Evaluation of Various Dynamic Issues During Transient Operation of Turbocharged Diesel Engine with Special Reference to Friction Development

Copyright © 2007 SAE International The modeling of transient turbocharged diesel engine operation appeared in the early seventies and continues to be in the focal point of research, due to the importance of transient response in the everyday operating conditions of engines. The majority of research has focused so far on issues concerning thermodynamic modeling, as these directly affect heat release predictions and consequently performance and pollutants emissions. On the other hand, issues concerning the dynamics of transient operation are often disregarded or over-simplified, possibly for the sake of speeding up program execution time. In the present work, an experimentally validated transient diesel engin

WTA/TLA: A UAV-captured dataset for semantic segmentation of energy infrastructure

Automated inspection of energy infrastructure with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is becoming increasingly important, exhibiting significant advantages over manual inspection, including improved scalability, cost/time effectiveness, and risks reduction. Although recent technological advancements enabled the collection of an abundance of vision data from UAVs’ sensors, significant efforts are still required from experts to interpret manually the collected data and assess the condition of energy infrastructure. Thus, semantic understanding of vision data collected from UAVs during inspection is a critical prerequisite for performing autonomous robotic tasks. However, the lack of labeled data introduces challenges and limitations in evaluating the performance of semantic prediction algorithms. To this end, we release two novel semantic datasets (WTA and TLA) of aerial images captured from power transmission networks and wind turbine farms, collected during real inspection scenarios with UAVs. We also propose modifications to existing state-of-the-art semantic segmentation CNNs to achieve improved trade-off between accuracy and computational complexity. Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate both the challenging properties of the provided dataset and the effectiveness of the proposed networks in this domain.The dataset is available at: https://github.com/gzamps/wta_tla_dataset

Diesel-engined vehicle nitric oxide and soot emissions during the European light-duty driving cycle using a transient mapping approach

An engine mapping-based methodology is developed to gain a first approximation of a vehicle\u27s performance and emissions during a light-duty cycle. The procedure is based on a steady-state experimental investigation of the engine with an appropriate vehicle drive train model applied so that the cycle vehicle speed data can be transformed into engine speed and torque. Correction analysis is then applied based on transient experimentation to account for the transient discrepancies during real driving. The developed algorithm is applied for the case of a diesel-engined vehicle running on the European light-duty cycle. A comparative analysis is performed for each section of the cycle revealing its individual transient characteristics

The presence of CD55- and/or CD59-deficient erythrocytic populations in patients with rheumatic diseases reflects an immunemediated bone-marrow derived phenomenon

Background: Complement has the potential to provoke severe impairment to host tissues, as shown in autoimmune diseases where complement activation has been associated with diminished CD55 and/or CD59 expression on peripheral blood cell membranes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of CD55- and/or CD59- deficient erythrocytic populations in patients with different rheumatic diseases and to investigate possible correlations with clinical or laboratory parameters. Material/Methods: CD55 and CD59 expression was evaluated in erythrocytes of 113 patients with rheumatic diseases, 121 normal individuals, and 10 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) using the Sephacryl gel microtyping system. Ham and sucrose tests were also performed. Results: Interestingly, the majority of patients (104/113, 92%) demonstrated CD55- and/or CD59-deficient erythrocytes: 47 (41.6%) with concomitant deficiency of CD55 and CD59, 50 (44.2%) with isolated deficiency of CD55, and 6 (6.2%) with isolated deficiency of CD59. In normal individuals, only 2 (1%) had concomitant CD55/CD59 negativity and 3 (2%) had isolated CD55 or CD59 deficiency. All PNH patients exhibited simultaneous CD55/CD59 deficiency. Positive Ham and sucrose tests were found only in PNH patients. There was no association between the CD55- and/or CD59-deficient erythrocytes and hemocytopenias or undergoing treatment. However, CD55 expression significantly influenced hemoglobin values (F=6.092, p=0.015). Conclusions: This study provides evidence supporting the presence of erythrocytes with CD55 and/or CD59 deficiency in patients with rheumatic diseases. Moreover, CD55 deficiency on red cells influences hemoglobin concentration. Further studies using molecular techniques will clarify the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of this deficiency. © Med Sci Monit