Assessment of the Prevalence of Staphylococcus Areus in Nose of the Surgical Staff of Hajar and kashani's Hospital in 2015

زمینه و هدف: استافیلوکوک طلایی یکی از شایع ترین علل عفونت های بیمارستانی است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی میزان فراوانی حاملین بینی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و ارتباط آن با آلودگی صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مقاله تحقیقاتی کوتاه در مرحله ی اول، نمونه ها به صورت تصادفی از دست کارکنان بخش های مختلف بیمارستان کاشانی و هاجر شهرکرد اخذ شد و پس از کشت، نتایج توسط نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون های آماری کای اسکویر و دقیق فیشر مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: از 90 نفری که در مرحله ی اول انتخاب شدند، 44 نفر (8/48) در هر دو نوبت، نمونه ی دست آلوده داشتند. ارتباط معنی داری از نظر آماری بین تعداد حاملین بینی و آلودگی دست ها مشاهده شد (0/05>P). نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که حاملین بینی استافیلوکوک طلایی می توانند باعث آلودگی دست ها به این باکتری شده و این امر به انتشار این باکتری به خصوص در محیط بیمارستانی کمک می نماید

A new DEA-GAHP method for supplier selection problem

Supplier selection is one of the most important decisions made in supply chain management. Supplier evaluation problem has been in the center of supply chain researcher’s attention in these years. Managers regard some of these studies and methods inappropriate due to simple, weight scoring methods that generally are based on subjective opinions and judgments of decision maker units involved in the supplier evaluation process yielding imprecise and even unreliable results. This paper seeks to propose a methodology to integrate data envelopment analysis (DEA) and group analytical hierarchy process (GAHP) for evaluating and selecting the most efficient supplier. We develop a methodology, which consists of 6 steps, one by one has been introduced in lecture and finally applicability of proposed method is indicated by assessing 12 suppliers in a numerical example

Ibactericidal and bacteriostatic in vitro effects of teucrium chamaedrys hydroalcoholic extract on two bacterial causative agents of tooth decay

Tooth decay is a prevalent dental disease and Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus rhamnosis are the most important bacterial causes of tooth decay. Because of the increased antibiotic resistance of bacteria and the side effects of antibiotics, this study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect of hydroalcoholic Teucrium Chamaedrys extraction S.mutans and L.rhamnosis. In this experimental-laboratory study, T.chamaedrys was extracted by maceration, and the standard strains of lyophilized S.mutans and L.rhamnosis were provided from Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology for investigation of T.chamaedrys effect on their growth. The antibacterial effect of hydroalcoholic T.chamaedrys was investigated on S.mutans and L.rhamnosis and then minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The MIC of T. chamaedrys was obtained 128 and 32 μg/L against S.mutans and L.rhamnosis, respectively. The MBC of T.chamaedrys was obtained 256 and 64 μg/L against S.mutans and L.rhamnosis, respectively. T.chamaedrys bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on L.rhamnosis and S.mutans, two bacterial causative agents of dental cavity show that it might be used for prevention of dental cavity due to these patogens

Prevalence of constitutive and inducible resistance to clindamycin in staphylococci isolates from Hajar and Kashani hospitals in Shahrekord, 2014

چکیده مقدمه: مقاومت به کلیندامایسین در استافیلوکوکها به دو صورت بنیادی و القایی ایجاد می شود. درسویه هایی از این باکتریها که به اریترومایسین مقاوم هستند، ممکن است مقاومت القایی به کلیندامایسین نیز رخ دهد که با روش‌های معمول آنتی بیوگرام قابل تشخیص نیست. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین فنوتیپ های القایی مقاوم به کلیندامایسین در سویه‌های استافیلوکوک جدا شده ازبیماران بستری در بیمارستان‌های هاجر و کاشانی شهرکرد انجام شد. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی –تحلیلی برروی 200 ایزوله استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و استافیلوکوک کواگولاز منفی مقاوم به متی سیلین که ازنمونه های بالینی بیماران جدا شده بودند با استفاده ازروش دیسک دیفیوژن انجام گرفت. مقاومت به کلیندامایسین درایزوله ها یی که به اریترومایسین مقاوم بودند، با ظهورهاله حساسیت به شکل D مشخص گردید. یافته‌ها: از بین 200 ایزوله استافیلوکوک مقاوم به متی سیلین، فنوتیپ D در ۶ ایزوله (3) (یک ایزوله استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و ۵ ایزوله استافیلوکوک کواگولاز منفی) مشاهده شد. در چهار ایزوله فنوتیپ مثبت Dمشاهده شد. 13 ایزوله نیز فنوتیپ D منفی رانشان دادند. نتیجه گیری: تست تعیین مقاومتهای القایی روش مناسبی برای شناسایی الگوهای مقاومت در بین سویه های مختلف استافیلوکوک می باشد. به نظر می رسد انجام تست D درسویه های با فنوتیپ مقاوم به اریترومایسین ضروری بوده، وبا انجام این آزمایش می توان گزارش صحیح تری از حساسیت واقعی این سویه ها نسبت به کلیندامایسین ارائه داد. واژگان کلیدی: تست القا، کلیندامایسین، استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، استافیلوکوکهای کوآگولازمنف

Determination and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia in patients referred to the educational hospitals of Shahrekord in 2013

زمینه و هدف: شیوع مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی بین باکتری های پاتوژن به مسئله جدی جهانی تبدیل شده است. کلبسیلا پنومونیه از مهم ترین پاتوژن های فرصت طلب است که باعث عفونت های اکتسابی از بیمارستان و جامعه می شود. گسترش جهانی سویه های دارای مقاومت چندگانه (MDR) یک نگرانی جدی است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی و شیوع مقاومت چندگانه کلبسیلا پنومونیه از بیمارستان های آموزشی شهرکرد است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه مقطعی- تحلیلی، 136 ایزوله کلبسیلا پنومونیه از نمونه های ادرار، خون، زخم، خلط جدا شد و با استفاده از آزمون های استاندارد بیوشیمیایی تعیین هویت شد. مقاومت ایزوله ها نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک های: آمیکاسین، سفالوتین، کوتریماکسازول، جنتامایسین، سفوتاکسیم، نیتروفورانتوئین، نالیدیکسیک اسید، سیپروفلوکساسین، تتراسایکلین، کلرآمفی نیکل، ایمی پنم و نورفلوکساسین به روش دیسک دیفیوژن طبق دستورالعمل CLSI مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج حاصل، میزان مقاومت ایزوله ها به کوتریماکسازول 1/58، سفالوتین 9/52، تتراسایکلین 8/47، سفوتاکسیم 7/39، جنتامایسین 8/36، نیتروفورانتوئین و کلرآمفی نیکل 7/25، آمیکاسین 3/21، نورفلوکساسین 8/11، نالیدیکسیک اسید 9/19 و سیپروفلوکساسین و ایمی پنم 6/9 بود. از کل ایزوله ها، 81 نمونه (6/59) دارای مقاومت دارویی چندگانه بودند. نتیجه گیری: کلبسیلا پنومونیه دارای مقاومت چندگانه یک خطر جدی برای بیماران مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان های شهرکرد است؛ بنابراین نظارت بر مصرف آنتی بیوتیک ها و تعیین سویه های مقاوم به چند دارو می تواند از توسعه مقاومت در باکتری ها جلوگیری کند

Antibacterial Effect of The Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Four Iranian Medicinal Plants on Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumanii

Acquiring infectious diseases due to resistant infectious agents leads to serious problems such as taking higher doses of antibiotics, additional treatments, lengthened hospital stay, and imposing additional costs. The aim of the current study is to study antibacterial effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of four Iranian medicinal plants, occurring in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, on Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumanii. In this experimental study, the hydroalcoholic extracts of the plants were prepared by maceration. To investigate the antibacterial effects, microdilution and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were used. DMSO and distilled water were used as solvent. The MIC and MBC of Dianthus orientalis, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Euphorbia sp., and Acanthophyllum glandulosum Bunge ex Boiss. for S. aureus were derived 4, 0.5, 2, and 2 mg/ml and 16, 8, 8, and 16 mg/ml, respectively. Also the MIC and MBC of plants for A. baumanii were derived 4, 1, 0.5, and 2 mg/ml and 16, 8, 8, and 32 mg/ml, respectively. The greatest antibacterial effect was displayed by Z. clinopodioides on S. aureus. The greatest bactericidal effect on A. baumanii was exerted by the recently identified species, Euphorbia sp. These plants can serve as suitable choices to produce antibiotics to fight treatment-resistant bacteria

Detection of FimH Gene in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of main health problems caused by many microorganisms, including uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC strains are the most frequent pathogens responsible for 85% and 50% of community and hospital acquired UTIs, respectively. UPEC strains have special virulence factors, including type 1 fimbriae, which can result in worsening of UTIs. Objectives: This study was performed to detect type 1 fimbriae (the FimH gene) among UPEC strains by molecular method. Materials and Methods: A total of 140 isolated E. coli strains from patients with UTI were identified using biochemical tests and then evaluated for the FimH gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Results: The UPEC isolates were identified using biochemical tests and were screened by PCR. The fimH gene was amplified using specific primers and showed a band about 164 bp. The FimH gene was found in 130 isolates (92.8%) of the UPEC strains. Of 130 isolates positive for the FimH gene, 62 (47.7%) and 68 (52.3%) belonged to hospitalized patients and outpatients, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that more than 90% of E. coli isolates harbored the FimH gene. The high binding ability of FimH could result in the increased pathogenicity of E. coli; thus, FimH could be used as a possible diagnostic marker and/or vaccine candidate

Six Sigma Pilot Project Selections Using an MCDM Approach

Six sigma as a quality management tool is a useful method for achieving competitive advantage over rival companies in the competitive environment of both manufacturing and service enterprises. So successful implementation of six sigma project is very important for top managers, because many companies could not achieve expected results and even completely failed. In this article, we present a model for aiding top managers in selecting the most important appropriate business units for pilot testing of six sigma. For the evaluation of projects, reviewing the literature and decision team’s opinion, we defined six main criteria and relevant sub criteria for use in a MCDM project selection. Projects with maximum co-ordination with business strategic goals and maximum probability of success are prioritized and ranked by an AHP saaty method. Finally we applied the proposed model in a real-life scenario in one of the leading service companies in Iran to show the applicability of the model.Keywords: Six Sigma; Analytical hierarchy process (AHP); MCD

Detection of Exotoxins and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in Clinical Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients. Among different virulence factors, the type III secretion system (TTSS) is an important agent in virulence and development of antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa. Objectives: Previous studies have shown that production of type III secretion system proteins was correlated with increasing virulence and resistance to several antibiotics. In this study we determined the exotoxins genes (exoU and exoS) and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Methods: A total of 175 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from patients hospitalized in educational hospitals of Shahrekord and Chamran hospital of Isfahan, Iran from April to December 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion test. The presence of exotoxins genes was detected using multiplex PCR of exoU and exoS genes. Results: The antibiotic resistance rate was higher than 70% to many antibiotics. The highest rate of resistance was related to Levofloxacin and Meropenem (155 (88.6%), 148 (84.6%)) respectively. The exoU gene was found in 75 (42.9%) isolates and 136 (77.7%) of the isolates carried the exoS. In addition, 36(20.6%) of the isolates carried the both of gens. A statistical significance was detected between the presence of exoU gene and resistance to pipracillin (P = 0.01). Conclusions: The result of this study was indicated a high resistance rate to the most antibiotic classes and a specific relationship between the virulence genotype and antimicrobial resistance especially more virulent genotype of exoU+ . In order to prevent the spread of more virulent strains in health care facilities, molecular methods alongside antimicrobial susceptibility tests is suggested

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Report of a Rare Case in Kidney

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare neoplasm mostly seen in the lungs, but also in extrapulmonary sites. The most common genitourinary site of IMT is the bladder, but it may rarely be seen in the kidneys. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl presented with flank pain and hematuria, in which computed tomography scan revealed a mass in the left kidney. The patient underwent left nephrectomy for a diagnosis of Wilms tumor. Further assessment of the tissue demonstrated a pathologic diagnosis of IMT. Despite improvements in imaging technology, the preoperative diagnosis of IMT remains difficult and surgery is the only way for the diagnosis and treatment. Considering the role of the pathologic examination in making the definite diagnosis of IMT, we should be aware of this entity and it must be considered in the differential diagnoses