Letter from Gierke to Senator Langer Regarding Fort Berthold Reservation, January 13, 1948

This letter dated January 13, 1948, from WF Gierke to United States Senator William Langer, Gierke discusses the economic and social conditions of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation. He states that there has not been much trouble on the Reservation and that Langer should contact the Tribes personally for a more authentic report. Gierke also states that taxpayer\u27s money should not be given directly and that instead, the Tribes should be given proper instruction. See also: Letter from Senator Langer to WF Gierke Regarding Fort Berthold Reservation, February 12, 1948https://commons.und.edu/langer-papers/1492/thumbnail.jp

Letter from WF Gierke to Senator Langer Regarding Fort Berthold Reservation, December 22, 1947

This letter dated December 22, 1947, from WF Gierke to United Stated Senator William Langer, Gierke states that he is a rancher who has been around the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation for thirty years. He goes on to say that the Reservation is in poorer condition than when he first encountered them. He explains his belief that the tribal members are capable but must be taught the ways of market economies and the Reservation should be run like a giant ranch. See also: Letter from Senator Langer to WF Gierke Regarding Fort Berthold Reservation, January 6, 1948https://commons.und.edu/langer-papers/1495/thumbnail.jp

A Seascape Genetics Approach to Studying Genetic Differentiation in the Bull Kelp Nereocystis Luetkeana

The brown alga Nereocystis luetkeana is a foundation species found from Alaska to California. In the Salish Sea, N. luetkeana is declining, but little is known about its population structure. We explored N. luetkeana 1) allelic dissimilarity and richness using seven microsatellite markers, and 2) tested models of gene flow in the Salish Sea using a hydrodynamic transport model. Our results suggest that the N. luetkeana distribution is comprised of four genetic co-ancestry groups that are geographically coherent, apart from the separation of the Strait of Georgia/Puget Sound by the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Our model supported that environmental variables and oceanographic currents affect gene flow and population connectivity in the Salish Sea. Removal of geography and similarity of allelic identity and richness revealed that northern and southern sites were members of one cluster, supporting northern and southern refugia served as ancestral sources of modern-day genetic diversity

A Series of Figure Drawings

It is the purpose of this study to create a series of figure drawings by means of experimentation with various materials and techniques, with a brief study on artists and their need and potential to delve in fantasies and mystical realms, just as the candidate will do in certain stages of development

Impedance of a sphere oscillating in an elastic medium with and without slip

The dynamic impedance of a sphere oscillating in an elastic medium is considered. Oestreicher's formula for the impedance of a sphere bonded to the surrounding medium can be expressed simply in terms of three lumped impedances associated with the displaced mass and the longitudinal and transverse waves. If the surface of the sphere slips while the normal velocity remains continuous, the impedance formula is modified by adjusting the definition of the transverse impedance to include the interfacial impedance.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Letter from H. F. Gierke, Jr. Regarding Lack of Progress in Moving and Logging in Area to be Inundated by Garrison Dam, June 18, 1950

This letter, dated June 18, 1950, from H. F. Gierke of Watford City, North Dakota to United States (US) Senator William Langer takes issue with the fact that, in his words, The Indians [...] are anxious to move but are forced to waste a yr [sic] because Govt want [sic] tell them where the new agency will be located, where the roads [...] schools, churches etc will be. Gierke adds that the bottomlands on the Fort Berthold Reservation are rich in timber, but that none of it has been salvaged yet, and that such salvage is hampered by the absence of roads into the bottomlands, and asks, Now, and I mean Now...Why don\u27t they lay out the towns, roads, schools, wells and bulldoze roads into these bottoms so the Indians who have ambition can go ahead. Gierke goes on to render his opinion that offering Farmer\u27s Home Administration loans to tribal members for farm machinery is financial suicide, as, he says, I don\u27t believe there is an Indian on the reservation who can even lubricate a tractor, not because of lack of intelligence, but because of lack of instruction. In conclusion he replies to Langer\u27s question on the telephone situation, writing [W]e have none we would be glad to have one if we can get even 1/2 of a fair price for our produce so we can pay for it. In the upper right-hand corner is a handwritten notation that appears to read This guy is dangerou . Below the text are the notations tele , answer in abs and Make copy for Dell. See also: Letter from Irene Martin for Langer to H. E. Gierke Regarding Situation at Forth Berthold, June 27, 1950https://commons.und.edu/langer-papers/1989/thumbnail.jp

Letter from H. F. Gierke, Jr. to Representative Burdick Regarding Money Paid to the Three Affiliated Tribes and the Relocation of the Agency, March 15, 1952

This letter, dated March 15, 1952, from H. F. Gierke Jr. of Watford City, North Dakota to United States (US) Representative Usher Burdick remarks on the call for an investigation of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Reservation and discusses several issues related to the Three Affiliated Tribes. Gierke says that he owns land on the reservation and therefore has an interest in happenings on the reservation. Gierke talks about how he sees tribal members on the reservation spending their money and talks about land sales. He also comments on the location of the new agency, presumably the Indian Agency. See also: Letter from Representative Burdick to H. F. Gierke, Jr. Informing of an April 4 Hearing That Will Address Complaints Made by Members of the Three Affiliated Tribes and Others Including Those Made by Gierke, March 24, 1952https://commons.und.edu/burdick-papers/1147/thumbnail.jp

Letter from H.F. Gierke, Jr. to Representative Burdick Regarding Questions He Wishes to See Addressed at April 4 Hearing, March 28, 1952

This letter, dated March 28, 1952, from H. F. Gierke, Jr. of Watford City, North Dakota to United States (US) Representative Usher Burdick includes some questions that Gierke thinks need to be addressed at the April 4 hearing investigating complaints from Three Affiliated Tribes members. Gierke\u27s questions pertain to wells that were drilled for water, extraction of timber from the area to be flooded by completion of the Garrison Dam, improvement of prospective homes, and the location of the new Indian Agency. See also: Letter from Representative Burdick to H. F. Gierke, Jr. Informing of an April 4 Hearing That Will Address Complaints Made by Members of the Three Affiliated Tribes and Others Including Those Made by Gierke, March 24, 1952https://commons.und.edu/burdick-papers/1151/thumbnail.jp