Antioxidant capacities and polyphenolics of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis) leaves

a b s t r a c t Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis) is a green leafy vegetable used mainly in kimchi, salted and fermented dishes. Consumer preference for the leaf portion differs according to the type of dishes. In this study, Chinese cabbage was divided into three parts, and their antioxidant activities were investigated through in vitro assays. The total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and vitamin C contents were also determined as indicators of antioxidant contents. The phenolic acids and flavonoids were separated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The outer leaf had the strongest antioxidant activity with the maximum antioxidant contents, followed by the mid-and inner leaves. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that outer leaf is positively related to caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and myricetin contents, whereas the mid-and inner leaves are negatively related to sinapic acid contents

Fenton Reaction for Enhancing Polishing Rate and Protonated Amine Functional Group Polymer for Inhibiting Corrosion in Ge1Sb4Te5 Film Surface Chemical-Mechanical-Planarization

A Fenton reaction and a corrosion inhibition strategy were designed for enhancing the polishing rate and achieving a corrosion-free Ge1Sb4Te5 film surface during chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) of three-dimensional (3D) cross-point phase-change random-access memory (PCRAM) cells and 3D cross-point synaptic arrays. The Fenton reaction was conducted with 1,3-propylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ferric ammonium salt (PDTA–Fe) and H2O2. The chemical oxidation degree of GeO2, Sb2O3, and TeO2 evidently increased with the PDTA–Fe concentration in the CMP slurry, such that the polishing rate of the Ge1Sb4Te5 film surface linearly increased with the PDTA–Fe concentration. The addition of a corrosion inhibitor having protonated amine functional groups in the CMP slurry remarkably suppressed the corrosion degree of the Ge1Sb4Te5 film surface after CMP; i.e., the corrosion current of the Ge1Sb4Te5 film surface linearly decreased as the corrosion inhibitor concentration increased. Thus, the proposed Fenton reaction and corrosion inhibitor in the Ge1Sb4Te5 film surface CMP slurry could achieve an almost recess-free Ge1Sb4Te5 film surface of the confined-PCRAM cells, having an aspect ratio of 60-nm-height to 4-nm-diameter after CMP

Genome editing-mediated knock-in of therapeutic genes ameliorates the disease phenotype in a model of hemophilia

© 2022 The AuthorsRecently, clinical trials of adeno-associated virus-mediated replacement therapy have suggested long-term therapeutic effects for several genetic diseases of the liver, including hemophilia. However, there remain concerns regarding decreased therapeutic effects when the liver is regenerated or when physiological proliferation occurs. Although genome editing using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 system provides an opportunity to solve this problem, low knock-in efficiency may limit its application for therapeutically relevant expression. Here, we identified a novel gene, APOC3, in which a strong promoter facilitated the expression of knocked-in genes in hepatocytes. We also investigated the effects of APOC3 editing using a small Cas9 protein derived from Campylobacter jejuni (CjCas9) in a hemophilic model. We demonstrated that adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of CjCas9 and donor led to moderate levels of human factor 9 expression in APOC3-humanized mice. Moreover, knock-in-driven expression induced substantial recovery of clotting function in mice with hemophilia B. There was no evidence of off-target editing in vitro or in vivo. Collectively, our findings demonstrated therapeutically relevant expression using a precise and efficient APOC3-editing platform, providing insights into the development of further long-term therapeutics for diverse monogenic liver diseases.N