1,203 research outputs found
Study of Organic Solvent Hydrophobicity on Lipase Catalyzed Reaction Esterification
The paper studies the effect of hydrophobicity of nonpolar organic solvents (cyclohexane, n-hexane and isooctane) on lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol with oleic acid catalysed by immobilized 1,3-specific Mucor miehei lipase. The esterification was carried out with and without molecular sieves in a batch stirred-tank reactor (BSTR).
Enzyme selectivity was in function of solvent hydrophobicity and related to the system
wit
Study of Organic Solvent Hydrophobicity on Lipase Catalyzed Reaction Esterification
The paper studies the effect of hydrophobicity of nonpolar organic solvents (cyclohexane, n-hexane and isooctane) on lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol with oleic acid catalysed by immobilized 1,3-specific Mucor miehei lipase. The esterification was carried out with and without molecular sieves in a batch stirred-tank reactor (BSTR).
Enzyme selectivity was in function of solvent hydrophobicity and related to the system
wit
Diffusion with critically correlated traps and the slow relaxation of the longest wavelength mode
We study diffusion on a substrate with permanent traps distributed with
critical positional correlation, modeled by their placement on the perimeters
of a critical percolation cluster. We perform a numerical analysis of the
vibrational density of states and the largest eigenvalue of the equivalent
scalar elasticity problem using the method of Arnoldi and Saad. We show that
the critical trap correlation increases the exponent appearing in the stretched
exponential behavior of the low frequency density of states by approximately a
factor of two as compared to the case of no correlations. A finite size scaling
hypothesis of the largest eigenvalue is proposed and its relation to the
density of states is given. The numerical analysis of this scaling postulate
leads to the estimation of the stretch exponent in good agreement with the
density of states result.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX (RevTeX
Study of Organic Solvent Hydrophobicity on Lipase Catalyzed Reaction Esterification
The paper studies the effect of hydrophobicity of nonpolar organic solvents (cyclohexane, n-hexane and isooctane) on lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol with oleic acid catalysed by immobilized 1,3-specific Mucor miehei lipase. The esterification was carried out with and without molecular sieves in a batch stirred-tank reactor (BSTR). Enzyme selectivity was in function of solvent hydrophobicity and related to the system with molecular sieves, where the equilibrium was shifted toward the production of diolein
A pseudo-spectral approach to inverse problems in interface dynamics
An improved scheme for computing coupling parameters of the
Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation from a collection of successive interface
profiles, is presented. The approach hinges on a spectral representation of
this equation. An appropriate discretization based on a Fourier representation,
is discussed as a by-product of the above scheme. Our method is first tested on
profiles generated by a one-dimensional Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation where it
is shown to reproduce the input parameters very accurately. When applied to
microscopic models of growth, it provides the values of the coupling parameters
associated with the corresponding continuum equations. This technique favorably
compares with previous methods based on real space schemes.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, revtex 3.0 with epsf style, to appear in Phys.
Rev.
Diffusion and Trapping on a one-dimensional lattice
The properties of a particle diffusing on a one-dimensional lattice where at
each site a random barrier and a random trap act simultaneously on the particle
are investigated by numerical and analytical techniques. The combined effect of
disorder and traps yields a decreasing survival probability with broad
distribution (log-normal). Exact enumerations, effective-medium approximation
and spectral analysis are employed. This one-dimensional model shows rather
rich behaviours which were previously believed to exist only in higher
dimensionality. The possibility of a trapping-dominated super universal class
is suggested.Comment: 20 pages, Revtex 3.0, 13 figures in compressed format using uufiles
command, to appear in Phys. Rev. E, for an hard copy or problems e-mail to:
[email protected]
Preliminary study on mini-modus device designed to oxygenate bottom anoxic waters without perturbing polluted sediments
The Tangential Guanabara Bay Aeration and Recovery (TAGUBAR) project derives its origins from a Brazilian government decision to tackle the planning and management challenges related to the restoration of some degraded aquatic ecosystems such as Guanabara Bay (state of Rio de Janeiro), VitĂłria Bay, and EspĂrito Santo Bay (state of EspĂrito Santo). This was performed by using the successful outcomes of a previous Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Directorate General for Cooperation and Development (i.e., Direttore Generale alla Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, MFAâ DGCS) cooperation program. The general objective of the program was to contribute to the economic and social development of the population living around Guanabara, VitĂłria, and EspĂrito Santo Bays, while promoting the conservation of their natural resources. This objective was supposed to be achieved by investing money to consolidate the local authoritiesâ ability to plan and implement a reconditioning program within a systemic management framework in severely polluted ecosystems such as Guanabara Bay, where sediments are highly contaminated. Sediments normally represent the final fate for most contaminants. Therefore, it would be highly undesirable to perturb them, if one wishes to avoid contaminant recycling. In this context, we explored a bench-scale novel technology, called the module for the decontamination of units of sediment (MODUS), which produces an oxygenated water flow directed parallel to the sediment floor that is aimed to create âtangential aerationâ of the bottom water column. The purpose of this is to avoid perturbing the top sediment layer, as a flow directed toward the bottom sediment would most probably resuspend this layer. Three kinds of tests were performed to characterize a bench-scale version of MODUS (referred to as âmini-MODUSâ) behavior: turbulenceâsediment resuspension tests, hydrodynamic tests, and oxygenationâaeration tests. In order to understand the functioning of the mini-MODUS, we needed to eliminate as many variables as possible. Therefore, we chose a static version of the module (i.e., no speed for the mini-MODUS as well as no water current with respect to the bottom sediment and no flume setting), leaving dynamic studies for a future paper. The turbulence tests showed that the water enters and exits the mini-MODUS mouths without resuspending the sediment surface at all, even if the sediment is very soft. Water flow was only localized very close to both mouth openings. Hydrodynamic tests showed an interesting behavior. An increase of low air flows produced a sharp linear increase of the water flow. However, a plateau was quickly reached and then no further increase of water flow was observed, implying that for a certain specific geometry of the equipment and for the given experimental conditions, an increase in the air flow does not produce any reduction of the residence time within the aeration reactor. Oxygenationâaeration tests explored three parameters that were deemed to be most important for our study: the oxygen global transfer coefficient, KLa; the oxygenation capacity, OC; and the oxygenation efficiency, OE%. An air flow increase causes an increase of both KLa and OC, while OE% decreases (no plateau was observed for KLa and OC). The better air flow would be a compromise between high KLa and OC, with no disadvantageous OE%, a compromise that will be the topic of the next paper
Effect of Polydispersity and Anisotropy in Colloidal and Protein Solutions: an Integral Equation Approach
Application of integral equation theory to complex fluids is reviewed, with
particular emphasis to the effects of polydispersity and anisotropy on their
structural and thermodynamic properties. Both analytical and numerical
solutions of integral equations are discussed within the context of a set of
minimal potential models that have been widely used in the literature. While
other popular theoretical tools, such as numerical simulations and density
functional theory, are superior for quantitative and accurate predictions, we
argue that integral equation theory still provides, as in simple fluids, an
invaluable technique that is able to capture the main essential features of a
complex system, at a much lower computational cost. In addition, it can provide
a detailed description of the angular dependence in arbitrary frame, unlike
numerical simulations where this information is frequently hampered by
insufficient statistics. Applications to colloidal mixtures, globular proteins
and patchy colloids are discussed, within a unified framework.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Interdiscip. Sci. Comput. Life Sci.
(2011), special issue dedicated to Prof. Lesser Blu
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