The "Choke" Species Challenge: Experience and Strategies from Across the "Pond"

This document provides an overview of a presentation held during the Industry and Policy Day at the IIFET 2016 Scotland conference in July 2016. The presentation was part of Session B1: Experiences from Further Afield. The session was chaired by Professor Clara Ulrich, and the presentation was given by Gil Sylvia.Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK

West Africa Fisheries and Seafood Bio-economic Assessment Model: Phase II Development Project, Model Version 6.2

Major fishery investment has recently been implemented in West Africa as part of the World Bank's West Africa Regional Fisheries Program. To support this effort the New Partnership for Africa's Development funded development of a Seafood Bio-Economic Assessment Model. The model was initially developed for Ghana, but will accommodate other West African nations. It is “user- friendly" and accessible by a wide range of stakeholders. The model incorporates all major fishery and seafood sectors including biological resources, fishing fleets, aquaculture, seafood processing, and import and export sectors, and tracks the interaction between fish resources and industry in response to changes in policy and government investment. The model calculates costs and benefits and return on investment for major changes in management, capital, technology and infrastructure. The model has been used to evaluate management and investments strategies for Ghanaian fisheries and results suggest that Ghana would increase discounted net economic benefits by $350 million over a 30 year horizon if management restricted canoes to existing numbers, halved the semi-industrial fleet, and eliminated the industrial fleet. This increase in wealth is associated with a reduction of individuals participating in the fishery but an increase in individuals participating in seafood processing. Results suggest the need to incorporate regional impacts to account for the effects of investing wealth within the broader regional and national economy. Workshop results with West African fishery stakeholders demonstrate the value of the model as a heuristic aid in educating managers and industry on integrated fishery management

The Economics of Cooperative Fishery Research: A Survey of U.S. West Coast Groundfish Industry and Scientists

Cooperative research, the active participation of industry in scientific research, is receiving increased attention as an alternative to traditional government-sponsored methods. Its strongest attributes are its potential to improve spatial and temporal collection of fishery data while reducing some research costs. Despite these potential benefits, there are obstacles to adopting cooperative research on a large scale including concerns about biased data, continuity with current data regimes, and the motivations of the participants. Acknowledging these limitations, this research examines the factors that influence industry's willingness to participate in cooperative research with fishery scientists. During summer 1998, scientists and fishermen in the U.S. West Coast groundfish fishery participated in a mail survey that asked respondents to assess several potential cooperative research projects on the basis of their perceived costs and benefits. Scientists and fishermen differed most strongly on “observer programs” and “interviewing fishermen to gather qualitative data.” The survey also included hypothetical scenarios where fishing vessels would be chartered for research. Fishermen assigned a "desirability" score and "willingness to supply" their vessel for research as a function of varying levels of compensation, days at sea, consultation into the design and conduct of the research, and other factors. Based on a utility of profit supply model, results were analyzed using ordinary least squares. Compensation and skipper consultation had the largest effect on the charter's desirability and respondents' willingness to supply. Age, education, and gear type also significantly affected fishermen's willingness to participate in the charters. These results suggest significant problems in the manner in which scientists and industry relate. Addressing these problems will require developing institutions with appropriate incentives that emphasize "win-win" scenarios for both groups.Keywords: cooperative research, fishery management

The exponential ordering for nonautonomous delay systems with applications to compartmental Nicholson systems

Producción CientíficaThe exponential ordering is exploited in the context of nonautonomous delay systems, inducing monotone skew-product semiflows under less restrictive conditions than usual. Some dynamical concepts linked to the order, such as semiequilibria, are considered for the exponential ordering, with implications for the determination of the presence of uniform persistence or the existence of global attractors. Also, some important conclusions on the long-term dynamics and attraction are obtained for monotone and sublinear delay systems for this ordering. The results are then applied to almost periodic Nicholson systems and new conditions are given for the existence of a unique almost periodic positive solution which asymptotically attracts every other positive solution.The first three authors were partly supported by MICIIN/FEDER project RTI2018- 096523-B-I00 and by Universidad de Valladolid under project PIP-TCESC-2020. The fourth author was partly supported by MICINN/FEDER under projects RTI2018-096523-B-I00 and PGC2018-097565-B-I0

Migration and Development in Chile. Migratory responses to economic crisis and growth cycles, 1992-2012

[spa] Se analiza la interrelación entre los flujos migratorios y las fases de crecimiento -iniciada en los años 90- y decrecimiento económico -crisis de la industria salmonera entre los años 2007 y 2010- en Chile, tomando la región de Los Lagos como caso de estudio. Los temas abordados son los siguientes: características de la migración interna y su relación con el crecimiento económico regional; los cambios en las tendencias migratorias ante las fases de desarrollo y crisis en la región y, finalmente, la dinámica de la migración por edades y su impacto en las comunas. Para el análisis se utiliza los microdatos de los censos de población y vivienda de los años 1992, 2002 y 2012, este último no validado oficialmente pero que se puede utilizar para fines estadísticos

Market Based Environmental Standards for Sustainable Fisheries

Many fisheries management agencies struggle with developing management frameworks that can deliver sustainable fisheries. Over fishing, by-catch of non-target fish species, marine mammals, seabirds, and damage to benthic habitats remain serious problems. Management methods based on traditional command and control approaches may meet with initial successes yet additional progress is often marginal requiring managers to implement additional regulations to achieve improvements in environmental performance. In contrast to the terrestrial environment, few policymakers in the marine environment have actively experimented with market-based policy tools for controlling fishing impacts on the marine environment. This institutional inertia is due to poorly developed property rights for marine resources and habitats, institutional constraints, paucity of relevant policy models, and lack of political will and institutional creativity. Developing rights based standards for large scale aspects of marine ecosystems may be perceived as technically too difficult, politically too challenging, and legally in conflict with public trust doctrine. Despite these barriers, market-based standards, particularly in the context of rights-based systems such as dedicated access privileges, are potentially powerful instruments for addressing environmental externalities in the marine environment. This paper identifies market-based approaches used in terrestrial contexts that have potential for managing the environmental impacts of fishing. It explores key issues in the use of market based environmental standards in fisheries management and demonstrates through case studies how the use of market-base approaches can enhance traditional command and control approaches to environmental standards for fisheries

Construcción de redes sociales en el lugar de destino: las experiencias de venezolanos, colombianos y españoles en una ciudad intermedia de Chile

Se analiza la construcción, por parte de inmigrantes internacionales, de redes sociales en el país de destino, y las características de estas redes según el país de origen. Se estudia el caso de tres colectivos residentes en Chile, utilizando metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas, que se analizan mediante análisis narrativo. Los resultados muestran que quienes tienden a incorporarse con mayor rapidez en el lugar de destino, suelen establecer redes de vínculos débiles. Por el contrario, quienes tienen más dificultades para incorporarse en el lugar de destino, o lo hacen solo parcialmente, establecen redes densas más cerradas en lo cultural

Heterogeneidad de la inmigración internacional reciente en Chile. Una aproximación a tres grupos nacionales a partir de datos de encuesta

La inmigración internacional en Chile ha aumentado progresivamente a partir del año 2001, y a partir del año 2010 se ha diversificado en cuanto al país de origen de los inmigrantes, incrementándose la llegada de personas desde países de Centro y Sur América, entre los que destacan Colombia, Haití y Venezuela. El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar aspectos demográficos, así como la situación socioeconómica y laboral de la población de estos tres países en comparación con la población chilena y con la población inmigrante total. Al declararse inválidos los resultados del Censo chileno de 2012, se ha utilizado en este estudio los microdatos de la encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica (CASEN) 2015, cuya muestra permite obtener datos sobre inmigrantes. Los resultados muestran la diversidad que existe entre las poblaciones inmigrantes de los tres países analizados, y el riesgo de exclusión social en la que se encuentran algunas poblaciones extranjeras en Chile

Alterations in the abundance and co-occurrence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease subjects

This work was funded by the Universitat de Girona projects MPCUdG2016-009 and GdRCompetUdG2017, and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through projects SAF2006-00414, SAF2010-15896 and SAF2013-43284-P, being the last co-funded by the European Regional Development. Dr. Sylvia H. Duncan acknowledges support from the Scottish Government Research and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Bioeconomics of Soft Shell Crab: Evaluating the Impacts of Changing Season Length in Oregon's Dungeness Crab Fishery

The Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) fishery is one of the most valuable single species fishery in Oregon, with an average annual ex-vessel value of $45 million from 2004-2014. The fishery is managed using a "3-S" (minimum retention size, male retention only, season length) management paradigm. In addition, fleet capacity has been restricted since 1996, and a system of three tiers of pot limits was implemented in 2006. While a significant literature exists on the biology of the Dungeness crab, and despite the fishery's economic importance to the West coast of the U.S., relatively little is known about either the population dynamics of this stock, the economic behavior of the crab fleet, impacts of crab discards on future catch and biomass, and the economic performance of the fishery relative to its potential. To help us better understand the interaction of the biological stock and industry behavior we develop a bioeconomic model of the Oregon Dungeness crab fishery. The model combines an empirically estimated duration model of intra-season vessel exit behavior with a cohort-based biological representation of the crab stock into a bioeconomic simulation model. Using a Monte Carlo framework, we then examine the potential economic impacts of adjusting: 1) effort levels throughout the season, and 2) season length and timing. The economic performance of the fishery under its current management structure is then compared to the potential performance of the fishery under alternate management options.Proceedings of the Eighteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, held July 11-15, 2016 at Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Center (AECC), Aberdeen, Scotland, UK