Провинция с великой историей: музейный пейзаж памяти Сандомира

Сандомир – один из примеров города, с течением времени терявшего свои функции. В XI в. он был одной из столиц Королевства Польского, в XIII в. – столицей княжества, в XIV в. до разделов Речи Посполитой – столицей огромного воеводства. В 1816–1837 гг. существовала Сандомирская губерния, но ее столицей стал Радом. С тех пор Сандомир был административным центром области, а позже и по сей день сильно усеченного повята (района). Это интересное явление было даже подробно описано, но в основном с точки зрения истории управления и геополитической истории. Чтобы осветить аспекты памяти об этой странице истории города, в данной статье используется категория музейного ландшафта, формируемого культурными учреждениями Сандомира. Сандомирские музеи способствуют сохранению памяти уже более ста лет. Пейзаж памяти – это элемент дискурса посетителей провинциальных музеев. Он имеет широкие хронологические и институциональные границы, но удален от столичных центров.Sandomierz jest jednym z najlepszych przykładów znacznych ośrodków o zdegradowanych funkcjach. W XI wieku był jedną z kilku siedzib (stolic) Królestwa Polskiego, w XIII wieku stolicą księstwa, w XIV wieku do rozbiorów Rzeczpospolitej – stolicą ogromnego województwa, uszczuplonego już w końcu XV wieku. W latach 1816–1837 funkcjonowało województwo sandomierskie, ale jego stolicą został Radom. Odtąd z Sandomierza zarządzany był tylko obwód, a później, do dzisiaj jedynie mocno okrojony powiat. Te ciekawe przemiany doczekały się nawet opracowań, ale pisanych z punktu widzenia historii administracji i dziejów geopolitycznych. Niniejszy artykuł w celu ukazania aspektu pamięci o tej wielkiej, lecz zdegradowanej historii miasta, posługuje się kategorią pejzażu muzealnego, obecnego w instytucjach kultury Sandomierza. Muzea sandomierskie stosują praktyki w zakresie zachowania pamięci już od stu kilkunastu lat. Pejzaż pamięci jest elementem dyskursu z odbiorcą – użytkownikiem muzeów o wymiarze prowincjonalnym. Jest szeroki pod względem chronologicznym i instytucjonalnym, ale prowadzony jest z daleka od metropolitalnych centrów.Sandomierz is a city with a long history, which gradually lost its former functions. In the 9th century, it was one of the capitals of The Kingdom of Poland; in the 13th century, it was the capital of the Duchy of Sandomierz; from the 14th century until the end of the the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Partition of Poland, it was the capital of the Sandomierz Voivodeship. In 1816–1837, there existed the Sandomierz Governorate but its capital was Radom. Since then Sandomierz has been the administrative centre of the region – Sandomierz County (powiat), whose territory was considerably reduced. The case of Sandomierz is of interest for the studies of the history of governance and geopolitical history. The article relies on the concept of museum landscape, which consists of cultural institutions of a town or city, to analyze the aspects of memory in relation to Sandomierz’s history. Sandomierz museums have been playing a key role in the preservation of local memory for more than a hundred years. The memorative landscape is part of the discourse shared by visitors to provincial museums. Such landscape has broad chronological and institutional boundaries and exists at a certain distance from the metropolitan centres

Determination of the map of efficiency of the J-PET detector with the GATE package

A novel PET detector consisting of strips of polymer scintillators is being developed by the J-PET Collaboration. The map of efficiency and the map of geometrical acceptance of the 2-strip J-PET scanner are presented. Map of efficiency was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation software GATE based on GEANT4. Both maps were compared using method based on the chi2 test.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, proceeding from conference Symposium on Positron Emission Tomography: http://koza.if.uj.edu.pl/pet-symposium-2013

Crystallographic structure of ultrathin Fe films on Cu(100)

We report bcc-like crystal structures in 2-4 ML Fe films grown on fcc Cu(100) using scanning tunneling microscopy. The local bcc structure provides a straightforward explanation for their frequently reported outstanding magnetic properties, i.e., ferromagnetic ordering in all layers with a Curie temperature above 300 K. The non-pseudomorphic structure, which becomes pseudomorphic above 4 ML film thickness is unexpected in terms of conventional rules of thin film growth and stresses the importance of finite thickness effects in ferromagnetic ultrathin films.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX/LaTeX2.0

From bi-layer to tri-layer Fe nanoislands on Cu3Au(001)

Self assembly on suitably chosen substrates is a well exploited root to control the structure and morphology, hence magnetization, of metal films. In particular, the Cu3Au(001) surface has been recently singled out as a good template to grow high spin Fe phases, due to the close matching between the Cu3Au lattice constant (3.75 Angstrom) and the equilibrium lattice constant for fcc ferromagnetic Fe (3.65 Angstrom). Growth proceeds almost layer by layer at room temperature, with a small amount of Au segregation in the early stage of deposition. Islands of 1-2 nm lateral size and double layer height are formed when 1 monolayer of Fe is deposited on Cu3Au(001) at low temperature. We used the PhotoElectron Diffraction technique to investigate the atomic structure and chemical composition of these nanoislands just after the deposition at 140 K and after annealing at 400 K. We show that only bi-layer islands are formed at low temperature, without any surface segregation. After annealing, the Fe atoms are re-aggregated to form mainly tri-layer islands. Surface segregation is shown to be inhibited also after the annealing process. The implications for the film magnetic properties and the growth model are discussed.Comment: Revtex, 5 pages with 4 eps figure

Time resolution of the plastic scintillator strips with matrix photomultiplier readout for J-PET tomograph

Recent tests of a single module of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography system (J-PET) consisting of 30 cm long plastic scintillator strips have proven its applicability for the detection of annihilation quanta (0.511 MeV) with a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 0.266 ns. The achieved resolution is almost by a factor of two better with respect to the current TOF-PET detectors and it can still be improved since, as it is shown in this article, the intrinsic limit of time resolution for the determination of time of the interaction of 0.511 MeV gamma quanta in plastic scintillators is much lower. As the major point of the article, a method allowing to record timestamps of several photons, at two ends of the scintillator strip, by means of matrix of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) is introduced. As a result of simulations, conducted with the number of SiPM varying from 4 to 42, it is shown that the improvement of timing resolution saturates with the growing number of photomultipliers, and that the 2 x 5 configuration at two ends allowing to read twenty timestamps, constitutes an optimal solution. The conducted simulations accounted for the emission time distribution, photon transport and absorption inside the scintillator, as well as quantum efficiency and transit time spread of photosensors, and were checked based on the experimental results. Application of the 2 x 5 matrix of SiPM allows for achieving the coincidence resolving time in positron emission tomography of $\approx$ 0.170 ns for 15 cm axial field-of-view (AFOV) and $\approx$ 0.365 ns for 100 cm AFOV. The results open perspectives for construction of a cost-effective TOF-PET scanner with significantly better TOF resolution and larger AFOV with respect to the current TOF-PET modalities.Comment: To be published in Phys. Med. Biol. (26 pages, 17 figures

Nonlinear Magneto-Optics of Fe Monolayers from first principles: Structural dependence and spin-orbit coupling strength

We calculate the nonlinear magneto-optical response of free-standing fcc (001), (110) and (111) oriented Fe monolayers. The bandstructures are determined from first principles using a full-potential LAPW method with the additional implementation of spin-orbit coupling. The variation of the spin-orbit coupling strength and the nonlinear magneto-optical spectra upon layer orientation are investigated. We find characteristic differences which indicate an enhanced sensitivity of nonlinear magneto-optics to surface orientation and variation of the in-plane lattice constants. In particular the crossover from onedimensional stripe structures to twodimensional films of (111) layers exhibits a clean signature in the nonlinear Kerr-spectra and demonstrates the versatility of nonlinear magneto-optics as a tool for in situ thin-film analysis.Comment: 28 pages, RevTeX, psfig, submitted to PR

Determination of the map of efficiency of the J-PET detector with the GATE package

Abstract: A novel PET detector consisting of strips of polymer scintillators is being developed by the J-PET Collaboration. The map of efficiency and the map of geometrical acceptance of the 2-strip J-PET scanner are presented. Map of efficiency was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation software GATE based on GEANT4. Both maps were compared using method based on the χ 2 test