ADHESION AND BIOFILM FORMATION BY PERIODONTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA ON DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL BRACKETS

Objective. To compare early bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro by common and uncommon periodontal pathogens on a variety of commercial brackets. Matherials and Methods Adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro of 4 bacterial strains on 15 different commercial brackets, in standard culture mediums complemented or not with either serum or human saliva was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR after extraction of bacterial DNA. Results. Materials significantly influenced bacterial adhesiveness in a species specific way. Titanium and gold brackets constantly yielded the lowest values with all tested bacteria and in all tested conditions. Bracket materials and medium of growth significantly influenced biofilm formation. Conclusions. Materials and environmental conditions significantly influence biofilm formation by periodontal pathogens at the surface of brackets. Whenever possible brackets should be kept far from the gingival margin and if this is not possible, brackets made of gold, titanium, and ceramic should be preferentially used

ADHESION AND BIOFILM FORMATION BY ORAL STREPTOCOCCI ON DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL BRACKETS

Objective. To compare early bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro by different oral streptococci on a variety of commercial brackets Materials and Methods. Adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro of 6 Streptococcus spp. on 15 different commercial brackets, in standard culture medium and in human saliva was evaluated by the MTT reduction assay. Results. Significant differences were evidenced in both early adhesion and biofilm formation among the studied brackets and between the two conditions of growth. Gold brackets resulted less prone to colonization, while composites brackets were the most prone ones. The rates of growth of the different tested species on the different tested materials were significantly different. Conclusions. The adopted experimental plan, dissecting the two phases of plaque formation on different brackets in different conditions, showed that composite brackets are more susceptible to adhesion and colonization by streptococci, while the remaining tested brackets do not show differences that could be clinically relevant. Data suggest that different personal behaviors affecting the oral environment could significantly affect colonization of brackets by cariogenic bacteria

Epidemiology and Surgical Management of Foreign Bodies in the Liver in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Retention of foreign bodies (FB) in the liver parenchyma is a rare event in children but it can bring a heavy burden in terms of immediate and long-term complications. Multiple materials can migrate inside the liver. Clinical manifestations may vary, depending on the nature of the foreign body, its route of penetration and timing after the initial event. Moreover, the location of the FB inside the liver parenchyma may pose specific issues related to the possible complications of a challenging surgical extraction. Different clinical settings and the need for highly specialized surgical skills may influence the overall management of these children. Given the rarity of this event, a systematic review of the literature on this topic was conducted and confirmed the pivotal role of surgery in the pediatric population

Epidemiology and Surgical Management of Foreign Bodies in the Liver in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Retention of foreign bodies (FB) in the liver parenchyma is a rare event in children but it can bring a heavy burden in terms of immediate and long-term complications. Multiple materials can migrate inside the liver. Clinical manifestations may vary, depending on the nature of the foreign body, its route of penetration and timing after the initial event. Moreover, the location of the FB inside the liver parenchyma may pose specific issues related to the possible complications of a challenging surgical extraction. Different clinical settings and the need for highly specialized surgical skills may influence the overall management of these children. Given the rarity of this event, a systematic review of the literature on this topic was conducted and confirmed the pivotal role of surgery in the pediatric population

Italian multicenter study on infection hazards during dental practice: Control of environmental microbial contamination in public dental surgeries

Background. The present study assessed microbial contamination in Italian dental surgeries. Methods. An evaluation of water, air and surface microbial contamination in 102 dental units was carried out in eight Italian cities. Results. The findings showed water microbial contamination in all the dental surgeries; the proportion of water samples with microbial levels above those recommended decreased during working. With regard to Legionella spp., the proportion of positive samples was 33.3%. During work activity, the index of microbial air contamination (IMA) increased. The level of microbial accumulation on examined surfaces did not change over time. Conclusion. These findings confirm that some Italian dental surgeries show high biocontamination, as in other European Countries, which highlights the risk of occupational exposure and the need to apply effective measures to reduce microbial loads