The Effects of Intensive Wii Sport Training on Adolescents with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: Case Study

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Wii Sports training on balance, Walking speed, Visual-Motor Integration, and independent standing of two adolescents with spastic diplegic Cerebral Palsy (CP). Materials and Methods: Two adolescents with spastic diplegic CP who had Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level Ш participated in intensive Wii Sports training program for two weeks. The Visual-Motor Integration (VMI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), walking speed, and independent standing time scores were recorded before the intervention and at the end of 12 training sessions. Two adolescents with spastic diplegic CP who had Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level Ш participated in intensive Wii Sports training program for two weeks. The Visual-Motor Integration (VMI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), walking speed, and independent standing time scores were recorded before the intervention and at the end of 12 training sessions. Results: Both adolescents demonstrated improvements in the VMI, BBS scores, durations of independent standing, and walking speed. Conclusions: Wii is a low-cost gaming system that can be effective in adolescents with spastic diplegic CP with GMFCS level Ш, yet further studies are required for definitive claims.Key words: Balance ; Cerebral palsy; Wii spor

The comparative impact of lexical translation and lexical inferencing on EFL learners’ vocabulary retention

The present study is an attempt to investigate the comparative effects of lexical translation and lexical inferencing techniques on Female intermediate EFL learners’ vocabulary retention. For this purpose, 90 female learners attending the Jahad Daneshgahi Center in Qom took a piloted sample KET test, 60 of whom were selected as homogenous learners. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups-one learning new vocabulary items through lexical translation technique and the other with the lexical inferencing technique. They were given a pre-test on vocabulary to ensure that the participants had no prior knowledge of the target words. Then all participants in both groups were taught using the same material and received the same amount of instruction. The only difference was for teaching of new lexical items. One experimental group was taught mainly through the lexical translation technique while the other experimental group learned by the lexical inferencing technique. After conducting the treatment, a post-test was administered to both groups in order to measure the students' ability in the retention of the lexical items taught through lexical translation and lexical inferencing techniques after a two-week interval. The analysis of the test scores using independent sample t-test revealed that the lexical inferencing group significantly outperformed the lexical translation group on the retention of the lexical items suggesting its benefits for teaching new words. Findings provide insights to teachers as well as students on how to best approach learning new lexical items

Association of sleep quality components and wake time with metabolic syndrome: The Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Study (QMDS), Iran

A B S T R A C T Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the association of sleep quality and sleep quantity with metabolic syndrome in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in 1079 residents of Qazvin selected by multistage cluster random sampling method in 2011. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria proposed by the national cholesterol education program third Adult treatment panel. Sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). A logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of sleep status and metabolic syndrome. Results: Mean age was 40.08 � 10.33 years. Of 1079, 578 (52.2%) were female, and 30.6% had metabolic syndrome. The total global PSQI score in the subjects with metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than subjects without metabolic syndrome (6.30 � 3.20 vs. 5.83 � 2.76, P = 0.013). In logistic regression analysis, sleep disturbances was associated with 1.388 fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index. Conclusion: Sleep disturbances component was a predictor of metabolic syndrome in the present study. More longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the association of sleep quality and its components with metabolic syndrome

Association between Uric Acid and Metabolic Syndrome in Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Study (QMDS), Iran

Background: The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) has been increasing worldwide. Although Uric Acid (UA) Levels are often increased in subjects with MS, it is still unclear whether uric acid plays a causal role for MS or is a marker. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between UA and the MS in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: 529 men and 578 women aged 20 – 78 years attended in cross sectional study from September 2010 to April 2011 in Qazvin, Iran. The criteria proposed by new joint Interim societies (JIS) were applied for diagnosis of MS. Hyperuricemia was defined as UA ≥ 7 mg/dL in men and UA ≥ 6 mg/dL in women. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between UA quartiles and MS. Results: The prevalence of MS was found to be 39.3%. Prevalence of hyperuricemia was 8.4% in males and 4.1% in females (P=0.004). Mean UA level was higher in males than in females (P<0.001). UA levels increased significantly with an increasing number of MS components in both genders. Prevalence of MS increased across UA quartiles in females; however the increasing trend began from second quartile in males. Using the lowest quartile of UA level as a reference, there were no significant association between UA quartile groups and MS. Conclusion: This study showed that UA levels are not an appropriate predictor of MS in Iranian population. More longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm the role of UA in MS occurrence. Keywords: prevalence, hyperuricemia, logistic regression, association, uric aci

Association between Objectively measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Body Composition among Primary School Children

Background: Physical activity (PA) plays a crucial role in the overall well-being of children in the long term. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and body composition (BC) among primary school children.Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in Ali-Abad-Katoul, Iran in 2023. A sample size of 322 boys was selected using convenience sampling method. ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer and Body Composition X-Scan Plus II were used for measuring PA pattern and BC. Pearson correlation and Independent t tests were used to analyze the data.Results: The accelerometer data revealed that participants spent 67.55% of the total time in SB. Moreover, on average, daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was 49.71±22.37 minutes. Accordingly, the daily energy expenditure was 558.39±250.17 kcal. SB was directly and significantly associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) (r=0.628, P<0.001) and Mass of Body Fat (MBF) (r=0.347, P<0.001). In addition, our results revealed an inverse and significant correlation between MVPA with BMI (r=-0.849, P<0.001) and MBF (r=-0.716, P<0.001). Finally, the children who did meet the MVPA guideline had significantly lower BMI (t=-3.781, P<0.001) and MBF (t=4.892, P<0.001) and higher Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) (t=4.209, P<0.001) than those who did not meet the MVPA guideline.Conclusions: These findings suggested that vigorous PA and SB play a role in controlling children’s adiposity, highlighting the importance of engaging children in high-intensity PA and reducing SB

Association between health-related quality of life and impaired glucose metabolism in Iran: The Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Study

Aim To evaluate the association between health-related quality of life and glucose metabolism status in a study population in Qazvin, Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1044 people (aged 20–78 years old) between September 2010 and April 2011 in Qazvin, Iran. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed for each participant who had never been diagnosed with diabetes. Participants were characterized as having normal glucose metabolism, pre-diabetes or diabetes according to American Diabetes Association criteria. The short-form 36 questionnaire was used to measure quality of life. Data were analysed using a chi-squared test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. Results A total of 530 (51.7%) of the participants were women, and 24.1 and 11.6% of the participants were categorized as having prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Except for the role emotional domain, there was a gradual decrease in the mean scores of every domain of the short-form 36 scale across the three study groups. The mean scores in the physical domains were significantly different among the participants with normal glucose metabolism and those with diabetes. After adding age as covariate, there were no significant differences between the categories in any of the domains. Conclusion There is no association between quality of life domains and glucose metabolism status in Iranian subjects. More longitudinal studies are necessary to investigate the natural history of pre-diabetes, diabetes and quality of life. Diabet. Med. 31; 754–758 (2014

Association of sleep quality components and wake time with metabolic syndrome: The Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Study (QMDS), Iran

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the association of sleep quality and sleep quantity with metabolic syndrome in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in 1079 residents of Qazvin selected by multistage cluster random sampling method in 2011. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria proposed by the national cholesterol education program third Adult treatment panel. Sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). A logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of sleep status and metabolic syndrome. Results: Mean age was 40.08 � 10.33 years. Of 1079, 578 (52.2%) were female, and 30.6% had metabolic syndrome. The total global PSQI score in the subjects with metabolic syndrome was significantly higher than subjects without metabolic syndrome (6.30 � 3.20 vs. 5.83 � 2.76, P = 0.013). In logistic regression analysis, sleep disturbances was associated with 1.388 fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index. Conclusion: Sleep disturbances component was a predictor of metabolic syndrome in the present study. More longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the association of sleep quality and its components with metabolic syndrome

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Qazvin Metabolic Diseases study (QMDs), Iran: A comparative analysis of six deinitions

objective. he aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) according to six deinitions and evaluate the agreement between them in an urban sample in Qazvin, Iran. Methods. In a cross sectional study, 529 men and 578 women in age of 20-78 years were attended from September 2010 to April 2011 in Qazvin, Iran. Standardized measurements were available for waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. he diagnostic criteria proposed by World Health Organization (WHO), National cholesterol education program third Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII 2001, 2004), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), and new Joint Interim Societies (JIS) were applied. he degree of agreement between diferent deinitions was assessed by kappa statistic. Results. he prevalence of MS was found to be 28% (WHO), 26.2% (ATPIII 2001), 30.6% (ATPIII 2004), 34.2% (IDF), 33% (AHA/NHLBI), and 39.3% (JIS). With regards to the gender, the prevalence of MS according to ATPIII 2001 and IDF was signiicantly greater in women than men. However, using other deinitions, the prevalence of MS was similar in both genders. he agreement of JIS criteria with IDF and AHA/NHLBI deinitions was excellent (IDF: 0.902; AHA/NHLBI: 0.862), while the agreement of IDF criteria with ATPIII 2004 and AHA/NHLBI was good (ATPIII 2004:0.719; AHA/NHLBI: 0.756). Conclusions. Although JIS deinition resulted in a higher prevalence of MS than other deinitions, an excellent agreement has been seen between these criteria. Widespread acceptance of JIS deinition may lead to management and therapy in a greater part of the population. Keywords: agreement, insulin resistance, deinitions, prevalence, metabolic syndrome, waist circumferenc