13 research outputs found

    Spectroscopie dans le proche infra-rouge et prédiction de la teneur en lipides du filet de poulet

    No full text
    National audienc

    Contrôle de la calcification de la coquille selon différentes sources de vitamine D3 : régulation des transferts de calcium et des protéines de la matrice organique dans l'uterus

    No full text
    National audienceLa coquille d'oeuf de poule est un biominéral complexe composé de 95 % de carbonate de calcium et de 3,5 % de matrice organique qui influence sa structure et ses propriétés mécaniques. Le calcium nécessaire à sa formation est précisément régulé et stocké par différents organes pour permettre la biominéralisation de la coquille de l'oiseau. Le rôle de la vitamine D et de ses métabolites reste peu étudié au niveau de l'utérus où se produit la calcification de l'oeuf. Dans cette étude, nous avons étudié l'impact de la vitamine D3 (Cholécalciférol) et de sa forme intermédiaire hydroxylée (25-hydroxycholécalciférol) sur les mécanismes de formation de la coquille dans l'utérus de poule. Pour ce faire, nous avons nourri des poules de souche chair avec les 2 formes de vitamine D3 à des doses équivalentes, soit 3200 UI. L'analyse de l'expression des gènes dans l'utérus montrent que 34 gènes, codant pour les transporteurs d'ions qui permettent l'apport des minéraux nécessaires à la formation de la coquille, et 13 gènes codant les protéines de la matrice organique, sont significativement surexprimés, lorsque les oiseaux étaient nourris avec la 25-OH-D3. Les protéines de la matrice organique de la coquille ont été quantifiées par protéomique quantitative et l'utilisation de la forme hydroxylée a montré des différences significatives dans l'abondance de 55 protéines de la matrice organique associées à la biominéralisation. En conclusion, la vitamine D3 est un acteur important de la biominéralisation de la coquille d'oeuf aviaire et sa forme d'apport va influencer directement la structure et les propriétés mécanistiques de ce biomatériau

    Use of fluorescence front face technique for measurement of lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage of chicken meat

    No full text
    International audienceLipid oxidation in chicken breast was measured during refrigerated storage in air by front face fluorescence and by thiobarbituric acid techniques. Three chicken genotypes were compared: Standard (fast-growing line), Certified (medium-growing line) and Label (slow-growing line). Lipid oxidation was stable during the first 3 days of storage and then increased in the certified and label animal groups. Standard animals were verb stable towards lipid oxidation. This study showed a good correlation between fluorescence intensity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances measurements. Front face fluorescence technique can be used as a valuable index of lipid oxidation in chicken meat

    Re-expression of early myogenic factors at the onset of muscle defects in standard chickens

    No full text
    National audienceFast-growing chicken strains show muscle defects that strongly penalize meat quality. The most commonly reported are the White Striping (WS) and Wooden Breast (WB) defects, which involve processes of degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers accompanied by an excessive development of extracellular matrix. Our objective was to follow the evolution from incubation to slaughter (E17, D0, D6, D21, D36) of the gene expression of the main myogenic factors and differentiation markers involved in muscle formation and regeneration: Pax7 and Myf5, satellite cell and myoblast proliferation markers, respectively; MyoD involved in proliferation and commitment to differentiation of myoblasts into myocytes; myogenin involved in fusion of myocytes into myotubes; several myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms whose expression evolves during growth in connection with the establishment of contractile and metabolic properties of muscle; several proteins (TGFβ, PDGFRA, COL6A3, FN1) involved in the development of extracellular connective matrix. Our results clarify the cellular mechanisms involved in the establishment of muscle defects in chicken and identify new potential markers for their diagnosis and prevention.Les souches de poulet à croissance rapide présentent des défauts musculaires qui pénalisent fortement la qualité de la viande. Les deux principaux sont les défauts White Striping (WS) et Wooden Breast (WB) qui impliquent des processus de dégénérescence et régénération des fibres musculaires accompagnés d’un développement excessif de matrice extracellulaire. Notre objectif était de suivre l’évolution dès l’incubation jusqu’à l’abattage (E17, J0, J6, J21, J36) de l’expression génique des principaux facteurs myogéniques et marqueurs de différenciation impliqués dans la formation et la régénération du muscle : Pax7 et Myf5, respectivement marqueurs des cellules satellites et de prolifération des myoblastes ; MyoD impliqué dans la prolifération et l’engagement dans la différentiation des myoblastes en myocytes ; la Myogénine qui intervient lors de la fusion des myocytes en myotubes ; plusieurs isoformes de chaines lourdes de myosine (MyHC) dont l’expression évolue au cours de la croissance en lien avec l’établissement des propriétés contractiles et métaboliques du muscle ; plusieurs protéines (TGFβ, PDGFRA, COL6A3, FN1) impliquées dans la mise en place de la matrice extracellulaire. Nos résultats précisent les mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans l’établissement des défauts musculaires chez le poulet et identifient de nouveaux marqueurs potentiels pour leur diagnostic et leur prévention

    Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 provided during embryonic development and starting and growing periods on pecking behaviour of Muscovy ducks

    No full text
    Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 provided during embryonic development and starting and growing periods on pecking behaviour of Muscovy ducks. X. European Symposium on Poultry Welfar

    Consequence of muscle hypertrophy on characteristics of Pectoralis major muscle and breast meat quality of broiler chickens

    No full text
    International audienceThe structural and metabolic characteristics of the pectoralis major (P. major) muscle (i.e., breast muscle) and the quality of the resulting meat were studied in relation to breast muscle fiber development in broiler chickens. Six hundred birds originating from a commercial, grand parental, male heavy line (Hubbard-Europe, Chateaubourg, France) were kept under conventional breeding methods until their usual marketing age of 6 wk. For all birds, the plasma creatine kinase activity and the P. major muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), glycolytic potential, lactate content, pH at 15 min postmortem, as well as the ultimate pH, CIELAB color parameters [lightness ( L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*)], and drip loss of breast meat, were measured. Increased breast weight and yield were associated with increased fiber CSA, reduced muscle glycolytic potential, and reduced lactate content at 15 min postmortem. Therefore, P. major muscle exhibiting larger fiber CSA exhibited greater pH at 15 min postmortem and ultimate pH, produced breast meat with lower L* and reduced drip loss, and was potentially better adapted to further processing than muscle exhibiting small fiber CSA

    Effet des acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 apportés au cours du développement embryonnaire et des périodes de démarrage et croissance sur le comportement de picage des canards de Barbarie

    No full text
    In rearing, ducks can express unwanted behaviours such as nervousness and feather pecking. Numerous studiesrealised with humans and rodent models showed a positive effect of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3(LC PUFA n-3) on the brain development and functioning. The aim of this trial was to test the possibility ofdecreasing the pecking behaviour of Muscovy duck in rearing by providing LC PUFA n-3 during embryonicand/or post hatch development of ducklings. The enrichment of eggs and thus embryos in LC PUFA n-3 wasrealized by feeding female ducks with a diet containing docosahexaenoic (DHA) and linolenic acids (microalgaeand linseed oil). A control group of female ducks was fed with a diet containing linoleic acid (soya oil). Afterhatching, starting and growing diets were also either enriched with DHA and linolenic acid, or with linoleic acid.Several behaviour tests were realized between 1 and 3 weeks of age to analyze the adaptation capacity ofducklings. The growth performance, time budget, social interactions, feathering kinetic and pecking behaviour,were regularly recorded during the rearing period of ducklings. We found no significant interaction between thetwo factors. Ducklings issued from female ducks fed a diet enriched with n-3 FA had higher body weight at D0,D28 and D56, lower feed conversion ratio for the growing period and lower reactivity to stress than ducklingsissued from female ducks fed a diet enriched with n-6 FA. The enrichment with LC PUFA n-3 of diet distributedto female ducks reduced the frequency and the gravity of feather pecking of offspring. Moreover, diets enrichedwith LC PUFA n-3 and distributed during the starting and growing periods had positive effects on bonemineralization of ducklings and FA composition of thigh muscles measured at 84 days of age.En élevage, les canards peuvent exprimer des comportements délétères tels que le nervosisme et le picage. De nombreux travaux conduits chez l’homme et des modèles rongeurs ont montré un effet positif des acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 à longue chaîne (AGPI n-3 LC) sur le développement et le fonctionnement du cerveau.L’objectif de cet essai est de tester la possibilité de diminuer le comportement de picage du canard de Barbarie en élevage en apportant des AGPI n-3 LC au cours du développement soit embryonnaire soit post-natal des canetons, en croisant ces deux facteurs. L’enrichissement des oeufs et donc des embryons en AGPI n-3 LC est réalisé en alimentant les canes avec un régime contenant les acides docosahexaénoique (DHA) et linolénique (microalgues et huile de lin). Un lot témoin de canes est alimenté avec un régime contenant de l’acide linoléique (huile de soja). Après éclosion, les aliments démarrage et croissance sont aussi soit enrichis avec du DHA et de l’acide linolénique, soit avec de l’acide linoléique. Plusieurs tests de comportement sont réalisés entre 1 et 3 semaines pour analyser la capacité d’adaptation des canetons. Les performances de croissance, le budget temps, les interactions sociales, la cinétique d’emplumement et le comportement de picage sont enregistrés régulièrement au cours de la période d’élevage des canetons. Aucune interaction entre les deux facteurs n’est observée. Les canetons issus des canes alimentées avec un régime enrichi en AG n-3 ont un poids vif supérieur à J0, J28 et J56, un indice de consommation, pour la période de croissance, inférieur et une moindre réactivité au stress. Ils présentent également une fréquence et une gravité du picage moindres. De plus, l’aliment enrichi en AGPI n-3 LC, distribué pendant les périodes de démarrage et de croissance, a un effet positif sur la minéralisation osseuse des canards et sur le profil en acides gras des muscles de la cuisse mesurés à 84 jours

    Analysis of a slow-growing line reveals wide genetic variability of carcass and meat quality-related traits

    No full text
    Abstract Background Slow-growing lines are widely used in France for the production of high quality free-range chickens. While such production is mainly dedicated to the whole carcass market, new prospects are opening up for the development of cuts and processed products. Whether the body composition and meat quality of slow-growing birds can be improved by selection has thus become an important issue. The genetic parameters of growth, body composition and breast meat quality traits were evaluated in relation to behaviour at slaughter in a large pedigree population including 1022 male and female slow-growing birds. Results The heritability coefficients (h2) of body weight and body composition traits varied from 0.3 to 0.5. Abdominal fat percentage was genetically positively correlated with body weight but negatively correlated with breast muscle yield. The characteristics of the breast meat (i.e., post-mortem fall in pH, colour, drip loss, shear-force and lipid content) were all heritable, with h2 estimates ranging from 0.18 to 0.48. The rate and extent of the fall in pH were under different genetic control. Strong negative genetic correlations were found between the ultimate pH and the lightness, yellowness and drip loss of the meat. Wing flapping on the shackle line was significantly heritable and exhibited marked genetic correlations with the pH at 15 min post-slaughter and the redness of the meat. The genetic relationships between meat quality traits, body weight and body composition appeared slightly different between males and females. Conclusion This study suggested that there are a number of important criteria for selection on carcass and breast meat quality in slow-growing birds. Selection for reduced abdominal fatness and increased breast muscle yield should be effective as both traits were found to be highly heritable and favourably correlated. Substantial improvement in meat quality could be achieved by selection on ultimate pH which was highly heritable and strongly correlated with the colour and water-holding capacity of the meat. Moreover, this study revealed for the first time that the behaviour at slaughter is partly genetically determined in the chicken.</p
    corecore