Thermoregulation and Rate of Body Warming During Warm Water (40℃) Immersion in Female Children and Adults

Resort operators often do not allow children to use hot tubs/whirlpools because of the general belief that children cannot tolerate even a short exposure to warm water (40℃). This belief is based on body size characteristics and under developed thermoregulatory responses of children. Therefore, we measured anthropometric, thermoregulatory, and immersion time required to increase core temperature at 38.5℃, on 14 female subjects (7-23 years). All subjects tolerated 10 minutes of immersion safely, but indicated they would have voluntarily exited the water earlier. Warming rates were somewhat related to body type, but did not depend on age. Healthy female children (\u3e7 years) could therefore safely tolerate 5 to 10 minutes of warm water immersion with adult supervision

Cationic polyelectrolytes: A new look at their possible roles as opsonins, as stimulators of respiratory burst in leukocytes, in bacteriolysis, and as modulators of immune-complex diseases (A review hypothesis)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44497/1/10753_2004_Article_BF00915991.pd

The First Example of a μ 2 -Imido Functionality Bound to a Lanthanide Metal Center: X-ray Crystal Structure and DFT Study of [(μ-ArN)Sm(μ-NHAr)(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3)

International audienceReaction of 3 equiv of 2,6-diisopropylaniline with Sm[N(SiMe3)2]3 affords the dimeric species [Sm(NHAr)3]2 (1). X-ray crystallography illustrates that each metal center in 1 engages in an η6-arene interaction with the aryl ring of an amide ligand attached to an adjacent samarium. IR spectroscopy indicates that the π-arene interactions are maintained in solution. Reaction of 1 with 4 equiv of trimethylaluminum leads to formation of the bis(μ2-imido) complex [(μ-ArN)Sm(μ-NHAr)(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (2). The molecular structure of 2 contains a unique central Sm2N2 core which displays extremely short bridging Sm−N distances of 2.152(8) and 2.271(7) Å, characteristic of an imido complex. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out in order to gain a better understanding of the nature of the bonding interactions within complex 2 and indicate that the 5d metal acceptor orbitals play a significant role in stabilizing π-donation from the imido groups to the samarium centers within the Sm2N2 core