Paid Leave in Private Industry Over the Past 20 Years

[Excerpt] Paid leave was the most prevalent employee benefit provided by employers in private industry throughout the United States in 2012. Eighty-four percent of private industry workers received vacation, holiday, or personal leave. Seventy-two percent of workers received both paid holidays and paid vacations, and 61 percent were covered by sick leave plans. For employers, the cost for providing these benefits to employees was $1.98 per hour worked, and these benefits made up 6.9 percent of total compensation. The eligibility for paid leave has undergone change over the past 20 years. While fewer workers enjoy paid vacations, employers are increasingly providing access to sick leave, personal leave, and family leave. Also, by comparison, the employer cost per employee hour worked for paid leave was$1.09 or 6.8 percent of total compensation in March 1992. This issue of BEYOND THE NUMBERS looks at the changes in employer costs and in different paid leave benefits for private industry workers over the past two decades. These benefits include paid leave for holidays, vacations, sick, personal, funeral, jury duty, military, and family

Титульні сторінки

In an effort to combat the complexity and uncertainty that comes with megainfrastructure development, planners often seek to simplify the process and scope of their projects, making plans that consist of rigid sequential steps. The question is how this approach influences planners’ responsiveness to uncertainty and complexity in megaproject decision making and planning. To answer this question I introduce two concepts: adaptive capacity and strategic capacity. I develop these concepts and apply them to three large infrastructure projects in the Netherlands in order to analyze the potential of these projects to deal with change and inertia. In this paper I first look at the concepts individually and then link them together. This shows that, to be successful, planning needs to navigate a project through uncertainty and complexity and that it is important that these concepts are taken into consideration

The Economic Determinants of Domestic Terrorism in the United States

This paper studies the economic determinants of domestic terrorism in the United States using a panel dataset of the fifty states and the District of Columbia from 1980 to 2005. The results suggest that individual economic wellbeing factors and predictive economic variables are significant economic determinants. However, economic variables are not major determinants of domestic terrorism

Inspectie-interval is geen toeval – vermoeiing van bruggen (2) : bepalingsmethode voor stalen brugdekken

Het verstrijken van de vermoeiingslevensduur vna stalen verkeersbruggen stelt beheerders ervan voor een aantal dilemma's. Wanneer moet ik de eerste inspectie laten plaatsvinden en bij welke details? Wat is het inspectie-interval voor voldoende veiligheidsniveau? Als er een scheur gevonden wordt, hoeveel tijd heb ik om een reparatie uit te voeren? Welke inspectiemethode moet ik toepas-sen? Dit artikel geeft een (berekenings)methode om een gefundeerd antwoord te kunnen geven op deze vragen

Renaturing the city: Factors contributing to upscaling green schoolyards in Amsterdam and The Hague

To increase urban climate resilience, the renaturing of cities plays an important role. One strategy is the greening of schoolyards to increase climate resilience and bring additional benefits such as nature education and a healthy environment. While these are small projects, they could make a significant impact if they can be upscaled. With the intent of identifying the local barriers to the upscaling of green schoolyards, this research applies an upscaling framework to analyze and compare two initiatives that incentivize the greening of schoolyards by providing funds to local schools in Amsterdam and The Hague. There is not one barrier but a combination that seems to prevent upscaling, so it is a combination of factors that prevents the successful up-taking of green schoolyards: lack of environmental awareness, difficulties in acquiring monetary funds, lack of time and expertise from the demand-side, complexity of the bureaucratic processes, and lack of political will