7 research outputs found
Distributed Hypothesis Testing with Privacy Constraints
We revisit the distributed hypothesis testing (or hypothesis testing with
communication constraints) problem from the viewpoint of privacy. Instead of
observing the raw data directly, the transmitter observes a sanitized or
randomized version of it. We impose an upper bound on the mutual information
between the raw and randomized data. Under this scenario, the receiver, which
is also provided with side information, is required to make a decision on
whether the null or alternative hypothesis is in effect. We first provide a
general lower bound on the type-II exponent for an arbitrary pair of
hypotheses. Next, we show that if the distribution under the alternative
hypothesis is the product of the marginals of the distribution under the null
(i.e., testing against independence), then the exponent is known exactly.
Moreover, we show that the strong converse property holds. Using ideas from
Euclidean information theory, we also provide an approximate expression for the
exponent when the communication rate is low and the privacy level is high.
Finally, we illustrate our results with a binary and a Gaussian example
An Alphabet of Leakage Measures
We introduce a family of information leakage measures called maximal
-leakage, parameterized by real numbers and . The
measure is formalized via an operational definition involving an adversary
guessing an unknown function of the data given the released data. We obtain a
simple, computable expression for the measure and show that it satisfies
several basic properties such as monotonicity in for a fixed ,
non-negativity, data processing inequalities, and additivity over independent
releases. Finally, we highlight the relevance of this family by showing that it
bridges several known leakage measures, including maximal -leakage
, maximal leakage , local differential
privacy , and local Renyi differential privacy
Investigating possible effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor G1661A polymorphism on asthma severity in adults
311-319Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with an important role in lung health. The
association of AhR polymorphisms with asthma severity has not been yet investigated. We analyzed the association of
G1661A, the most prevalent polymorphism of AhR, with the asthma stages in a population-based study including 555
asthmatics (Intermittent: 93, Mild: 240, Moderate: 158, and Severe: 64). The SNP was genotyped using allele-specific PCR.
Obtained data were analyzed using the Generalized-Ordered Logit Estimates. Genotypes GA (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.32-0.90,
P=0.019) and AA (OR: 0.22, CI: 0.06-0.76, P=0.017) were associated with decreased risk of Severe, Moderate, Mild vs.
Intermittent stage; and Severe, Moderate, vs. Mild, Intermittent stages respectively. However, Genotype GA (OR: 1.90, CI:
1.05-3.44, P=0.033), dominant model GA+AA (OR: 2.04, CI: 1.17-3.57, P=0.012), and allele A (OR: 1.68, CI: 1.06-2.66,
P=0.027) were associated with increased risk of Severe stage vs. Moderate, Mild, Intermittent stages. Also, male sex and
higher age were associated with an increased odds ratio for severe asthma. Furthermore, significant associations with asthma
stages were found for the interactions of the SNP and sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In conclusion, we revealed
that the mutant allele of AhR-G1661A may interact with independent variables and act as a protective factor against lower
stages of asthma but it may increase the risk of severe asthma
Liquid Phase Equilibria of Aqueous Mixtures of Carboxylic Acids (C<sub>1</sub>–C<sub>4</sub>) with Ethylbenzene: Thermodynamic and Mathematical Modeling
Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were experimentally determined
and correlated for the aqueous solutions of a series of carboxylic
acids (i.e., formic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) with ethylbenzene
at a temperature of 298.15 K and <i>p</i> = 101.32 kPa.
The ternary mixtures containing of the acids exhibit type-1 LLE behavior.
The quality of the observed tie-lines was checked using the Othmer–Tobias
equation. The correlations were carried out using the thermodynamic
and statistical modeling. The activity coefficient models of UNIQUAC
and NRTL were applied to fit the tie lines and values of the binary
interaction parameters between each pair of components were obtained.
The correlation of the tie lines was also carried out by a GMDH type-NN,
which are in agreement with those obtained experimentally. In this
work, experimental distribution coefficients and separation factors
were estimated. Moreover, the Kamlet–Taft LSER model was employed
to correlate these quantities and was interpreted in terms of intermolecular
interactions
Evaluation of intracellular anion superoxide level, heat shock protein A2 and protamine positive spermatozoa percentages in teratoasthenozoospermia
Background: Teratoasthenozoospermia (TA) is a severe form of male infertility
with no clear etiology.
Objective: To compare the level of intracellular anion superoxide (O2–), heat shock
protein A2 (HSPA2) and protamine deficiencies in ejaculated spermatozoa between
teratoasthenozoospermic and normozoospermic men.
Materials and Methods: In this case- control study, semen samples of 20 infertile
men, with TA (with normal morphology lower than 4%_ and total motility lower
than 40% ) as the case group and 20 normozoospermic fertile men as the control
group were evaluated for intracellular O2
– and HSPA2 by flow cytometry and
protamine deficiency by Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) test.
Results: The rate of CMA3+ spermatozoa in the case group was higher than
controls (p=0.001). The percentages of HSPA2+ spermatozoa in the cases were
significantly lower than controls (p=0.001). Also, intracellular O2
– levels in the case
group were significantly higher than controls (p=0.001) and had positive
correlations with sperm apoptosis (r=0.79, p=0.01) and CMA3 positive sperm
(r=0.76, p=0.01), but negative correlations with normal morphology (r=-0.81,
p=0.01) and motility (r=-0.81, p=0.01). There was no significant correlation between
intracellular O2
– and HSPA2 in the case group (r=0.041, p=0.79).
Conclusion: We suggest that the increase in intracellular O2
–, decrease in
spermatozoa HSPA2+, and high percentages of spermatozoa with immature
chromatin might be considered as etiologies of infertility in TA patient
Investigating possible effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor G1661A polymorphism on asthma severity in adults
Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with an important role in lung health. The association of AhR polymorphisms with asthma severity has not been yet investigated. We analyzed the association of G1661A, the most prevalent polymorphism of AhR, with the asthma stages in a population-based study including 555 asthmatics (Intermittent: 93, Mild: 240, Moderate: 158, and Severe: 64). The SNP was genotyped using allele-specific PCR. Obtained data were analyzed using the Generalized-Ordered Logit Estimates. Genotypes GA (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.32-0.90, P=0.019) and AA (OR: 0.22, CI: 0.06-0.76, P=0.017) were associated with decreased risk of Severe, Moderate, Mild vs. Intermittent stage; and Severe, Moderate, vs. Mild, Intermittent stages respectively. However, Genotype GA (OR: 1.90, CI: 1.05-3.44, P=0.033), dominant model GA+AA (OR: 2.04, CI: 1.17-3.57, P=0.012), and allele A (OR: 1.68, CI: 1.06-2.66, P=0.027) were associated with increased risk of Severe stage vs. Moderate, Mild, Intermittent stages. Also, male sex and higher age were associated with an increased odds ratio for severe asthma. Furthermore, significant associations with asthma stages were found for the interactions of the SNP and sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In conclusion, we revealed that the mutant allele of AhR-G1661A may interact with independent variables and act as a protective factor against lower stages of asthma but it may increase the risk of severe asthma