Improvement of 'winner takes all' neural network training for the purpose of diesel engine fault clustering

© 2016 IEEE.To create a diagnostic system for diesel engines, it is necessary to analyze a huge amount of data obtained from the automated test systems for diesel engines. Therefore, it is worth to implement the analysis with the help of an artificial neural network. The application of the artificial neural network for diesel engine fault clustering allows reducing the amount of stored data by creation of a knowledge database for the weighting factors. Self-training makes it possible to revise this database, improving the accuracy of clustering, and to modify network structure, in case the new types of faults will appear. The modified neural network training algorithm involves the usage of input vector data originally found within each cluster group as the initial weighting factors. This algorithm allows decreasing the load on the computing devices by reducing the number of training cycles in comparison with other existing algorithms. The efficiency of the method can be improved with a larger number of samples and dimensions of input and output parameters

ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКИ

The article deals with investments aimed at developing the power industry. Based on the statistical data it is concluded on the need to increase investment activity of electricity production complex. The article proposes mechanisms for attracting investment.В статье рассматриваются инвестиции направленные на развитие электроэнергетики. На основе статистических данных делается вывод о необходимости повышение инвестиционной активности производственного комплекса электроэнергетики. В конце статьи предлагаются механизмы привлечения инвестиций

РАЗВИТИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОЭНЕРГЕТИКИ ПОСЛЕ ОКТЯБРЬСКОЙ РЕВОЛЮЦИИ 1917 ГОДА: ИСТОКИ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ

Purpose of the study. During the period of the fall of technical and technological stability of the Russian electric power industry, the issues related to the study of the historical experience of the origin, construction and development of such large industrial complexes are actualized. The present study aims to analyze the history of the development of the Russian electric power industry after the October Revolution of 1917, to reveal the influence of the revolution on the electric power industry, to investigate the postwar period of the formation of the Unified Energy System and to assess the current state of the electric power industry in the absence of large-scale projects and programs for updating and modernizing production facilities, propose mechanisms to improve technical and technological stability of electricity of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. In 1920, after the October Revolution of 1917, the first plan related to the development of economic activities of the national economy was adopted, which was called the State Plan for the Electrification of Russia. This document contained the main mechanisms and requirements for the formation and establishment of a new branch for the economy. Based on the use of data from the Government of the Russian Federation, Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, Joint-stock company “United Energy System of Russia”, as well as electric power companies, the post-revolutionary period of the electric power industry development, the current state and the existing potential of the Russian electric power industry are analyzed. Using the economic-statistical, comparative and logical methods, the main results of the study were presented.Results. Analyzed indices of the electric power industry in the period 1920–1935 indicate a breakthrough in the development of the Russian energy sector, this period was marked by the implementation of the plans ahead of schedule. In the post-war period, from 1950–1985, there was an increase in the construction of production capacities, The development of the electric power industry after the October Revolution of 1917: origins, prospects and problems  at the same time, both heat and hydro and nuclear power plants were built, thereby increasing the installed capacity by more than 10 times in thirty years. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been a halt in the pace of development of the Russian electric power industry, and now the deprecation of the fixed assets increase, the degradation of energy equipment, the aging of power generation technologies, the fall in investment attractiveness and the efficiency of management of generating capacities, which can lead to mass failure equipment and emergency consequences.The conclusion. Based on the results of the study, we have the following conclusions in the need to search for new mechanisms to improve the sustainability of the electricity industry in the absence of financial resources. In the author's opinion, it is advisable to implement them on three interrelated mechanisms: revising production capacities, eliminating potentially worn-out fixed assets; the formation of common programs for the development of the electric power industry within the framework of the General Electricity Market of the Eurasian Economic Union; the construction of power plants in the border areas, due to which several national states will provide electric power. Цель исследования. В период падения технико-технологической устойчивости российской электроэнергетики актуализируются вопросы, связанные с изучением исторического опыта зарождения, строительства и развития подобных крупных промышленных комплексов. В представленном исследовании поставлена цель – проанализировать историю развития российской электроэнергетики после Октябрьской революции 1917 года, выявить влияние революции на электроэнергетику, исследовать послевоенный период становления Единой энергетической системы и оценить современное состояние электроэнергетической отрасли в период отсутствия крупномасштабных проектов и программ по обновлению и модернизации производственных мощностей, предложить механизмы повышения технико-технологической устойчивости электроэнергетики Российской Федерации.Материалы и методы. В 1920 году, после октябрьской революции 1917 года, принимается первый план, связанные с развитием видов экономической деятельности национальной экономики, который получил название Государственный план по электрификации России. Данный документ содержал основные механизмы и требования по формированию и становлению новой для экономики отрасли. На основе использования данных Правительства Российской Федерации, Федеральной службы государственной статистики Российской Федерации, Министерства энергетики Российской Федерации, РАО «ЕЭС России», а также электроэнергетических компаний проанализированы послереволюционный период развития электроэнергетики, современное состояние и существующий потенциал российской электроэнергетической отрасли. Используя экономико-статистические, сравнительные и логические методы были представлены основные результаты исследования.Результаты. Проанализированные показатели электроэнергетической отрасли в период 1920–1935 гг. свидетельствуют о рывке в развитии российской энергетики, данный период ознаменовался выполнением раньше сроков поставленных планов. В послевоенный период, с 1950–1985 гг., наблюдался рост строительства производственных мощностей, при этом, сооружались как тепловые, так и гидрои атомные электростанции, тем самым, за тридцать лет увеличилось количество установленных мощностей более чем в 10 раз. После распада Советского Союза наблюдается остановка темпов развития российской электроэнергетики, а в настоящее время увеличивается износ основных производственных фондов, деградация энергетического оборудования, устаревание технологий производства электрической энергии, падение инвестиционной привлекательности и эффективности управления генерирующими мощностями, что, в результате, может привести к массовому отказу оборудования и аварийным последствиям.Заключение. По результатам исследования сделаны выводы о необходимости поиска новых механизмов повышения устойчивости электроэнергетической отрасли в период отсутствия финансовых ресурсов. По мнению автора статьи, их целесообразно осуществлять на трех взаимосвязанных механизмах – это ревизия производственных мощностей, с ликвидацией потенциально изношенных основных средств; формирование общих программ развития электроэнергетики в рамках формируемого Общего рынка электрической энергии Евразийского экономического союза; строительство электростанций на приграничных территориях, за счет чего будет обеспечиваться электрической энергией несколько национальных государств.

Russian regions in the system of international cooperation

© 2017, by ASERS® Publishing. All rights reserved. This article is devoted to the research of international cooperation ties in Russian regions. Dynamics of foreign trade turnover in regions is investigated. The dynamics of foreign trade turnover of the Republic of Tatarstan is particularly researched. The authors proposed the method of analysis of international relations of the region on the basis of allocation of the core zone of international cooperation, whereas a core zone is a group of countries with which the researched region has had stable relations for a certain period of time. Special attention in the article is paid to the international relations and cooperation of the Republic of Tatarstan. The choice of this region of the Russian Federation is caused by the significant role of the Republic of Tatarstan in international relations of Russia and its economy. Confirmation of a hypothesis that participants of the international economic relations at the regional level form around themselves the zone of the international cooperation differing in heterogeneity is the result of scientific research. The offered technique can be used to carry out monitoring of international relations of the Russian regions

Stability of interregional trade and economic relations as the factor of competitiveness of territories

The article studies competitiveness of regional territorial systems. Based on generalization of a wide range of sources and literature, the authors revealed and normalized factors and criteria of territory competitiveness, formulated their concept of evaluation of territories' competitiveness, which is based on the suggestion to use the stability of interregional trade and economic relations as an indicator of territory competitiveness. The article also suggests a methodology of evaluation of the stability of interregional relations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on the study of goods circulation. © IDOSI Publications, 2014

Improving the Efficiency of Convergence of the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union

The article is devoted to the formation, formation and development of the Eurasian Economic Union. As part of the study, a historical analysis of the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union, the main prerequisites for its origin, the stages of formation and the conditions of operation were carried out. In the work, based on the use of mathematical, statistical and comparative methods, an analysis was made of the economic indicators of the national member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, which resulted in the conclusion that the Russian Federation is the largest region that has 80% of the total potential of the Union. The paper discusses the basics of the formation of common markets for goods and services, which today are created in each field of activity of national economies. As a result of the analysis, factors that hinder the creation of common supranational systems and markets of national states were identified. The analysis made it possible to formulate proposals for further convergence of the types of economic activities of the national republics into a single supranational mechanism. At the end of the work conclusions are drawn from the results of the study

Territorial aspects of migration processes in Russia

This article deals with theoretical and practical aspects of migration of population. Particular features of international and interregional migration flows in Russia are revealed on the basis of the analysis of statistics on migration. Three model configurations of migration flows are singled out: counter, outgoing and incoming migration flows. Particular attention is given to the study of migration in Volga federal district. The structure of international and interregional migration in Volga federal district is examined. It was observed that in international migration incoming migration flows predominate, whereas in interregional migration all three model configurations of migration flows are present

Russian-Chinese trade relations after the signing of the St. Petersburg’s Treaty in 1881

The article is devoted to the characteristics of Russian-Chinese trade relations after the signing of the St. Petersburg Treaty in 1881. The General content and nature of trade contacts between the two countries, the main territorial directions and volumes of Russian-Chinese trade are Considered. The reasons that did not allow Russia to firmly establish itself in the Chinese market in the late XIX — early XX centuries are revealed.Статья посвящена характеристике российско-китайских торговых отношений после подписания Петербургского договора в 1881 г. Рассматриваются общее содержание и характер торговых контактов двух стран, основные территориальные направления и объемы российско-китайской торговли. Раскрываются причины, не позволившие России прочно закрепиться на китайском рынке в конце XIX — начале XX в

Анализ профиля экспрессии длинных некодирующих РНК у больных с идиопатическим и COVID-19-индуцированным легочным фиброзом

Introduction. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) comprises an interstitial lung disease with unclear pathogenesis, rapid progression, and no effective treatment. Pulmonary fibrosis is reported to be one of the most severe complications induced by a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The mechanisms triggering pulmonary fibrosis and leading to its rapid progression remain substantially unclear. Evidence suggests that immune and genetic factors contribute to the development of this disease. Among the latter, the role of long non-coding RNAs (dnRNAs) has been actively studied to date. Materials and methods. Considering the role of TP53TG1, LINC00342, H19, MALAT1, DNM3OS, and MEG3 dnRNAs as regulators of signaling pathways associated with fibroblast activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the authors analyzed the expression level of selected dnRNAs in lung tissue and blood mononuclear cells of patients with IPF (N = 12), post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis (N = 14), and in control group (N = 27). Results and discussion. Blood mononuclear cells in patients with IPF and post-COVID-19 PF revealed similar patterns of TP53TG1 and MALAT1 dnRNA expression. The level of relative expression of MALAT1 was significantly higher in patients with IPF (Fold Change=3.207, P = 0.0005) and with post-COVID-19 PF (Fold Change=9.854, P = 0.0003), while the relative expression level of TP53TG1 reduced in patients with IPF (Fold Change=0.4308, P = 0.0313) and with post-COVID-19 PF (Fold Change=0.1888, P = 0.0003 in blood mononuclear cells, Fold Change=0.1791, P = 0.0237 in lung tissue). Increased expression of DNM3OS in blood mononuclear cells (Fold Change=12.899, P = 0.0016) and lung tissue (Fold Change=9.527, P = 0.0001), LINC00342 (Fold Change=2.221, P = 0.0309) in blood mononuclear cells was revealed only in patients with IPF. Conclusion. Evaluation of the dnRNA expression profile of TP53TG1, LINC00342, MALAT1 and DNM3OS in blood mononuclei can be used as an informative and non-invasive biomarker in IPF and post COVID-19 PF.Введение. Идиопатический легочный фиброз (ИЛФ) является интерстициальным заболеванием легких с неясным патогенезом, быстропрогрессирующим и не имеющим эффективного лечения. Одним из самых грозных осложнений после перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 является легочный фиброз. Механизмы, которые запускают легочный фиброз и приводят к его быстрому прогрессированию, остаются в значительной степени неопределенными. Имеются данные о вкладе иммунных и генетических факторов в развитие данного заболевания. Среди последних на сегодня активно изучается роль длинных некодирующих РНК (днРНК). Материалы и методы. Учитывая роль днРНК TP53TG1, LINC00342, H19, MALAT1, DNM3OS и MEG3 как регуляторов сигнальных путей, связанных с активацией фибробластов и эпителиально-мезенхимального перехода, мы проанализировали уровень экспрессии выбранных днРНК в легочной ткани и мононуклеарных клетках крови больных с ИЛФ (N = 12), пост-COVID-19 легочным фиброзом (N = 14) и контрольной группе (N = 27). Результаты и обсуждение. Определены сходные паттерны экспрессии днРНК TP53TG1 и MALAT1 в мононуклеарах крови у больных с ИЛФ и пост-COVID-19 ЛФ. Уровень относительной экспрессии MALAT1 был значимо выше у больных: при ИЛФ (Fold Change = 3,207, P = 0,0005) и при пост-COVID-19 ЛФ (Fold Change = 9,854, P = 0,0003). В то время как относительный уровень экспрессии TP53TG1 был снижен: при ИЛФ (Fold Change = 0,4308, P = 0,0313) и при пост-COVID-19 ЛФ (Fold Change = 0,1888, P = 0,0003 в мононуклеарах крови, Fold Change = 0,1791, P = 0,0237 в легочной ткани). Повышение уровня экспрессии DNM3OS в мононуклеарах крови (Fold Change = 12,899, P = 0,0016) и легочной ткани (Fold Change = 9,527, P = 0,0001), LINC00342 (Fold Change = 2,221, P = 0,0309) в мононуклеарах крови было установлено только у больных ИЛФ. Заключение. Таким образом, оценка профиля экспрессии днРНК TP53TG1, LINC00342, MALAT1 и DNM3OS в мононуклеарах крови может быть использована в качестве информативного и неинвазивного биомаркера при ИЛФ и пост COVID-19 ЛФ

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY AFTER THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION OF 1917: ORIGINS, PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS

Purpose of the study. During the period of the fall of technical and technological stability of the Russian electric power industry, the issues related to the study of the historical experience of the origin, construction and development of such large industrial complexes are actualized. The present study aims to analyze the history of the development of the Russian electric power industry after the October Revolution of 1917, to reveal the influence of the revolution on the electric power industry, to investigate the postwar period of the formation of the Unified Energy System and to assess the current state of the electric power industry in the absence of large-scale projects and programs for updating and modernizing production facilities, propose mechanisms to improve technical and technological stability of electricity of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. In 1920, after the October Revolution of 1917, the first plan related to the development of economic activities of the national economy was adopted, which was called the State Plan for the Electrification of Russia. This document contained the main mechanisms and requirements for the formation and establishment of a new branch for the economy. Based on the use of data from the Government of the Russian Federation, Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, Joint-stock company “United Energy System of Russia”, as well as electric power companies, the post-revolutionary period of the electric power industry development, the current state and the existing potential of the Russian electric power industry are analyzed. Using the economic-statistical, comparative and logical methods, the main results of the study were presented.Results. Analyzed indices of the electric power industry in the period 1920–1935 indicate a breakthrough in the development of the Russian energy sector, this period was marked by the implementation of the plans ahead of schedule. In the post-war period, from 1950–1985, there was an increase in the construction of production capacities, The development of the electric power industry after the October Revolution of 1917: origins, prospects and problems  at the same time, both heat and hydro and nuclear power plants were built, thereby increasing the installed capacity by more than 10 times in thirty years. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been a halt in the pace of development of the Russian electric power industry, and now the deprecation of the fixed assets increase, the degradation of energy equipment, the aging of power generation technologies, the fall in investment attractiveness and the efficiency of management of generating capacities, which can lead to mass failure equipment and emergency consequences.The conclusion. Based on the results of the study, we have the following conclusions in the need to search for new mechanisms to improve the sustainability of the electricity industry in the absence of financial resources. In the author's opinion, it is advisable to implement them on three interrelated mechanisms: revising production capacities, eliminating potentially worn-out fixed assets; the formation of common programs for the development of the electric power industry within the framework of the General Electricity Market of the Eurasian Economic Union; the construction of power plants in the border areas, due to which several national states will provide electric power