Broomrape weeds. Underground mechanisms of parasitism and associated strategies for their control: a review

SPE & AgrosupPôle GESTADBroomrapes are plant-parasitic weeds which constitute one of the most difficult-to-control of all biotic constraints that affect crops in Mediterranean, central and eastern Europe, and Asia. Due to their physical and metabolic overlap with the crop, their underground parasitism, their achlorophyllous nature, and hardly destructible seed bank, broomrape weeds are usually not controlled by management strategies designed for non-parasitic weeds. Instead, broomrape are in a current state of intensification and spread due to lack of broomrape-specific control programs, unconscious introduction to new areas and may be decline of herbicide use and global warming to a lesser degree. We reviewed relevant facts about the biology and physiology of broomrape weeds and the major feasible control strategies. The points of vulnerability of some underground events, key for their parasitism such as crop-induced germination or haustorial development are reviewed as inhibition targets of the broomrape-crop association. Among the reviewed strategies are those aimed 1) to reduce broomrape seed bank viability, such as fumigation, herbigation, solarization and use of broomrape-specific pathogens; 2) diversion strategies to reduce the broomrape ability to timely detect the host such as those based on promotion of suicidal germination, on introduction of allelochemical interference, or on down-regulating host exudation of germination-inducing factors; 3) strategies to inhibit the capacity of the broomrape seedling to penetrate the crop and connect with the vascular system, such as biotic or abiotic inhibition of broomrape radicle growth, crop resistance to broomrape penetration either natural, genetically engineered or elicited by biotic- or abiotic-resistance-inducing agents and 4) strategies acting once broomrape seedling has bridged its vascular system with that of the host, aimed to impede or to endure the parasitic sink such as those based on the delivery of herbicides via haustoria, use of resistant and tolerant varieties or implementation of cultural practices improving crop competitivenes

Gestion des plantes adventices parasites

Prod 2018-236m GESTAD AGROSUP POLE SPE EANational audienc

First Report of Rhamphicarpa fistulosa on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Soybean (Glycine max), and Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorius) in Togo

International audienceno abstrac

La filière crème de cassis en Bourgogne

National audienceBurgundy became the cradle of blackcurrant liqueur production at the end of the nineteenth century, and today, growing and processing the berries remains a significant economic activity for the region. The value chain is well-structured, but the domestic market is mature, forcing operators to come up with new strategies both at the level of each enterprise and collectively. Efforts to position blackcurrant liqueur as a trendy, contemporary drink have faced a struggle to win over domestic consumers, but the same can be said of all products in the segment. In contrast, foreign consumers are creating new ways to use the blackcurrant liqueur, opening up promising export opportunities for the French blackcurrant sector.La Bourgogne a été le berceau de l’invention de la crème de cassis. La production des baies et leur transformation restent une activité économique importante pour la région. La filière est très structurée, mais le marché national est mature obligeant les opérateurs à élaborer de nouvelles stratégies tant individuelles que collectives. Le repositionnement de la liqueur sur le segment des liqueurs modernes peine – comme pour ces produits – à s’imposer durablement auprès des consommateurs. En revanche, les débouchés à l’export sont portés par de nouveaux usages de consommation qui ouvrent des perspectives intéressantes pour la filière

Un nouveau processus d’interaction hôte-parasite découvert

SPE EA ECOLDURNational audienceDans le cas de l’orobanche, plante parasite des cultures, des mécanismes facilitant son développement ont été mis à jour, avec la découverte d’une nouvelle catégorie d’hôte et d’un nouveau processus d’interaction hôte-parasite, la «facilitation». Cette découverte pourrait concerner également d’autres espèces parasites

Etude épidémiologique, écophysiologique et agronomique du couple Orobanche ramosa L./Brassica napus L.

PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Biocontrol of the parasitic plant species Phelipanche ramosa, using rapeseed rhizosphere fungi or phytotoxic metabolites

National audienc