Successful Management of an Aluminum Phosphide Poisoned Patient Following Ventricular Tachycardia

Aluminum Phosphide (ALP) poisoning is regarded as fatal; however, it is commonly used indeveloping countries. In some countries, such as India and Iran, it is still being used to protectgrain against pests at home. As yet, no known antidote is reported to be effective against ALPpoisoning. ALP acts through blockage of cell respiration, alteration of cell permeability, andinduction of oxidative stress. Some factors can worsen the prognosis of its intoxication, whichinclude hyperglycemia on admission, ingestion of fresh tablets, cardiac abnormality, especiallyVentricular Tachycardia (VT), severe metabolic acidosis, cardiogenic shock and other typesof shocks, electrolyte disturbances, end-organ damage, and a need for mechanical ventilation.ALP kills its victims by induction of multi-organ failure.In this study, we controlled the patient’s VT using MgSO4, electric shock, amiodarone, andlidocaine. We also encountered the cardiogenic shock using norepinephrine, High-Dose Insulin(HDI), antioxidants, sodium bicarbonate, and normal saline. Moreover, myocardial ischemia,recurrent VTs, and adverse cardiac effects were protected via tight control of magnesium andother electrolytes

A case report of neurofibromatosis

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disease characterized by multifocal benign tumors of peripheral nerves, called neurofibromas, and pigmented spots on the skin which inherited as autosomal-dominant. The most common form of the disease is neurofibromatosis type 1, also known as von Recklinghausen's disease of the skin. When an individual has small number of lesions in a limited region of the his body, it could be missed by the patient or not acknowledged by the clinicians as a form of neurofibromatosis. We present here, a case of an 18-year-old male with neurofibromatosis type 1who referred to Babol Dental School for a routine dental examination

Long‐term Cardiovascular Risks Associated With an Elevated Heart Rate: The Framingham Heart Study

Background: Higher heart rate has been associated with an adverse prognosis, but most prior studies focused on individuals with known cardiovascular disease or examined a limited number of outcomes. We sought to examine the association of baseline heart rate with both fatal and nonfatal outcomes during 2 decades of follow‐up. Methods and Results: Our study included 4058 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean age 55 years, 56% women). Cox models were performed with multivariable adjustment for clinical risk factors and physical activity. A total of 708 participants developed incident cardiovascular disease (303 heart failure, 343 coronary heart disease, and 216 stroke events), 48 received a permanent pacemaker, and 1186 died. Baseline heart rate was associated with incident cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15 per 1 SD [11 bpm] increase in heart rate, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.24, P=0.0002), particularly heart failure (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.48, P<0.0001). Higher heart rate was also associated with higher all‐cause (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24, P<0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.33, P=0.01). Spline analyses did not suggest a lower threshold beyond which the benefit of a lower heart rate abated or increased. In contrast, individuals with a higher heart rate had a lower risk of requiring permanent pacemaker placement (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.79, P=0.001). Conclusions: Individuals with a higher heart rate are at elevated long‐term risk for cardiovascular events, in particular, heart failure, and all‐cause death. On the other hand, a higher heart rate is associated with a lower risk of future permanent pacemaker implantation

Metabolite Profiles During Oral Glucose Challenge

To identify distinct biological pathways of glucose metabolism, we conducted a systematic evaluation of biochemical changes after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a community-based population. Metabolic profiling was performed on 377 nondiabetic Framingham Offspring cohort participants (mean age 57 years, 42% women, BMI 30 kg/m2) before and after OGTT. Changes in metabolite levels were evaluated with paired Student t tests, cluster-based analyses, and multivariable linear regression to examine differences associated with insulin resistance. Of 110 metabolites tested, 91 significantly changed with OGTT (P ≤ 0.0005 for all). Amino acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates decreased after OGTT, and glycolysis products increased, consistent with physiological insulin actions. Other pathways affected by OGTT included decreases in serotonin derivatives, urea cycle metabolites, and B vitamins. We also observed an increase in conjugated, and a decrease in unconjugated, bile acids. Changes in β-hydroxybutyrate, isoleucine, lactate, and pyridoxate were blunted in those with insulin resistance. Our findings demonstrate changes in 91 metabolites representing distinct biological pathways that are perturbed in response to an OGTT. We also identify metabolite responses that distinguish individuals with and without insulin resistance. These findings suggest that unique metabolic phenotypes can be unmasked by OGTT in the prediabetic state

A Critical Review on the Bioavailability Promotion of the Food Bioactive Compounds: Nano Lipid Carriers Perspective

Currently, a large number of people favor meals that are rich in nutraceuticals and phytochemical compounds, which help with the treatment or prevention of chronic diseases. Oral bioavailability is a crucial component of phytochemical bioefficiency, and endogenous mechanisms have a significant impact on how well nutraceuticals and phytochemicals are absorbed by the body. In addition to endogenous variables, exogenous factors that impact the bioavailability of bioactives include the food matrix, food processing, and food storage. Different delivery systems have evolved in this regard, and nanoscale delivery tools have also been created. Delivery methods that use nanostructured lipid carriers show benefits such as enhanced loading capacity, solubility, encapsulation effectiveness, storage stability, bioavailability, and half-life. They also provide safe food systems and regulated release. In this review, the outcomes of recent experimental reports are comprehensively reviewed. In addition, the food processing, storage, gut milieu circumstances, the release process from the food and nano delivery systems in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) milieu, interactions with other GIT constituents, main delivery systems based on nanostructured lipid carriers for their encapsulation and eventually encapsulating technological barriers, food safety concerns, and regulatory issues of nutraceutical and phytochemical compounds are discussed

Common Genetic Variation at the IL1RL1 Locus Regulates IL-33/ST2 Signaling

The suppression of tumorigenicity 2/IL-33 (ST2/IL-33) pathway has been implicated in several immune and inflammatory diseases. ST2 is produced as 2 isoforms. The membrane-bound isoform (ST2L) induces an immune response when bound to its ligand, IL-33. The other isoform is a soluble protein (sST2) that is thought to be a decoy receptor for IL-33 signaling. Elevated sST2 levels in serum are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We investigated the determinants of sST2 plasma concentrations in 2,991 Framingham Offspring Cohort participants. While clinical and environmental factors explained some variation in sST2 levels, much of the variation in sST2 production was driven by genetic factors. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS), multiple SNPs within IL1RL1 (the gene encoding ST2) demonstrated associations with sST2 concentrations. Five missense variants of IL1RL1 correlated with higher sST2 levels in the GWAS and mapped to the intracellular domain of ST2, which is absent in sST2. In a cell culture model, IL1RL1 missense variants increased sST2 expression by inducing IL-33 expression and enhancing IL-33 responsiveness (via ST2L). Our data suggest that genetic variation in IL1RL1 can result in increased levels of sST2 and alter immune and inflammatory signaling through the ST2/IL-33 pathway.Stem Cell and Regenerative Biolog

Comparison of breast cancer survival in two populations: Ardabil, Iran and British Columbia, Canada

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Patterns in survival can provide information about the burden and severity of cancer, help uncover gaps in systemic policy and program delivery, and support the planning of enhanced cancer control systems. The aim of this paper is to describe the one-year survival rates for breast cancer in two populations using population-based cancer registries: Ardabil, Iran, and British Columbia (BC), Canada.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>All newly diagnosed cases of female breast cancer were identified in the Ardabil cancer registry from 2003 to 2005 and the BC cancer registry for 2003. The International Classification of Disease for Oncology (ICDO) was used for coding cancer morphology and topography. Survival time was determined from cancer diagnosis to death. Age-specific one-year survival rates, relative survival rates and weighted standard errors were calculated using life-tables for each country.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Breast cancer patients in BC had greater one-year survival rates than patients in Ardabil overall and for each age group under 60.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These findings support the need for breast cancer screening programs (including regular clinical breast examinations and mammography), public education and awareness regarding early detection of breast cancer, and education of health care providers.</p

Atrial natriuretic peptide is negatively regulated by microRNA-425

Numerous common genetic variants have been linked to blood pressure, but no underlying mechanism has been elucidated. Population studies have revealed that the variant rs5068 (A/G) in the 3′ untranslated region of NPPA, the gene encoding atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is associated with blood pressure. We selected individuals on the basis of rs5068 genotype (AG vs. AA) and fed them a low- or high-salt diet for 1 week, after which they were challenged with an intravenous saline infusion. On both diets, before and after saline administration, ANP levels were up to 50% higher in AG individuals than in AA individuals, a difference comparable to the changes induced by high-salt diet or saline infusion. In contrast, B-type natriuretic peptide levels did not differ by rs5068 genotype. We identified a microRNA, miR-425, that is expressed in human atria and ventricles and is predicted to bind the sequence spanning rs5068 for the A, but not the G, allele. miR-425 silenced NPPA mRNA in an allele-specific manner, with the G allele conferring resistance to miR-425. This study identifies miR-425 as a regulator of ANP production, raising the possibility that miR-425 antagonists could be used to treat disorders of salt overload, including hypertension and heart failure

Study of the evolution of geodesic domes from the point of view of the structures of dome spacecraft

Today, with the advancement of science and technology, there are new needs and demands in the field of structural engineering. The time factor in constructing structures has doubled, and this has increased the tendency towards prefabricated structures. Also, with the increase in human populations, there has been a strong interest in having large spaces without the presence of middle pillars. In this regard, from the beginning of the century, a number of experts were attracted to the unique capabilities of spacecraft. With the publication of these results, the field was welcomed more and more day by day, with the passing of several decades, the study of space structures is still at the center of the experts and students of civilization. If the grid is curved in two directions, it is called a dome. Perhaps a dome is a part of a sphere or a cone with multiple joints. In general, domes are highly rigid structures. Examples of domes can be diamonds and gyodecic domes. In this paper, geodesic domes have been analyzed from the point of view of the discussion of structures of dome space spaces in the geodesic dome. A geodesic dome (or a dome constructed with geometric surfaces) has a spherical or semi-spherical shell structure or a grid shell based on a grid of large interconnected (geodesic) loops on its surface. Geodesic domes are formed by subdivisions. Polygons are more stable because they form triangles at any time. The geodesics cut each other to form triangular elements to increase their internal strength and also increase the power of distribution of stress at the level of their structure. With more divisions on the surface, the dome gets smoother and more flexible

Evaluation the learning styles of dental students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

Background: Knowledge of students’ learning styles can facilitate changing teaching methods according to their learning styles and subsequently improve their educational performance. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the learning styles of dental students at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2020 on 184 dental students at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The dental students at the 5th semester and higher academic levels were selected through the census method, and the data were collected using the VARK Learning Styles Self-Assessment Questionnaire. This is a standard 16-item multiple-choice assessment that identifies preferred learning styles: visual (V), auditory (A), reading/writing (R), and kinesthetic (K). The collected data were analyzed with SPSS V.24  and using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, etc.) and inferential statistics (independent samples t-test). Results: 184 students including 94 men (51%) and 90 women (49%) with an average age of 22.7 years participated in this study. The results showed that the students at Sari Dental School follow different learning styles, and the aural style (37.5%) was the most frequently preferred style for them. However, a significant difference was found between male and female students in terms of their preferred learning styles (p=0.608). Conclusion: Improving the quality of education requires taking learning styles in the teaching profession and educational tools into account. Teachers’ knowledge of the types of learning styles and choosing the style that is most consistent with students’ learning styles can significantly improve the efficiency of educational courses