A new study of shower age distribution in near vertical showers by EAS air shower array

The air shower array has been developed since it started operation in 1931. The array covering an area of 900 sq m now incorporates 21 particle density sampling detectors around two muon magnetic spectrographs. The air showers are detected in the size range 10 to the 4th power to 10 to the 6th power particles. A total of 11000 showers has so far been detected. Average values of shower age have been obtained in various shower size ranges to study the dependence of shower age on shower size. The core distance dependence of shower age parameter has also been analyzed for presentation

Interplay of disorder and geometrical frustration in doped Gadolinium Gallium Garnet

The geometrically-frustrated, triangular antiferromagnet GGG exhibits a rich mix of short-range order and isolated quantum states. We investigate the effects of up to 1% Neodymium substitution for Gallium on the ac magnetic response at temperatures below 1 K in both the linear and nonlinear regimes. Substitutional disorder actually drives the system towards a more perfectly frustrated state, apparently compensating for the effect of imperfect Gadolinium/Gallium stoichiometry, while at the same time more closely demarcating the boundaries of isolated, coherent clusters composed of hundreds of spins. Optical measurements of the local Nd environment substantiate the picture of an increased frustration index with doping.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Planar Two-particle Coulomb Interaction: Classical and Quantum Aspects

The classical and quantum aspects of planar Coulomb interactions have been studied in detail. In the classical scenario, Action Angle Variables are introduced to handle relativistic corrections, in the scheme of time-independent perturbation theory. Complications arising due to the logarithmic nature of the potential are pointed out. In the quantum case, harmonic oscillator approximations are considered and effects of the perturbations on the excited (oscillator) states have been analysed. In both the above cases, the known 3+1-dimensional analysis is carried through side by side, for a comparison with the 2+1-dimensional (planar) results.Comment: LaTex, Figures on request, e-mail:<[email protected]

Diamond degradation in hadron fields

The energy dependence of the concentration of primary displacements induced by protons and pions in diamond has been calculated in the energy range 50 MeV - 50 GeV, in the frame of the Lindhard theory. The concentrations of primary displacements induced by protons and pions have completely different energy dependencies: the proton degradation is very important at low energies, and is higher than the pion one in the whole energy range investigated, with the exception of the delta33 resonance region. Diamond has been found, theoretically, to be one order of magnitude more resistant to proton and pion irradiation in respect to silicon.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Solvothermal synthesis of CdO and CuO nanocrystals

Nanocrystals of CdO have been obtained by the decomposition of the cupferron complex in the presence of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) under solvothermal conditions. The precursor:TOPO ratio plays an important role in determining the size of the nanocrystals. The nanocrystals have been characterized by electron microscopy, absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, besides X-ray diffraction. The CdO nanocrystals are single crystalline and show evidence for quantum confinement. CuO nanocrystals could also be prepared by the decomposition of the cupferronate under solvothermal conditions, the particle size being controlled by the initial precursor concentration

An assessment of psychiatric disturbances in graves disease in a medical college in eastern India

Background: Graves&#8217; disease is a unique conglomeration of cardiovascular, neurological, ophthalmological, and other systemic manifestations. In this study we have tried to explore the psychiatric dimensions of this disease. Aims: This study attempted to explore clinical features, types, and treatment outcome of psychiatric disturbances in Graves disease.Study Design: This is a purposive study following the criteria of DSM IV. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 adult patients of newly diagnosed Graves disease and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were included. Data enumerated were age, sex, date of admission, analysis of psychiatric signs, and symptoms by one independent observer, diagnostic categorization, effect of treatment, and outcome. Follow-up evaluation was done after 1 year.Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done by the standard error of difference, the chi-square test, and paired Student&#8217;s T-test.Results: Among 36 patients 32 were female and 4 were male. Fifteen patients (41.67%) were diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorders (GAD), 6 (16.67%) with mood disorder, 6 (16.67%) with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and 2 each with personality disorder and schizophreniform disorder. The common symptoms were insomnia, irritability, and anxiety. The Frequency of GAD was statistically more significant in the Graves disease group in comparison to control.Fourteen patients agreed to take both antithyroid and antipsychotropic medications (group 1). The rest were treated with only antithyroid drug (group 2). There was significant improvement in both groups and no difference between the groups.Conclusion: The prevalence of certain psychiatric manifestations in Graves&#8217; disease was significantly higher than in the control group. There was no significant difference between therapy with antithyroid drugs and combination of antithyroid with psychotropic medications

QGP Susceptibilities from PNJL Model

An improved version of the PNJL model is used to calculate various thermodynamical quantities, {\it viz.}, quark number susceptibility, isospin susceptibility, specific heat, speed of sound and conformal measure. Comparison with Lattice data is found to be encouraging.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, poster presented at Quark Matter'0

Warm stellar matter with neutrino trapping

The properties of hybrid stars formed by hadronic and quark matter in beta-equilibrium at fixed entropies are described by appropriate equations of state (EOS) in the framework of relativistic mean-field theory. In this work we include the possibility of neutrino trapped EOS and compare the star properties with the ones obtained after deleptonization, when neutrinos have already diffused out. We use the nonlinear Walecka model for the hadron matter with two different sets for the hyperon couplings and the MIT Bag and the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models for the quark matter. The phase transition to a deconfined quark phase is investigated. Depending on the model and the parameter set used, the mixed phase may or may not exist in the EOS at high densities. The star properties are calculated for each equation of state. The maximum mass stellar configurations obtained within the NJL have larger masses than the ones obtained within the Bag model. The Bag model predicts a mixed phase in the interior of the most massive stable stars while, depending on the hyperon couplings, the NJL model predicts a mixed phase or pure quark matter. Comparing with neutrino free stars, the maximum allowed baryonic masses for protoneutron stars are $\sim 0.4 M_\odot$ larger for the Bag model and $\sim 0.1 M_\odot$ larger for the NJL model when neutrino trapping is imposed.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl