Effect of neck cut position on time to collapse in halal slaughtered cattle without stunning

This study examined the effect of neck cut position on the time to physical collapse in upright restrained halal slaughtered cattle (n = 644). Time to collapse was used as an indirect indicator of the early stages of onset of unconsciousness. Cattle were slaughtered with either a conventional low (LNC) (n = 561) or a high neck cut (HNC) (n = 83). Mean time to final collapse was higher in the LNC compared to HNC group (18.9 ± 1.1 s and 13.5 ± 1.3 s respectively (P 20 s to final collapse had larger false aneurysms. In summary, the HNC reduced the mean time to final collapse and the frequency of animals that took longer than 20 s to collapse

Noise characteristics of upper surface blown configurations: Summary

A systematic experimental program was conducted to develop a data base for the noise and related flow characteristics of upper surface blown configurations. The effect of various geometric and flow parameters was investigated experimentally. The dominant noise was identified from the measured flow and noise characteristics to be generated downstream of the trailing edge. The possibilities of noise reduction techniques were explored. An upper surface blown (USB) noise prediction program was developed to calculate noise levels at any point and noise contours (footprints). Using this noise prediction program and a cruise performance data base, aircraft design studies were conducted to integrate low noise and good performance characteristics. A theory was developed for the noise from the highly sheared layer of a trailing edge wake. Theoretical results compare favorably with the measured noise of the USB model

The best medicine? Psychotherapists’ experience of the impact of humour on the process of psychotherapy

The significance of humour to the process of psychotherapy has been largely eclipsed by literature focusing on the tragic aspects of a person’s life. There has been much debate about whether humour is a negative or positive phenomenon in psychotherapy. The majority of authors have drawn attention to the dangers inherent in the use of humour in what is usually a very serious enterprise. Humour as an inevitable and central existential expression has been ignored in the field of psychotherapy and is afforded very little, if any, attention in formal psychotherapy training. The study is an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) of interviews conducted with six qualified psychotherapists on their clinical and personal experience of the impact of humour on the process of psychotherapy. It was found that humour is a necessary and fundamental relational phenomenon, inevitably present in psychotherapy and has both positive and negative clinical implications. It can reveal, challenge and shift a patient’s existential attitude in all dimensions. Used judiciously in psychotherapy, humour can bring about an existential maturity, a tragi-comic position where a creative acceptance of limitations and paradox is possible

Turbulence and turbulent mixing in natural fluids

Turbulence and turbulent mixing in natural fluids begins with big bang turbulence powered by spinning combustible combinations of Planck particles and Planck antiparticles. Particle prograde accretions on a spinning pair releases 42% of the particle rest mass energy to produce more fuel for turbulent combustion. Negative viscous stresses and negative turbulence stresses work against gravity, extracting mass-energy and space-time from the vacuum. Turbulence mixes cooling temperatures until strong-force viscous stresses freeze out turbulent mixing patterns as the first fossil turbulence. Cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies show big bang turbulence fossils along with fossils of weak plasma turbulence triggered as plasma photon-viscous forces permit gravitational fragmentation on supercluster to galaxy mass scales. Turbulent morphologies and viscous-turbulent lengths appear as linear gas-proto-galaxy-clusters in the Hubble ultra-deep-field at z~7. Proto-galaxies fragment into Jeans-mass-clumps of primordial-gas-planets at decoupling: the dark matter of galaxies. Shortly after the plasma to gas transition, planet-mergers produce stars that explode on overfeeding to fertilize and distribute the first life.Comment: 23 pages 12 figures, Turbulent Mixing and Beyond 2009 International Center for Theoretical Physics conference, Trieste, Italy. Revision according to Referee comments. Accepted for Physica Scripta Topical Issue to be published in 201

Contour surveying system Patent

Describing device for surveying contour of surface using X-Y plotter and traveling transduce

A description of the Huon pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii (Hook. F.) C.J. Quinn) forests of the Prince of Wales and King Billy Ranges

The large non-riverine Huon pine forests of the Prince of Wales and King Billy Ranges probably represent glacial refugia, Both are of the implicate rainforest type and hoth show changes in dominance and species composition of tree and understorey species with altitude. On the Prince of Wales Range, Huon pine dominates the forest over an altitudinal range of 320 m. On the King Billy Range, Huon pine dominates the lower 180 m while the upper 100 m is dominated by King Billy pine. This difference may be due to dispersal rates, geology or climatic preference. The upper slopes of the Prince of Wales Range carry the only known examples of a Huon pine-dwarf leatherwood dominated forest. Both the Prince of Wales and King Billy Ranges are of high conservation and scientific value

Impact of trampling on bolster heath communities of Mt Field National Park, Tasmania

The impact of trampling on the alpine bolster heath communities of Newdegate Pass and the Mt Field West plateau (1300-1400 m) were investigated. It was found that in the track vegetation, percentage bare ground was significantly higher, and percentage cover of some taxa and species diversity were significantly lower than in the surrounding undisturbed vegetation. Degradation was measurably worse on sections of the track subject to waterlogging. Implications of these findings for recreational management are discussed