Globalization and Competition Among Systems Regulatory Capitalism and Administrative Cooperation: The Case of Social Rights

The paper looks at the possible role of administrativelaw and regulation in a period of economic crisis when theprevious systems in place to protect social values have failedbecause their primary interest was in the market. The intersystemicperspective highlights the role that regulation can havein balancing the needs of the market and those of citizens even ina globalized perspective in which must be reconsidered the role ofadministrative cooperation. The specific case of social rights isanalysed as it can be understood as a cyclic quadrilateral whosevertex are represented by sustainability, feasibility, executabilityand capability of being judged and lie in the same circle that isthe “legal reasonableness”, and the challenges that it has to facein a situation of economic crisis magnify the risks, underminingthe very existence of the binomial titularity/effectivity of therights and the consideration and balance of the fundamentalvalues of the system can avoid that the imperfect duties of whichthe state is titular might be at the basis of a dangerousdismantling of the idea of the welfare state

Fermionic zero-modes in type II fivebrane backgrounds

The explicit form of the fermionic zero-modes in the fivebrane backgrounds of type IIA and IIB supergravity theories is investigated. In type IIA fivebrane background there are four zero-modes of gravitinos and dilatinos. In type IIB fivebrane background four zero-modes of dilatinos and no zero-modes of gravitinos are found. These zero-modes indicate the four-fermion condensates which have been suggested in a calculation of the tension of the D-brane in fivebrane backgrounds.Comment: 10 page

Effects of Enriched Environment (EE) on Depressive-Like Behavior and Hippocampal Structure in Rat Model of Chronic Stress

Chronic stress is associated with the development of depression. It can trigger structural and neurobehavioral changes in the brain and has been shown to induce depressivelike behavior in animals. An enriched environment can modulate the structure and function of the brain by altering the expression of various genes and proteins as well as affecting neurotransmitters’ activity. The hippocampus plays an important role incontrolling the networks for mood regulation and has been implicated in the course of depression. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an enriched environment on the depressive-like behavior and hippocampal structure in rats after unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) exposure. Male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were divided into three groups, each consisting of 6 rats including the control, UCMS and UCMS+EEgroup. Unpredictable chronic mild stress and EE were given for 21 days. Body weight gain, depressive-like behavior, and hippocampal structure were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Depressive-like behavior was assessed with Forced Swim Test (FST) and Sucrose Preference Test (SPT). Thickness of the pyramidal layer of CA1 and CA3 area were measured with histologic examination to see changes in the hippocampalstructure. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis followed by multiple comparison post hoc test. The enriched environment could significantly maintain body weight gain (p = 0.036) and rat’s preference to sucrose solution (p =0.001) in a stressful condition. Enriched environment reduced immobility time in FST but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.177). There was a significant difference in the thickness of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal layer of the hippocampus among groups (p=0.015 and p=0.019 respectively). Stress markedly decreased the thickness of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal layer (p=0.014 and 0.011 respectively). The enriched environment can ameliorate stress-induced depressive-like behavior and alteration in hippocampalstructure in rats. Keywords: Environmental enrichment, depression, stress, hippocampu

GEANT simulation of energy losses of slow hadrons

The algorithm of the simulation of energy losses for hadrons with kinetic energy down to few eV is described. The details of its implementation in Geant4 are discussed. The comparison of the results of simulation with the experimental data is presented

A New Biocomposite Material Based on Wheat Waste and Suitable for 3D Printing Applications

Biopolymers, such as poly(lactic) acid (PLA), which is obtained through green synthesis pathways from renewable resources, has attracted considerable interest in recent years because of the increasing need to reduce petroleum-based plastic pollution and bringing their prices comparable with conventional thermoplastic commodities’ price (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene). The present work investigates the employment of 10% wt of natural materials, deriving from wheat milling process, as biofiller of PLA to develop a biocomposite filament suitable for 3D-printing technique. The inclusion of a cost-free natural material leads to a strong reduction of the whole material cost. Implementing this new class of composite material to additive manufacturing technique allows to dramatically reduce the environmental impact of 3D printed products

GIANO-TNG spectroscopy of red supergiants in the young star cluster RSGC3

The Scutum complex in the inner disk of the Galaxy has a number of young star clusters dominated by red supergiants that are heavily obscured by dust extinction and observable only at infrared wavelengths. These clusters are important tracers of the recent star formation and chemical enrichment history in the inner Galaxy. During the technical commissioning and as a first science verification of the GIANO spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we secured high-resolution (R=50,000) near-infrared spectra of five red supergiants in the young Scutum cluster RSGC3. Taking advantage of the full YJHK spectral coverage of GIANO in a single exposure, we were able to measure several tens of atomic and molecular lines that were suitable for determining chemical abundances. By means of spectral synthesis and line equivalent width measurements, we obtained abundances of Fe and iron-peak elements such as Ni, Cr, and Cu, alpha (O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti), other light elements (C, N, F, Na, Al, and Sc), and some s-process elements (Y, Sr). We found average half-solar iron abundances and solar-scaled [X/Fe] abundance patterns for most of the elements, consistent with a thin-disk chemistry. We found depletion of [C/Fe] and enhancement of [N/Fe], consistent with standard CN burning, and low 12C/13C abundance ratios (between 9 and 11), which require extra-mixing processes in the stellar interiors during the post-main sequence evolution. We also found local standard of rest V(LSR)=106 km/s and heliocentric V(HEL)=90 km/s radial velocities with a dispersion of 2.3 km/s. The inferred radial velocities, abundances, and abundance patterns of RSGC3 are very similar to those previously measured in the other two young clusters of the Scutum complex, RSGC1 and RSGC2, suggesting a common kinematics and chemistry within the Scutum complex

Constraints on Automorphic Forms of Higher Derivative Terms from Compactification

By dimensionally reducing the higher derivative corrections of ten-dimensional IIB theory on a torus we deduce constraints on the E_{n+1} automorphic forms that occur in d=10-n dimensions. In particular we argue that these automorphic forms involve the representation of E_{n+1} with fundamental weight \lambda^{n+1}, which is also the representation to which the string charges in d dimensions belong. We also consider a similar calculation for the reduction of higher derivative terms in eleven-dimensional M-theory.Comment: Minor corrections, to appear in JHE

Lines and continuum sky emission in the near infrared: observational constraints from deep high spectral resolution spectra with GIANO-TNG

Aims Determining the intensity of lines and continuum airglow emission in the H-band is important for the design of faint-object infrared spectrographs. Existing spectra at low/medium resolution cannot disentangle the true sky-continuum from instrumental effects (e.g. diffuse light in the wings of strong lines). We aim to obtain, for the first time, a high resolution infrared spectrum deep enough to set significant constraints on the continuum emission between the lines in the H-band. Methods During the second commissioning run of the GIANO high-resolution infrared spectrograph at La Palma Observatory, we pointed the instrument directly to the sky and obtained a deep spectrum that extends from 0.97 to 2.4 micron. Results The spectrum shows about 1500 emission lines, a factor of two more than in previous works. Of these, 80% are identified as OH transitions; half of these are from highly excited molecules (hot-OH component) that are not included in the OH airglow emission models normally used for astronomical applications. The other lines are attributable to O2 or unidentified. Several of the faint lines are in spectral regions that were previously believed to be free of line emission. The continuum in the H-band is marginally detected at a level of about 300 photons/m^2/s/arcsec^2/micron, equivalent to 20.1 AB-mag/arcsec^2. The observed spectrum and the list of observed sky-lines are published in electronic format. Conclusions Our measurements indicate that the sky continuum in the H-band could be even darker than previously believed. However, the myriad of airglow emission lines severely limits the spectral ranges where very low background can be effectively achieved with low/medium resolution spectrographs. We identify a few spectral bands that could still remain quite dark at the resolving power foreseen for VLT-MOONS (R ~6,600).Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Astronomy & Astrophysic

E_{11} origin of Brane charges and U-duality multiplets

We derive general equations which determine the decomposition of the G^{+++} multiplet of brane charges into the sub-algebras that arise when the non-linearly realised G^{+++} theory is dimensionally reduced on a torus. We apply this to calculate the low level E_8 multiplets of brane charges that arise when the E_{8}^{+++}, or E_{11}, non-linearly realised theory is dimensionally reduced to three dimensions on an eight dimensional torus. We find precise agreement with the U-duality multiplet of brane charges previously calculated, thus providing a natural eleven dimensional origin for the "mysterious" brane charges found that do not occur as central charges in the supersymmetry algebra. We also discuss the brane charges in nine dimensions and how they arise from the IIA and IIB theories.Comment: 30 pages, plain te

Higher derivative type II string effective actions, automorphic forms and E11

By dimensionally reducing the ten-dimensional higher derivative type IIA string theory effective action we place constraints on the automorphic forms that appear in the effective action in lower dimensions. We propose a number of properties of such automorphic forms and consider the prospects that E11 can play a role in the formulation of the higher derivative string theory effective action.Comment: 34 page