hydrolysis increased by 2.2(1.3–3.7) fold (geometric mean (95% confidence interval)) (p=0.02) in the fasted state and 2.6(1.8–2.6) fold (p=0.001) postprandially. Affinity of chylomicrons and VLDL2 was not significantly different between trials. Conclusions: Exercise increases affinity of VLDL1 for LPL-mediated TG hydrolysis both fasting and postprandially. This mechanism is likely to contribute to exercise's TG-lowering effect

Addressing Assessment in Libyan Medical Education

Assessment is a powerful driver of student learning: it gives a message to learners about what they should be learning, what the learning organisation believes to be important, and how they should go about learning. Assessment tools allow measurement of student achievement and thereby give teachers insight into their students' learning, and enable teachers to make systematic judgements about progress and achievement. It is vital then that assessment tools drive students to learn the right things as well as measure student learning appropriately. Any attempts to reform curricula and teaching methods must consider the role of assessment in the learning process

Evaluation and comparative performance of six loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) varieties under Punjab conditions

Evaluation and comparative performance of six loquat Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cultivars viz. selections, pathankot, tanaka, golden yellow, pale yellow and improved golden yellow was studied under Punjab conditions in 2012-13 and 2013-14. The main objective of the study was to evaluate and recommend the loquat variety with higher yield potential and better fruit quality for the growers of Punjab. Among the six varieties of loquat, cv. Tanaka was found most promising on the basis of the maximum fruit weight (23.5g), fruits per cluster (12), fruit length (4.5cm) fruit breadth (3.64 cm) Pulp weight (29.52g) fruit yield (34.0g),TSS (11.03%.) with minimum acidity (1.12%), seed weight and seed number. Moreover ‘Tanaka’ fruits had higher consumer acceptance (7.83 out of 9) as compared to other loquat varieties under comparison. These varieties were compared with recommended varieties as standard check. The study indicate that cv Tanaka has the potential to excel under Punjab conditions as compared with the prior existing cultivation