Climate changes in mangrove forests and salt marshes

This synthesis is framed within the scope of the Brazilian Benthic Coastal Habitat Monitoring Network (ReBentos WG 4: Mangroves and Salt Marshes), focusing on papers that examine biodiversity-climate interactions as well as human-induced factors including those that decrease systemic resilience. The goal is to assess difficulties related to the detection of climate and early warning signals from monitoring data. We also explored ways to circumvent some of the obstacles identified. Exposure and sensitivity of mangrove and salt marsh species and ecosystems make them extremely vulnerable to environmental impacts and potential indicators of sea level and climate-driven environmental change. However, the interpretation of shifts in mangroves and salt marsh species and systemic attributes must be scrutinized considering local and setting-level energy signature changes; including disturbance regime and local stressors, since these vary widely on a regional scale. The potential for adaptation and survival in response to climate change depends, in addition to the inherent properties of species, on contextual processes at the local, landscape, and regional levels that support resilience. Regardless of stressor type, because of the convergence of social and ecological processes, coastal zones should be targeted for anticipatory action to reduce risks and to integrate these ecosystems into adaptation strategies. Management must be grounded on proactive mitigation and collaborative action based on long-term ecosystem-based studies and well-designed monitoring programs that can 1) provide real-time early warning and 2) close the gap between simple correlations that provide weak inferences and process-based approaches that can yield increasingly reliable attribution and improved levels of anticipation.Esta é uma síntese enquadrada na Rede de Monitoramento de Habitats Bentônicos Costeiros (ReBentos, GT4: Manguezais e Marismas), embasada em literatura científica que examina interações entre clima e biodiversidade, assim como fatores antrópicos, incluindo aqueles responsáveis pela diminuição da resiliência sistêmica. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar as dificuldades quanto à detecção de sinais precoces e alertas de mudanças climáticas com dados de monitoramento. No presente trabalho, também foram exploradas formas de contornar os diversos obstáculos identificados. A exposição e a sensitividade de espécies de mangue e de marisma, bem como dos ecossistemas dos quais fazem parte, os tornam extremamente vulneráveis e potenciais indicadores ambientais de mudanças de nível do mar e outras respostas às variações do clima. Entretanto, a interpretação de mudanças em manguezais e marismas e em seus atributos sistêmicos deve ser meticulosa, considerando assinatura energética, regime de distúrbios e pressões ambientais em cada local de estudo. Os potenciais de adaptação e de sobrevivência, em resposta a tais mudanças, dependem da fisiologia de cada espécie e dos processos contextuais onde reside a resiliência e a capacidade de persistir (em níveis local, de paisagem e regionais). A zona costeira deve ser alvo de medidas antecipatórias para redução de riscos por quaisquer impactos, uma vez que nela há intensa convergência de processos sociais e ecológicos. Os ecossistemas dessa zona devem ser integrados em estratégias de adaptação. O manejo costeiro deve ser embasado em mitigação pró-ativa e colaborativa de longo-termo, sempre com base em estudos ecossistêmicos e em programas de monitoramento que possam 1) prover sistema de alerta precoce; 2) preencher lacunas entre correlações simplistas que proveem inferências fracas, e abordagens baseadas em processos que levem a atribuições mais confiáveis e a melhores níveis de antecipação

Mangrove forests submitted to depositional processes and salinity variation, using satellite images and vegetation structure surveys

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Mangrove Forests and Sedimentological Processes on the South of Coast of São Paulo State (Brazil)

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Characterisation of mangrove forest types in view of conservation and management: a review of mangals at the Cananéia region, São Paulo State, Brazil

Wetlands, including mangroves, perform diverse functions, besides the production of goods and services on an ecosystem and landscape scale. The combination of functions, goods and ecological services has a fundamental importance for society. The study of physiographic types is intended to help in dealing with and understanding the function of a complex system. Complex systems are those that share four attributes: diversity of constituents, interdependence between parts, connectedness and adaptation. This study was carried out in the Cananéia region, located in the southern coast of the São Paulo State (25oS), Brazil. Data from the 1980's to 2009 on the structural development of mangrove forests of two physiographic types, fringe and basin, were analyzed to discern patterns of spatial and structural organization. The fringe forests studied in the region presented a predominance of Rhizophora mangle and high structural development due to the high inundation frequency in depositionally stable sites. Fringe forests, located in progradation areas with low tidal energy, were dominated by Laguncularia racemosa with low structural development. The basin forests are dominated by R. mangle or L. racemosa, presenting reduced structural development in function of the lower inundation frequency, a predominantly sandy substrate and low salinity. But some basin forests dominated by Avicennia schaueriana were better developed reflecting the growth characteristic of this species. The results shown here highlight the large variations in the quality and intensity of forcing functions and the structural and functional diversity allowed by the plasticity of the species involved and their capacity to interact and adjust to the environment in which they develop.(IF52011 = 0.766; IF2011 = 0.775; CHL = 7.8)SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Ecological processes and conservation of the mangrove: a review at the Cananéia Region, São Paulo State, Brazil

Présentation avec posterinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedYoung Marine Scientists’ Day Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ), 27 Novembre, Oostende, Belgiqu

Mangrove forests and sedimentary processes on the south coast of São Paulo State (Brazil)

Mangrove structure and distribution is conditioned by geomorphic processes. This paper describes the response of mangroves to sedimentary processes at the Cananéia-Iguape Coastal System on the south coast of São Paulo State (Brazil), between latitudes 24° 40'S and 25° 20'S. Within six study areas 41 plots were established along 14 transects. Plot size varied according to stem density from 2m×2m to 20m×20m. Here mangroves are strongly coupled to sedimentary processes, forming discrete architectural elements within particular depositional environments or topographic settings. These sedimentary structures and progradation environments are colonized by Laguncularia racemosa, associated with the smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora. Rhizophora mangle occurs typically near creeklets where tidal flooding is more frequent. Where tidal influence is restricted Avicennia schaueriana becomes dominant. Erosive margins are dominated by A. schaueriana or R. mangle. Single linkage cluster analysis yields three groups (A, B and C), with high levels of similarity, providing support to the classification of the data into two broad landform categories: depositional and erosive. Group A includes plots with the least structural development (nominal stem diameter dn between 1.05 and 4.61cm). Group B is composed of stems of intermediate diameter (4.99 cm ≤ dn ≤ 5.63cm). Group C plots have the largest structural development (5.50 cm ≤ dn ≤ 11.10cm). The structure of mangroves (dominance and structural development) reflects responses to geomorphology and habitat change.SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Succession of mangrove forests in depositional areas: A case study in Southeastern Brazil

Présentation avec posterinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedYoung Marine Scientists’ Day Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ), 6 mars, Brugge, Belgiqu

Monitoring structural mangrove forests over time (2001-2010)

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Analysis of mangrove forest succession, using cores: a case study in the Cananéia-Iguape Coastal System, São Paulo – Brazil

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