The Importance of Knowledge Assets on University-Industry Collaboration: A Preliminary Analysis

Abstract. Intellectual capital is an important base for inter-organizational collaborative activities, including the industry-academic collaboration studied here. A preliminary study was conducted with analytic hierarchy process method, trying to know the dimensionalized associations between intellectual capital (i.e., Human, Structural, Customers, Organizational, Process, knowledge, and innovation capitals) and industry-academic collaboration (i.e., academic engagement and commercialization). Analyzing expert opinions, we gained matrices and priority scores, indicating that different forms of intellectual capital have different influences on academic engagement versus commercialization. The results remind scholarly works to look into detailed and differentiated mechanisms that utilize intellectual capital for governing industry-academic collaboration.Keywords. Intellectual capital, Industry-academic collaboration, Analytic hierarchy process; Taiwan.JEL. M10; L33; L52

Comparison of BDNF serum levels between early glaucoma patients, moderate glaucoma patients, advanced glaucoma patients and healthy controls.

<p>BDNF = brain derived neurotrophic factor. * = p<0.05 for the post-hoc comparisons of each glaucoma severity subgroup and healthy controls.</p

number of patients under ocular hypotensive treatments and systemic treatments in the whole study population.

<p>number of patients under ocular hypotensive treatments and systemic treatments in the whole study population.</p

Comparison of NGF serum levels between early glaucoma patients, moderate glaucoma patients, advanced glaucoma patients and healthy controls.

<p>NGF = nerve growth factor. * = p<0.05 for the post-hoc comparisons of each glaucoma severity subgroup and healthy controls.</p

Demographic characteristics of study population and results of ANOVA analysis to compare each glaucoma severity subgroups and healthy controls.

<p>Demographic characteristics of study population and results of ANOVA analysis to compare each glaucoma severity subgroups and healthy controls.</p

Effects of Topical Bimatoprost 0.01% and Timolol 0.5% on Circadian IOP, Blood Pressure and Perfusion Pressure in Patients with Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: A Randomized, Double Masked, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>To compare the 24-hour (24h) effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and cardiovascular parameters of timolol 0.5% and bimatoprost 0.01% in open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertensive subjects.</p><p>Methods</p><p>In this prospective, randomized, double masked, crossover, clinical trial, after washout from previous medications enrolled subjects underwent 24h IOP, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) measurements and were randomized to either topical bimatoprost 0.01% at night plus placebo in the morning or to timolol 0.5% bid. After 8 weeks of treatment a second 24h assessment of IOP, BP and HR was performed and then subjects switched to the opposite treatment for additional 8 weeks when a third 24h assessment was performed. The primary endpoint was the comparison of the mean 24h IOP after each treatment. Secondary endpoints included the comparisons of IOP at each timepoint of the 24h curve and the comparison of BP, HR, ocular perfusion pressure and tolerability.</p><p>Results</p><p>Mean untreated 24h IOP was 20.3 mmHg (95%CI 19.0 to 21.6). Mean 24h IOP was significantly lower after 8 weeks of treatment with bimatoprost 0.01% than after 8 weeks of treatment with timolol 0.5% bid (15.7 vs 16.8 mmHg, p = 0.0003). Mean IOP during the day hours was significantly reduced from baseline by both drugs while mean IOP during the night hours was reduced by -2.3 mmHg (p = 0.0002) by bimatoprost 0.01% plus placebo and by -1.1 mmHg by timolol 0.5% bid (p = 0.06). Timolol 0.5% significantly reduced the mean 24h systolic BP from baseline, the diastolic BP during the day hours, the HR during the night hours, and the mean 24h systolic ocular perfusion pressure.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Both Bimatoprost 0.01% and Timolol 0.5% are effective in reducing the mean 24h IOP from an untreated baseline but Bimatoprost 0.01% is more effective than timolol 0.5% throughout the 24h. Timolol 0.5% effect on IOP is reduced during the night hours and is associated with reduced BP, HR and ocular perfusion pressure.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>EU Clinical Trial Register and <a href="https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2010-024272-26/IT" target="_blank">EudraCT# 2010-024272-26</a></p></div

Funnel plots for evaluating the publication bias.

<p>Points indicate weighted mean difference (WMD) from studies included in meta—analysis of the mean [A], superior [B], inferior [C], nasal [D] and temporal [E] RNFL quadrants.</p

Forest plots of weighted mean difference (WMD) of MCI patients for the mean and each single quadrant RNFL.

<p>Horizontal lines are 95% confidence intervals.</p

Comparison of mean intraocular pressure (mmHg) at baseline and after treatment with bimatoprost 0.01% once at night and after timolol 0.5% bid.

<p>IOP = Intraocular pressure; CI = confidence interval; bid = bis in die. Mean day IOP = mean of 08:00, 1200, 16:00 and 20:00 o’clock timeponts; Mean night IOP = mean of 00:00 and 04:00 o’clock timepoints.</p><p>Comparison of mean intraocular pressure (mmHg) at baseline and after treatment with bimatoprost 0.01% once at night and after timolol 0.5% bid.</p

Systolic (A) and diastolic (B) blood pressure and heart rate (C) at each timepoint of the 24h curve at baseline (continuous line), during timolol 0.5% bid (dashed line) and during bimatoprost 0.01% plus placebo treatment (dotted line).

<p>Bpm = beats per minute. Error bars represents standard error; * = p<5% for timepoint comparison versus baseline; § = p<5% for timepoint comparison between timolol 0.5% bid and bimatoprost 0.01% plus placebo.</p