The Rothamsted Agricultural Experimental Station

soil reprint

Inverse Cascade Regime in Shell Models of 2-Dimensional Turbulence

We consider shell models that display an inverse energy cascade similar to 2-dimensional turbulence (together with a direct cascade of an enstrophy-like invariant). Previous attempts to construct such models ended negatively, stating that shell models give rise to a "quasi-equilibrium" situation with equipartition of the energy among the shells. We show analytically that the quasi-equilibrium state predicts its own disappearance upon changing the model parameters in favor of the establishment of an inverse cascade regime with K41 scaling. The latter regime is found where predicted, offering a useful model to study inverse cascades.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Structure of Herrin (no. 6) coal bed in Christian and Montgomery counties and adjacent parts of Fayette, Macon, Sangamon, and Shelby counties,

Reproduced from type-written copy.Bibliography: p. 18

Troubles with Bayesianism: An introduction to the psychological immune system

A Bayesian mind is, at its core, a rational mind. Bayesianism is thus well-suited to predict and explain mental processes that best exemplify our ability to be rational. However, evidence from belief acquisition and change appears to show that we do not acquire and update information in a Bayesian way. Instead, the principles of belief acquisition and updating seem grounded in maintaining a psychological immune system rather than in approximating a Bayesian processor

Enteric-Coated Fenoprofen in Large-Joint Osteoarthritis

Enteric-coated fenoprofen was compared with standard fenoprofen (Nalfon, Dista, Indianapolis, IN) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel, three-month trial of 113 outpatients (mean age, 64 years) with large-joint osteoarthritis. A previous study showed that enteric coating of fenoprofen reduces gastrointestinal microbleeding and may offer a safety advantage. Both treatments provided statistically significant improvement in pain measures (tenderness on pressure, pain at rest, pain with weight-bearing activity, and pain on passive motion). Adverse experiences were similar with both treatments and of an expected type, severity, and incidence for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Enteric-coated fenoprofen was found to be as effective and safe as standard fenoprofen for large-joint osteoarthritis

Detecting brute-force attacks on cryptocurrency wallets

Blockchain is a distributed ledger, which is protected against malicious modifications by means of cryptographic tools, e.g. digital signatures and hash functions. One of the most prominent applications of blockchains is cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. In this work, we consider a particular attack on wallets for collecting assets in a cryptocurrency network based on brute-force search attacks. Using Bitcoin as an example, we demonstrate that if the attack is implemented successfully, a legitimate user is able to prove that fact of this attack with a high probability. We also consider two options for modification of existing cryptocurrency protocols for dealing with this type of attacks. First, we discuss a modification that requires introducing changes in the Bitcoin protocol and allows diminishing the motivation to attack wallets. Second, an alternative option is the construction of special smart-contracts, which reward the users for providing evidence of the brute-force attack. The execution of this smart-contract can work as an automatic alarm that the employed cryptographic mechanisms, and (particularly) hash functions, have an evident vulnerability.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures; published versio

The Determination of Nuclear Level Densities from Experimental Information -

A novel Information Theory based method for determining the density of states from prior information is presented. The energy dependence of the density of states is determined from the observed number of states per energy interval and model calculations suggest that the method is sufficiently reliable to calculate the thermal properties of nuclei over a reasonable temperature range.Comment: 7 pages + 6 eps figures, REVTEX 3.