3-[(1-Hy­droxy-1-phenyl­propan-2-yl)amino]-5,5-dimethyl­cyclo­hex-2-enone

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H23NO2, consists of two crystallographically independent mol­ecules (A and B). The cyclo­hexene rings in both mol­ecules adopt an envelope conformation. In the crystal, independent mol­ecules, A and B, are each linked by inter­molecular bifurcated (N,O)—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating R 2 1(7) ring motifs and forming infinite chains along the b axis

Radiotracer Studies of the Fluorine Bond Lability of Some Binary Fluorides

Fluorine bond lability with respect to exchange is an important chemical property of binary fluorides. This can be useful in predicting new synthetic routes for derivatives of fluorine compounds or elucidating the mechanisms of processes taking place at fluorinated surfaces. In the present study fluorine bond lability with respect to exchange of some fluoroanions namely, boron, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, niobium and tantalum has been investigated during their interaction with [18F]-labelled hexafluorides of molybdenum, tungsten and uranium in acetonitrile. Two distinct types of exchange behaviour are identified among the fluoroanions. It is firmly established that the M-F bond (M = B,P, Nb and Ta) in BF4-, PF6-, NbF6 and TaF6- is labile with respect to exchange whereas the As-F and Sb-F bonds in AsF6- and SbF6- are inert although AsF6- is found to exchange in the presence of UF5 18F under the same conditions. The latter result is consistent with the higher fluoride ion affinity of UF6 as compared with that of MoF6 or WF6. An associative mechanism is used to account for the fluorine exchange of BF4-, PF6- NbF6-, TaF6- and AsF6- although a dissociative mechanism can not be ruled out. The difference in the fluoride bond lability among the fluoroanions under investigation is consistent with the difference in the Lewis acidity order of their parent fluorides. Evidence for the existence of the heptafluoromolybdate(VI) ion in solution has been obtained for the first time in this study by reaction between CsF and MoF5 18F in MeCN. The existence of the heptafluorotungstate(VI) ion in solution is confirmed by reaction between CsF and WF5 18F in MeCN. Both ions are assigned in the symmetry. The fluorine bond lability with respect to exchange of MoF7- and WF7- has been investigated both under homogeneous (MeCN) and heterogeneous (gas plus solid) conditions in the presence of MF5 18F (M = Mo, W or U). The WF7- ion has been used as its copper(II), thallium(I), nitrosonium and caesium salts whereas MoF7- ion has been used as its caesium salt only. All systems are found to undergo rapid and complete [18F]-fluorine exchange with MF518F (M = Mo or W) in MeCN at room temperature and below (253K). The nature of the cation does not have any effect on the exchange behaviour of the systems. However under heterogeneous conditions the same systems undergo partial exchange in the presence of MF5 18F (M = Mo, W or U). In MeCN the experimental observations are consistent with, but do not prove, a displacement mechanism for the exchange and an associative mechanism can not be ruled out. Under hetero- geneous conditions fluorine exchange is best accounted for by an associative mechanism. The partial exchange of [ 18F]-fluorine is ascribed to the anion-cation interaction. The reaction between activated caesium fluoride and MF5-18F (M = Mo, W and U) results in the formation of more than one species, MoF7- , WF7- and UF8 2- being the major ones. The formation of more than one species is ascribed to the lack of uniformity of the surface reactions. The amount of hexa- fluoroacetone used during the activation of CsF is found to have a direct effect on its reactivity and most probably its surface area. [ 18F]-Fluorine exchange is observed only when uptakes of MF6 are considerable. The exchange is shown to take place between the adsorbed species and free hexafluorides. An associative mechanism similar to that between MF7- (M = Mo or W) and MF518F (M= Mo,W or U)under heterogeneous conditions is used to account for the exchange between adsorbed species and free MF518F (M = Mo, W). The interaction of MF518F (M = Mo, W and U) with CuF2 and T1F under heterogeneous conditions results in a smaller uptake and [18F]-fluorine exchange in the case of CuF2 as compared with T1F. In neither case has it been possible to determine the nature of the adsorbed species. The difference in affinity for the hexafluorides between T1F and CuF2 is consistent with the difference in the Lewis acidity of T1+ and Cu2+. The reaction between tris(dimethylamino)sulphonium difluorotrimethylsilicate, TAS+F , and MF6 (M = Mo and W) in MeCN yields a brown viscous liquid thought to be due to either the formation of MF7- or MF5NMe2 (M = Mo and W) species. It is shown that the reaction between TAS+F- and BF3 or PF5 results in the formation of colourless crystalline TAS+BF4- or TAS+PF6- salts respectively. Complete [18F]-fluorine exchange between TAS +F- and [18F]-labelled Me3SiF is found to take place in MeCN most probably via an associative mechanism

Identifying common user behaviour in multilingual search logs

The LADS (Log Analysis for Digital Societies) task at CLEF aims at investigating user actions in a multilingual setting. We carried out an analysis of search logs with the objectives of investigating how users from different linguistic or cultural backgrounds behave in search, and how the discovery of patterns in user actions could be used for community identification. The findings confirm that users from a different background behave differently, and that there are identifiable patterns in the user actions. The findings suggest that there is scope for further investigation of how search logs can be exploited to personalise and improve cross-language search as well as improve the TEL search system

DCU-TCD@LogCLEF 2010: re-ranking document collections and query performance estimation

This paper describes the collaborative participation of Dublin City University and Trinity College Dublin in LogCLEF 2010. Two sets of experiments were conducted. First, different aspects of the TEL query logs were analysed after extracting user sessions of consecutive queries on a topic. The relation between the queries and their length (number of terms) and position (first query or further reformulations) was examined in a session with respect to query performance estimators such as query scope, IDF-based measures, simplified query clarity score, and average inverse document collection frequency. Results of this analysis suggest that only some estimator values show a correlation with query length or position in the TEL logs (e.g. similarity score between collection and query). Second, the relation between three attributes was investigated: the user's country (detected from IP address), the query language, and the interface language. The investigation aimed to explore the influence of the three attributes on the user's collection selection. Moreover, the investigation involved assigning different weights to the three attributes in a scoring function that was used to re-rank the collections displayed to the user according to the language and country. The results of the collection re-ranking show a significant improvement in Mean Average Precision (MAP) over the original collection ranking of TEL. The results also indicate that the query language and interface language have more in uence than the user's country on the collections selected by the users

School Violence and its Effects on Children's Attitudes towards Education and their Academic Achievement: Research Study

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of violence against school children in the Gaza Strip, and to understand its causes and its impact on the children's level of anxiety and attitudes towards learning. Stratified random sample was taken. The sample consisted of 300 students in the ninth grade from Nuseirat refugee camp, and the number of valid questions was 247. The researchers used three tools to identify the level of school violence against children, their level of anxiety, their attitudes towards learning, and their academic achievement. The results of the study show that the children studied here were subject to a high degree of physical and psychological violence from their teachers who practiced violence on them as a form of punishment. The results also show that there were statistically significant differences in the level of violence against children between students in governmental schools, private schools and UNRWA schools for the favor of UNRWA students. In addition, there were statistically significant differences based on gender for the favor of female teachers.Moreover, the results show that there were statistically significant differences in the degree of anxiety of children between students exposed to low-level of violence and students exposed to high level of violence in favor of students exposed to high level of violence. Furthermore, the results show that there were statistically significant differences in the degree of children's attitudes towards learning between students exposed to low-level of violence and students exposed to high level of violence in favor of students exposed to low level of violence.The results also show that there were statistically significant differences in the degree of the academic achievement of children between students exposed to low-level of violence and students exposed to high level of violence in favor of students exposed to low level of violence. Key words: violence, anxiety, attitudes towards learning, academic achievement

Absolute configuration of (1S,2S)-3-methyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro­thia­zolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-5-one

The absolute structure of the molecule in the crystal of the title compound, C17H14N2OS, was determined by the refinement of the Flack parameter to 0.0 (2) based on 1011 Friedel pairs. The quinazoline ring is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.037 (2) Å. The thia­zole ring is distorted from planarity [maximum deviation = 0.168 (2) Å] and adopts a slightly twisted envelope conformation, with the C atom as the flap atom. The central thia­zole ring makes dihedral angles of 7.01 (8) and 76.80 (10)° with the quinazoline and phenyl rings, respectively. The corresponding angle between the quinazoline and phenyl rings is 3.74 (9)°. In the crystal, there are no classical hydrogen bonds but stabilization is provided by weak C—H⋯π inter­actions, involving the centroids of the phenyl rings

INDUSTRIALIZATION OF MEDROXY PROGESTERONE ACETATE IN PROLONGED PARENTAL SUSPENSION (PART I)

Objective: Medroxy progesterone acetate (MPA) is structurally related to progesterone it is given by mouth or by intramuscular (IM) as a contraceptive in an aqueous suspension injection. It was reported that the MPA suspension was chemically and physically unstable due to a reaction between the different excipients. Evaluate the effect of different antioxidants as L-cysteine, ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulfate and D-L methionine (DLM) on the stability of MPA in suspension formula, as well as comparative studies was conducted to evaluate the most promising formula with the marketed product. On the other hand, the thermal and photo-stability study for the selected formula was done to determine the conditions of storage on the product formula.Methods: Four preparations were prepared by adding either DLM (0.15 gm %), ascorbic acid (0.03 gm %), sodium metabisulfate (SMBS) (0.25 gm) or combination of SMBS with ascorbic acid as an antioxidant, all ingredients we mixed together using (Heidolph) homogenizeResults: Indicate that, the formula contains 0.3 gm of polysorbate 80, PVP, paraben ester and 0.13 gm % phosphate buffer with DLM or ascorbic acid as an antioxidant revealed acceptable pH stability which was studied by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction and particle size analysis.Conclusion: Formula with DLM (F-DLM) showed good rheological behavior. Thermal degradation of the suspension formula with ascorbic acid (F-ascorbic acid) or DLM revealed acceptable shelf life for more than 4 years for F-DLM and about 2 years for the F-ascorbic acid while the two formulae exhibited dramatic photo degradation under UV lamp of the 3 month studyÂ

Multilingual adaptive search for digital libraries

This paper describes a framework for Adaptive Multilingual Information Retrieval (AMIR) which allows multilingual resource discovery and delivery using on-the-fly machine translation of documents and queries. Result documents are presented to the user in a contextualised manner. Challenges and affordances of both Adaptive and Multilingual IR, with a particular focus on Digital Libraries, are detailed. The framework components are motivated by a series of results from experiments on query logs and documents from The European Library. We conclude that factoring adaptivity and multilinguality aspects into the search process can enhance the user’s experience with online Digital Libraries

(E)-4-Amino-N-(1,2-dihydro­pyridin-2-yl­idene)benzene­sulfonamide nitro­methane monosolvate

In the title solvate, C11H11N3O2S·CH3NO2, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the N-containing ring is 85.94 (11)°, and an approximate V shape arises for the sulfonamide mol­ecule. In the crystal, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O inter­actions link the sulfonamide mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. The nitro­methane solvent mol­ecules are located in the inter­stitial sites in the sulfonamide network

Sinteza, in vitro antitumorsko ispitivanje i radiosenzitirajuće vrednovanje novih derivata 4-[3-(supstituiranih)tioureido]-N-(kinoksalin-2-il)benzensulfonamida

Sulfonamides and quinoxaline derivatives possess many types of biological activities and have been recently reported to show substantial antitumor activity. This paper reports the synthesis of novel thioureidosulfaquinoxaline derivatives. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against a human liver cell line (HEPG2) and showed higher activity than the reference drug doxorubicin. 4-(3-(4-Ethylbenzoate)thioureido)-N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (9) (IC50 = 15.6 µmol L1), N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(3-(4-(N-quinoxalin-2-yl-sulfamoyl)phenyl)thioureido)benzene-sulfonamide (10) (IC50 = 26.8 µmol L1) and N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)-4-(3-(4-(N-thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl)thioureido)benzenesulfonamide (11) (IC50 = 24.4 µmol L1) were the most potent compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 71.8 µmol L1). The most potent compounds 9, 10 and 11 were evaluated as radiosensitizing agents by subjecting the compounds to γ-irradiation (8 kGy).Derivati sulfonamida i kinoksalina imaju raznoliko biološko djelovanje, između ostalog i antitumorsko djelovanje. U radu je opisana sinteza novih derivata tioureido sulfakinoksalina. Svim novim spojevima ispitano je antitumorsko djelovanje in vitro na humanoj staničnoj liniji jetre (HEPG 2). Svi ispitani spojevi pokazuju jači učinak nego referentni lijek doksorubicin. Najjači učinak imali su 4-(3-(4-etilbenzoat)tioureido)-N-(kinoksalin-2-il)benzen-sulfonamid (9) (IC50 = 15,6 µmol L1), N-(piridin-2-il)-4-(3-(4-(N-kinoksalin-2-il-sulfamoil)fenil)tioureido)-benzen-sulfonamid (10) (IC50 = 26,8 µmol L1) i N-(kinoksalin-2-il)-4-(3-(4-(N-tiazol-2-ilsulfamoil)fenil)tioureido)benzen-sulfonamid (11) (IC50 = 24,4 µmol L1), dok je IC50 vrijednost bila 71,8 µmol L1. Najaktivniji spojevi 9, 10 i 11 evaluirani su kao radziosenzitirajuća sredstva nakon izlaganja spojeva γ-zračenju (8 kGy)