8 research outputs found
Exploring natural language understanding in robotic interfaces
Natural Language Understanding is a major aspect of the intelligence of robotic systems. A main goal of improving their artificial intelligence is to allow a robot to ask questions, whenever the given instructions are not complete, and also by using implicit information. These enhanced communicational abilities can be based on the voids of an output data structure that corresponds to a systemic-semantic model of language communication, as grammar formalism. In addition, the enhancing process also improves the learning abilities of a robot. Accordingly, the presented herein experimental project was conducted by using a simulated (by a plain PC) robot and a simple constructed language that facilitated semantic orientation
Clinical Applications of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography:An Updated Review
Since its introduction, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the field of ophthalmology and has now become an indispensable, noninvasive tool in daily practice. Most ophthalmologists are familiar with its use in the assessment and monitoring of retinal and optic nerve diseases. However, it also has important applications in the assessment of anterior segment structures, including the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, anterior chamber, and iris, and has the potential to transform the clinical examination of these structures. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential clinical utility of anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) for a wide range of anterior segment pathologies, such as conjunctival neoplasia, pterygium, scleritis, keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, and infectious/noninfectious keratitis. In addition, the clinical applications of AS-OCT (including epithelial mapping) in preoperative planning and postoperative monitoring for corneal and refractive surgeries are discussed
Exploring natural language understanding in robotic interfaces
Natural Language Understanding is a major aspect of the intelligence of robotic systems. A main goal of improving their artificial intelligence is to allow a robot to ask questions, whenever the given instructions are not complete, and also by using implicit information. These enhanced communicational abilities can be based on the voids of an output data structure that corresponds to a systemic-semantic model of language communication, as grammar formalism. In addition, the enhancing process also improves the learning abilities of a robot. Accordingly, the presented herein experimental project was conducted by using a simulated (by a plain PC) robot and a simple constructed language that facilitated semantic orientation
Inquiring Natural Language Processing Capabilities on Robotic Systems through Virtual Assistants: A Systemic Approach
This paper attempts to approach the interface of a robot from the perspective of virtual assistants. Virtual assistants can also be characterized as the mind of a robot, since they manage communication and action with the rest of the world they exist in. Therefore, virtual assistants can also be described as the brain of a robot and they include a Natural Language Processing (NLP) module for conducting communication in their human-robot interface. This work is focused on inquiring and enhancing the capabilities of this module. The problem is that nothing much is revealed about the nature of the human-robot interface of commercial virtual assistants. Therefore, any new attempt of developing such a capability has to start from scratch. Accordingly, to include corresponding capabilities to a developing NLP system of a virtual assistant, a method of systemic semantic modelling is proposed and applied. For this purpose, the paper briefly reviews the evolution of virtual assistants from the first assistant, in the form of a game, to the latest assistant that has significantly elevated their standards. Then there is a reference to the evolution of their services and their continued offerings, as well as future expectations. The paper presents their structure and the technologies used, according to the data provided by the development companies to the public, while an attempt is made to classify virtual assistants, based on their characteristics and capabilities. Consequently, a robotic NLP interface is being developed, based on the communicative power of a proposed systemic conceptual model that may enhance the NLP capabilities of virtual assistants, being tested through a small natural language dictionary in Greek
A Natural Language Generation Algorithm for Greek by Using Hole Semantics and a Systemic Grammatical Formalism
This work is about the progress of previous related work based on an experiment to improve the intelligence of robotic systems, with the aim of achieving more linguistic communication capabilities between humans and robots. In this paper, the authors attempt an algorithmic approach to natural language generation through hole semantics and by applying the OMAS-III computational model as a grammatical formalism. In the original work, a technical language is used, while in the later works, this has been replaced by a limited Greek natural language dictionary. This particular effort was made to give the evolving system the ability to ask questions as well as the authors developed an initial dialogue system using these techniques. The results show that the use of these techniques the authors apply can give us a more sophisticated dialogue system in the future
Paramacular Acute Middle Maculopathy Associated with Glyceryl Trinitrate
An unusual case of nitroglycerin-induced Paracentral Acute Middle
Maculopathy (PAMM) is presented. A 50-year-old patient with sudden
vision loss and scotoma was followed up with swept-source optical
coherence tomography (SS-OCT), optical coherence tomography-angiography
(OCT-A), and fluorescein angiography (FA). An anal fissure treated with
glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) 0.2% ointment with headache and dizziness
after application was reported. Fundoscopy OS revealed mild retinal
venous dilatation and tortuosity with scattered blot hemorrhages and
subtle, parafoveal, whitish lesions in the outer retina. SS-OCT revealed
diffuse, hyperreflective lesions in the inner plexiform (IPL), inner
nuclear (INL), and outer plexiform layers (OPL). OCT-A revealed focal
dropout in the deep capillary plexus. FA showed masking due to blot
hemorrhages and early punctuate leakage in the inner retina. This entity
was identified as nitroglycerin-induced PAMM. Over the following 8
months, after discontinuation of the ointment application, the patient
was symptom-free with stable visual acuity. OCT revealed INL/OPL
thinning and confirmed complete lesion resolution. This first report of
retinal vascular abnormalities due to nitrite ointment provides an
insight into an unknown side effect of nitroglycerin ointment use. A
dose-dependent correlation between GTN application and retinal vascular
abnormalities remains to be confirmed
Secondary DMEK following failed primary DMEK
Purpose To report the outcomes of secondary Descemet Membrane
Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) performed for failed primary DMEK.
Methods The medical records of all patients undergoing secondary DMEK
due to failure of primary DMEK were reviewed. Reasons for failure were
sought and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density
(ECD) and complications of secondary DMEK were evaluated. Results A
total of 10 cases undergoing secondary DMEK following failed primary
DMEK were identified. Presumed reasons for failure included donor ECD <=
2300 cells/mm(2) (n = 4), difficulty during graft preparation (n = 2),
graft detachment (n = 2), acute angle closure due to retroiridal air
dislocation (n = 1), inverse graft positioning (n = 1) and
phacoemulsification (n = 1). Eyes with low visual potential were not
excluded from the study group. We should note that one patient (case
no7) had both low ECD and graft detachment as reasons for failure and as
a result he is counted twice. Median BCVA (decimal fraction) increased
from 0.1 (range, 0.01; 0.3) to 0.5 (0.05; 1.0) at one month and remained
stable thereafter. A BCVA of 0.5 or higher was achieved in 7 cases at
the final follow-up. Mean ECD fell from 2628 +/- 284 cells/mm(2) to 1391
+/- 252cells/mm(2) at 6 months (47% reduction) and 959 +/-
225cells/mm(2) at 24 months (64% reduction) (P <= 0.028). Complications
included the incomplete removal of the primary graft and mild iris
bleeding, decompensation of a preexisting primary open-angle glaucoma
and retroiridal air dislocation. Conclusions Apart from low donor ECD,
surgical challenges, i.e., difficulty with graft preparation, inverse
graft positioning, and retroiridal air dislocation, were main reasons
for failure of primary DMEK. Secondary DMEK showed a good safety profile
and reasonable visual outcomes