Hoofprints in the sand:A study on domestic sheep (Ovis aries) from Iron Age southern Phoenicia using traditional biometric methods

The majority of research to date on the translocation of livestock in the premodern (before 1500 CE) Mediterranean Basin has focused on expansive movements out from geographic origins of domestication or from colonizer-to-colonized territories. Fewer zooarchaeological studies have investigated the lateral trajectories of distinct varieties of domesticated animals around the post-Neolithic eastern Mediterranean, partially due to the difficulty in detecting intra-species variation osteologically. The research conducted in the present study sought to improve understanding of the human-mediated mobility of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) from Iron Age settlements in the southern Levant. Variability in body size and a greater variety of morphotypes were expected from coastal flocks in southern Phoenicia in comparison to inland herds, possibly due to the dynamic influence of maritime trade. Biometric data analysis of zooarchaeological materials using log size index and astragalar dimension index methods revealed evidence for the possible optimization of coastal sheep for wool production and a potential introduction event in the Persian period. The Aegean region could be a source for this introduction; however, further research is needed to specify the geographic origin of this phenomenon.</p

Why Music Therapists Choose to Work with a Clinical Population: An International Pilot Survey

(1) Background: Throughout their career, music therapists make decisions regarding the clinical population they choose to work with. Though such decisions can have broad implications on the professional development of the music therapist, not much is known about the reasons for making these decisions and whether they are affected by demographic or professional factors. (2) Methods: In this pilot study, we surveyed 439 music therapists from six countries (i.e., Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Israel, Spain, and Switzerland) using an online questionnaire. We asked the respondents to explain why they chose to work with their main clienteles, and we examined whether their reasons were connected to demographic factors such as country of origin, gender, and seniority, and professional factors such as experience as a music therapist and population one works with. (3) Results: The category analysis of these responses pointed at nine distinct reasons that could be grouped into "practical reasons", "reasons of connection", and "innovation". There were differences in reasoning between music therapists from different countries, and with different degrees of seniority, but not between male and female music therapists. (4) Discussion: The implications on training programs and on policy makers are discussed as well as the importance of this subject to the development of music therapists' professional identity

The Late Bronze and Iron Ages in Area G: An Architectural, Contextual, Functional and Chronological Synthesis

Pp. 27–78 in Excavations at Dor, Final Report, Volume IIA—Area G, The Late Bronze and Iron Ages: Synthesis, Architecture and Stratigraphy, eds. A. Gilboa; I. Sharon; J. R. Zorn; and S. Matskevich. Qedem Reports 10. Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.In depth discussion describing and integrating the finds from Area G at Tel Dor, Israel. Begins with limited test excavations into the last part of the Late Bronze Age, which revealed traces of metallurgical wastes in Phases 12-11. In Phase 10 the area was a center for recasting of copper/bronze objects. Phases 9-6 are represented by a house based on a central courtyard apparently used for grain processing. Other rooms were used for storage (including fish and layers or grassy material) and cult. Traces of a second story were identified. Objects of Egyptian origin , including storage jars of Nile clay, were found in all phases. Phase 5 was much disturbed by later Phase 4 pits, but seems to represent Iron Age IIB-C. As much as possible, these finds are set in the wider cultural-historical context of the southern Levant

Early Iron Age Radiometric Dates from Tel Dor: Preliminary Implications for Phoenicia and Beyond

From the 17th International Radiocarbon Conference held in Jerusalem, Israel, June 18-23, 2000.The absolute date of the Iron Age I and IIa periods in Israel, and by inference in the Southern Levant at large, are to date among the hottest debated issues in Syro-Palestinian archaeology. As there are no pegs of absolute chronology throughout this range, conventional chronology had been established on proposed correlations of the material record with events and social phenomena as portrayed in historical and literary sources, chiefly the Hebrew Bible. With the growing impact of so-called “revisionist” notions in Biblical studies, which to various extents question the historicity of the Bible, it is imperative to try to establish a chronological framework for the Iron I–IIa range that is independent of historical and so forth considerations, inter alia in order to be able to offer an independent archaeological perspective of the biblical debate. The most obvious solution is to attempt a radiocarbon-based chronology. This paper explores the possible implications of a sequence of 22 radiometric dates obtained from a detailed Iron I–IIa stratigraphic/ceramic sequence at Tel Dor, on Israel’s Mediterranean coast. To date, this is the largest such sequence from any single early Iron Age site in Israel. Having been part of the Phoenician commercial sphere in the early Iron Age, Dor offers a variegated sequence of ceramics that have a significant spatial distribution beyond Phoenicia, and thus transcend regional differences and enable correlation with the surrounding regions. By and large, the absolute dates of these ceramics by the Dor radiometric chronology are up to a century lower than those established by conventional Palestinian ceramic chronology. The ramifications of the lower Dor dates for some Phoenician, Israelite, and Cypriot early Iron Age archaeological issues are explored.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

Towards Sustainable Implementation of Music in Daily Care of People With Dementia and Their Spouses

Primary caregivers (PCs) of people with dementia deal with stressful daily living, especially spouses whose care recipient is at home. Several programs have been developed to aid caregiving by providing musical strategies, yet successful sustainable implementation of music in the daily lives of the couples awaits further research and development. To promote this, in this pilot study we proposed a music therapy program that included 12 weekly sessions with the couple in their home environment. In addition, there were bi-weekly phone counseling sessions with the PC, to reflect on the joint sessions and to help implement music in daily life. Findings based on the description, analysis, and interpretation of two cases showed that the proposed program provided a strong foundation upon which the treatment could succeed; it relied on natural forces such as the use of songs, which can empower each of the spouses individually, as well as together as a couple; and it included elements of ongoing support that enabled preservation of the accomplishments that were achieved during the sessions. Future research is required to examine whether this program is appropriate for couples in other housing contexts, and in different stages of dementia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved

Die klinischen und theoretischen Trends der Musiktherapeuten: Der Fall Israel

Dans l’étude actuelle, nous avons mené une première de son enquête en ligne genre de musicothérapeutes (MT) en Israël. Bien que ce domaine se soit développé rapidement et à ce jour comprend environ 700 MTs, il n'y avait pas encore une enquête menée pour adresser leurs domaines d'intérêt, et leurs orientations cliniques et théoriques. Au total, 107 MTs, dont 48 avaient plus de 8 ans d'expérience (MEMT) et 57 avaient moins de 8 ans d'expérience (LEMT), ont répondu à un sondage sur Internet: a) les instruments et les techniques qu'ils utilisent , (B) les populations avec lesquelles ils travaillent, et (c) leur orientation théorique. Les résultats ont révélé des différences significatives entre les MEMT et les LEMT dans presque tous les domaines d'enquête. Généralement, la plupart des jeunes générations sont ouvertes à plus de techniques, maîtrisent plus d'instruments et utilisent plus de musique dans leur travail. Dans un monde continuellement en train de se mondialiser, les résultats de cette étude sont pertinents non seulement pour les musicothérapeutes israéliens, mais aussi pour d'autres, puisque la situation locale saisie dans cette étude peut être comparée et liée à la situation dans d'autres pays. Des recommandations sont fournies pour les endroits où de telles études et enquêtes n'ont pas encore été menées.Nel presente studio abbiamo condotto un sondaggio online sui musicoterapisti (MTs) in Israele, per la prima volta nel suo genere. Nonostante questo settore sia cresciuto rapidamente e ad oggi comprenda circa 700 MTs, non era ancora stato condotto un sondaggio indirizzato ai loro campi di interesse, ai loro orientamenti clinici e teorici. Un totale di 107 MTs, dei quali 48 avevano più di 8 anni di esperienza (MEMT) e 57 d meno di 8 anni (LEMT), ha risposto a un sondaggio internet esaminando: (a) gli strumenti e le tecniche che usano , (b) le popolazioni con cui lavorano, e (c) il loro orientamento teorico. I risultati hanno indicato differenze significative tra MEMTs e LEMTs in quasi tutti i campi di indagine. In generale, la maggior parte delle giovani generazioni è aperta a più tecniche, è abilitata a più strumenti, e usa più musica nel proprio lavoro. In un mondo di continua globalizzazione, i risultati di questo studio sono rilevanti non solo per i musicoterapisti israeliani, ma anche per gli altri, dal momento che la situazione locale rilevata in questo studio può essere confrontata e riferita alle situazioni di altri Paesi. Ciò è raccomandato per quei luoghi in cui tali studi d’indagine non sono ancora stati effettuati.In the present study we conducted a first of its kind online survey of music therapists (MTs) in Israel. Though this field has been growing rapidly and to date includes about 700 MTs, there was not yet a survey conducted to adress their fields of interest, and their clinical and theoretical orientations.A total of 107 MTs, 48 of which had more than 8 years of experience (MEMT) and 57 of which had less than 8 years of experience (LEMT), answered an internet survey examining: (a) the instruments and the techniques they use, (b) the populations they work with, and (c) their theoretical orientation. Results indicated significant differences between MEMTs and LEMTs in almost all fields of inquiry.Generally, most of the younger generation is open to more techniques, proficient with more instruments, and uses more music in their work. In a continuously globalizing world, the results of this study are relevant to not only Israeli music therapists, but others as well since the local situation captured in this study can be compared and related to the situations in other countries. Recommendations are provided for places where such studies and surveys have not yet been conducted.In der vorliegenden Studie führten wir eine Online-Umfrage von Musiktherapeuten (MTs) in Israel durch (die erste dieser Art). Obwohl das Feld schnell gewachsen ist und bis heute rund 700 MTs umfasst, wurde noch keine Umfrage durchgeführt, die sich mit ihren Interessenfelder und klinischen und theoretischen Orientierungen befasst. Insgesamt 107 MTs, von denen 48 mehr als 8 Jahre Erfahrung (MEMT) und 57 davon weniger als 8 Jahre Erfahrung (LEMT) hatten, beantworteten eine Internet-Befragung zu: a) den Instrumente und die Techniken, die sie verwenden , (B) den Populationen, mit denen sie arbeiten, und (c) ihrer theoretische Orientierung. Die Ergebnisse zeigten signifikante Unterschiede zwischen MEMTs und LEMTs in fast allen Untersuchungsfeldern. Im Allgemeinen sind die meisten der jüngeren Generation offen für mehr Techniken, kompetent mit mehr Instrumenten und nutzen mehr Musik in ihrer Arbeit. In einer kontinuierlich globalisierenden Welt sind die Ergebnisse dieser Studie nicht nur für israelische Musiktherapeuten relevant, sondern auch für andere, da die in dieser Studie eingefangene lokale Situation verglichen und mit den Situationen in anderen Ländern verknüpft werden könnte. Empfehlungen für Orte, an denen solche Studien und Erhebungen noch nicht durchgeführt wurden werden gegeben.この研究では、イスラエルにおける音楽療法士（MTs）に対するこの種の最初のオンライン調査を行った。この分野は急速に成長してきており、今日までに約700名の音楽療法士を擁するにいたっているが、彼らの関心の分野、臨床的及び理論的指向についての調査はなされてこなかった。 合計107名のMTのうち48名が8年以上の経験（MEMT）、57名が8年未満の経験(LEMT)を持っており、(a)使用する楽器や技法、(b)取り組んでいる対象者領域、(c)理論的指向についてのインターネット調査に回答した。その結果、MEMTとLEMTの間ではほとんどすべての質問領域において大きな相違が示された。全体的には、若い世代はより多くの技法に開かれており、より多くの楽器に熟達しており、より多くの音楽をその仕事に用いている。グローバル化を続ける世界において、この研究の結果はイスラエルの音楽療法士だけではなく他の地域にも言えることであろう。なぜならこの研究に示された局所的状況は、他の国々とも比較され、関係づけられ得るものだからである。こうした研究や調査がまだ行われていない地域への助言にも触れる

Dor and Iron Age Chronology: Scarabs, Ceramic Sequence and 14C

Discusses well-stratified sequence of "mass-produced' stamp seals bearing the name of the Egyptian pharaoh Siamun found in Area G at Tel Dor and their implications, along with 14C dates, for Iron Age chronology. It is suggested that the scarab sequence tends to support some form of an early low chronology

On the origin of Iron Age Phoenician ceramics at Kommos, Crete: regional and diachronic perspectives across the Bronze Age to Iron Age transition

Excavations at Kommos, Crete, have unearthed hundreds of fragments of Iron Age Levantine transport jars—an unusual phenomenon in the Iron Age Mediterranean. Though usually termed “Phoenician,” their origin has never been demonstrated by fabric analysis. This article presents such an analysis, employing petrography and chemistry. To a large extent, this is a rather unexplored domain because fabric analyses of Phoenician Iron Age ceramics overseas are surprisingly few. The compositional data indicate that most of the jars are indeed from Lebanon, specifically from its southern coast. To place these results in a diachronic and regional perspective, we discuss the chronology of these finds and then compare the production centers identified with those defined in other provenance studies of Levantine containers overseas. This illustrates the growing importance of southern Lebanese polities in Iron Age Mediterranean networks at the expense of the Syrian littoral, on the one hand, and the coast of the southern Levant, on the other

History of the Excavations in Area G (1986–2004), Post-Excavation Analysis (1993–2010) and Remarks on Documentation and Methods.

Pp. 3–26 in Excavations at Dor, Final Report, Volume IIA—Area G, The Late Bronze and Iron Ages: Synthesis, Architecture and Stratigraphy, eds. A. Gilboa; I. Sharon; J. R. Zorn; and S. Matskevich. Qedem Reports 10. Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IsraelEssentially a history of the excavations in Area G at Tel Dor, Israel, over the course of almost 20 years. Presents the reason for the selection of the excavations area and how excavation goals and strategies evolved. Also discusses how and why the excavation recording system developed. List all staff members from all seasons