EFEKTIVITAS ANTIFUNGI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN SIRIH (Piper betle) TERHADAP Trichophyton verrucosum SECARA IN VITRO

Daun sirih (Piper betle L.) diketahui mempunyai efek antifungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek daun sirih sebagai antifungi secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikologi, Balai Besar Penelitian Veteriner (BB Litvet) tahun 2012. Bahan penelitian adalah ekstrak etanol dan minyak atsiri. Fungi (cendawan) yang digunakan dalam pengujian ini adalah Trichophyton verrucosum, yaitu cendawan jenis kapang, penyebab penyakit kurap pada kulit (dermatofitosis) hewan dan manusia. Media yang digunakan, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Hasil penelitian ditentukan dengan perolehaan nilai konsentrasi hambat minimal (KHM). Bahan uji diencerkan dengan pengenceran ganda 6,250; 3,125; 1,56; 0,78; dan 0,39% untuk ekstrak etanol, dan 12,50; 6,250; 3,125; 1,56; 0,78; dan 0,39% untuk minyak atsiri. Koloni cendawan yang diuji ditumbuhkan pada media SDA dalam cawan petri selama 7 hari, masing-masing disuspensikan dengan aquades steril. Suspensi terdiri dari hifa dan sel spora. Kedua bahan yang diuji dituangkan ke dalam cawan petri steril dengan perbandingan 1:1, masing-masing 1 ml. Suspensi cendawan tanpa ekstrak atau minyak atsiri dituangkan ke dalam cawan petri sebagai kontrol negatif (0%). Media SDA yang masih cair dituangkan sebanyak 20 ml ke masing-masing petri. Inkubasi pada suhu 37oC selama 7 hari. Pengujian dilakukan dua kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi hambat minimal (KHM) ekstrak etanol adalah 1,56%, dan minyak atsiri 12,5%. Ekstrak etanol mempunyai efek antifungi yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan minyak atsiri

The preparation of Dermatophilus congolensis antigen and its testing by means of immunodiffusion test and electrophoresis

The filtrate antigen ofDermatophilus congolensis was prepared based on the Makinde method, whereas the whole cell antigen was based on the Bida and Kelley method. Filtrate antigen of Dermatophilus congolensis has been tested with positive serum from experimental animals, guinea pigs and sheep by means of immurrodiffitsion test and electrophoresis . Positive serum was produced by inoculation of whole cell antigen of D. congolensis to the animals . The results showed that the immunodiffusion test resulted in one and two precipitation lines with positive serum of sheep and guinea pigs respectively. Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE presented about 8 bands with molecular weight in the range from above 30 kD to more than 94 kD. The bands were then transferred into nitrocellulose membrane and gave positive reaction with positive serum from sheep.   Key words : Antigen, Dermatophilus congolensis, immunodiffusion, electrophoresi

Cendawan Penyebab Abortus Dalam Alat Reproduksi Sapi Betina [Fungi Causing Abortion in Reproductive Track of Cow]

The study on cases of abortion in cow caused by fungi have never been reported so far in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to get prevalence of cows have not and have aborted, both have reproductive disorder, and health cattles associated with percentage of fungi isolated.The study included both field survey and laboratory examination of samples. The samples of vaginal fluid were collected by using cotton swabs in cow which had suffered abortion or cow had repeated breeding, as well as freeze dried semen for artificial insemination (AI), and also examining the occurrence of abortion in cattle. The samples were collected in Sukabumi and Bandung, and then cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar by stretch method, followed by incubation at 37oC. Number of samples collected consisted of 56 samples of cattle which had suffered from abortion and cow that had reproductive problems; 38 samples as control; five samples of freeze dried semen. There were no cases of abortion observed when field survey was conducted, therefore organ samples were not available for pathological and histophathological examination. Further examination on growth rate of yeast showed 20% of yeast presented in cows with abortion, 17% in cows with reproductive problem and 14% in normal cattle. On the other hand,there were samples that did not show any growth of yeast recorded f rom cows with abortion (15%)cattle with reproductive problem (7%) and normal cows (27%). Meanwhile, only twowith 2 yeast growth observed in semen samples. It was concluded that samples from cattles with reproductive problems (with and without aborted experiences) showed higher number of growth of yeasts compared with normal cow (P0,05)

CENDAWAN PENYEBAB ABORTUS DALAM ALAT REPRODUKSI SAPI BETINA

The study on cases of abortion in cow caused by fungi have never been reported so far in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to get prevalence of cows have not and have aborted, both have reproductive disorder, and health cattles associated with percentage of fungi isolated.The study included both field survey and laboratory examination of samples. The samples of vaginal fluid were collected by using cotton swabs in cow which had suffered abortion or cow had repeated breeding, as well as freeze dried semen for artificial insemination (AI), and also examining the occurrence of abortion in cattle. The samples were collected in Sukabumi and Bandung, and then cultured in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar by stretch method, followed by incubation at 37oC. Number of samples collected consisted of 56 samples of cattle which had suffered from abortion and cow that had reproductive problems; 38 samples as control; five samples of freeze dried semen. There were no cases of abortion observed when field survey was conducted, therefore organ samples were not available for pathological and histophathological examination. Further examination on growth rate of yeast showed 20% of yeast presented in cows with abortion, 17% in cows with reproductive problem and 14% in normal cattle. On the other hand,there were samples that did not show any growth of yeast recorded f rom cows with abortion (15%)cattle with reproductive problem (7%) and normal cows (27%). Meanwhile, only twowith 2 yeast growth observed in semen samples. It was concluded that samples from cattles with reproductive problems (with and without aborted experiences) showed higher number of growth of yeasts compared with normal cow (P0,05)

UJI DAYA HAMBAT DAUN SENGGANI (Melastoma malabathricum L.) TERHADAP Trichophyton mentagrophytees DAN Candida albicans

The in vitro study of" inhibition effect of senggani leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) ethanol extract on Trichophyton mentagrophytees and Candida albicans was conducted by diffusion and dilution method. The extract was diluted into 5%, 10%,15% and 20% for diffusion test, and 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% for dilution test on T. mentagrophytees, and 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% on C. albicans. The results showed that the extract inhibited fungal growth. Agar diffusion test (agar wheel) was observed by diameter of inhibition zone around the wheel. At 20% extract dilution, the diameter mean was estimated 30 mm on T. mentagrophytees, and 21 mm on C. albicans. In dilution test, the result showed Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the extract was 3% on T. mentagrophytees, and 6% on C. albicans. It is concluded that the extract effect of inhibition on T. mentagrophytees is greater than that on C. albicans

Development of serological technique for examination of aspergillosis in chicken

Aspergillosis detection by using serological method has not been reported in Indonesia. In this case, a study was conducted, by using mycelium extract of A. fumigatus as the antigen. Rabbits and chickens were injected with the antigen to produce positive serum (antiserum). The antigen and antiserum were tested serologicaly by Immunodiffusion/Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP), ELISA and Immunoblot. Chicken serum of broiler and layer collected from field were also included in the test. All positive serum of the experimentally animals gave positive results with all methods of serological tests. No bands of precipitation reaction in AGP test with chicken serum from the field. Both chicken and rabbit positive serum with ELISA test showed high Optical Density (OD), while field chicken serum from broiler commonly gave lower OD compared to layer. Immunoblot test of chicken positive serum showed bands of reaction with the antigen in nitrocellulose membrane, approximately on 33, 38, 44, 52, 70, 77, 97, and 110 kDa, meanwhile field chicken serum with high OD in ELISA test, showed bands approximately on 16, 18, 33, 38, 44, 47, 52, 70, 77, 84, 97, and 110 kDa. It means that the field chicken serum contain immunoglobulin molecules has spesific antibody of aspergillus antigen. It is concluded that the ELISA test can be used for screening on chicken aspergillosis in serological methode

Development of serological technique for examination of aspergillosis in chicken

Aspergillosis detection by using serological method has not been reported in Indonesia. In this case, a study was conducted, by using mycelium extract of A. fumigatus as the antigen. Rabbits and chickens were injected with the antigen to produce positive serum (antiserum). The antigen and antiserum were tested serologicaly by Immunodiffusion/Agar Gel Precipitation (AGP), ELISA and Immunoblot. Chicken serum of broiler and layer collected from field were also included in the test. All positive serum of the experimentally animals gave positive results with all methods of serological tests. No bands of precipitation reaction in AGP test with chicken serum from the field. Both chicken and rabbit positive serum with ELISA test showed high Optical Density (OD), while field chicken serum from broiler commonly gave lower OD compared to layer. Immunoblot test of chicken positive serum showed bands of reaction with the antigen in nitrocellulose membrane, approximately on 33, 38, 44, 52, 70, 77, 97, and 110 kDa, meanwhile field chicken serum with high OD in ELISA test, showed bands approximately on 16, 18, 33, 38, 44, 47, 52, 70, 77, 84, 97, and 110 kDa. It means that the field chicken serum contain immunoglobulin molecules has spesific antibody of aspergillus antigen. It is concluded that the ELISA test can be used for screening on chicken aspergillosis in serological methode.     Key Words: Antigen, Aspergillus fumigatus, Serology, Chicke

The preparation of Dermatophilus congolensis antigen and its testing by means of immunodiffusion test and electrophoresis

The filtrate antigen ofDermatophilus congolensis was prepared based on the Makinde method, whereas the whole cell antigen was based on the Bida and Kelley method. Filtrate antigen of Dermatophilus congolensis has been tested with positive serum from experimental animals, guinea pigs and sheep by means of immurrodiffitsion test and electrophoresis . Positive serum was produced by inoculation of whole cell antigen of D. congolensis to the animals . The results showed that the immunodiffusion test resulted in one and two precipitation lines with positive serum of sheep and guinea pigs respectively. Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE presented about 8 bands with molecular weight in the range from above 30 kD to more than 94 kD. The bands were then transferred into nitrocellulose membrane and gave positive reaction with positive serum from sheep

UJI DAYA HAMBAT DAUN SENGGANI (Melastoma Malabathricum L.) TERHADAP Trichophyton Mentagrophytees DAN Candida Albicans [ Inhibition Potential of Melastoma Malabathricum L.) Leaves Against Trichophyton Mentagrophytees and Candida Albicans]

The in vitro study of" inhibition effect of senggani leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) ethanol extract on Trichophyton mentagrophytees and Candida albicans was conducted by diffusion and dilution method. The extract was diluted into 5%, 10%,15% and 20% for diffusion test, and 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% for dilution test on T. mentagrophytees, and 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% on C. albicans. The results showed that the extract inhibited fungal growth. Agar diffusion test (agar wheel) was observed by diameter of inhibition zone around the wheel. At 20% extract dilution, the diameter mean was estimated 30 mm on T. mentagrophytees, and 21 mm on C. albicans. In dilution test, the result showed Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the extract was 3% on T. mentagrophytees, and 6% on C. albicans. It is concluded that the extract effect of inhibition on T. mentagrophytees is greater than that on C. albicans

Dermatophytes Fungi Trichophyton Verrucosum A Causative Agent of Ringworm Disease on Cattle

Ringworm is a superficial mycosis which affected surface parts of the body such as skin, hair, nail or horn. These parts are rich of keratine that required for the fungi to grow. The disease affects both animals and human (zoonosis), and it results in hair loss, crusted of skin, swelling, erythema and itchy. The disease is considered as important because it affects health condition and animal production. The causative agent is fungal dermatophytes group especially Trichophyton verrucosum. Cases occurred in Indonesia and first officially reported and published in 1980 on imported dairy cows from Australia, and a causative agent was identified as Trichophyton verrucosum. Recently, the same cases occurred in young dairy calves and lactating cattle. Pathogenity test in rabbits by artificial infection revealed the growth of the colonies. Post infection and vaccination provide resistency on cattle. Therefore beside therapeutic method, the vaccination program is useful to be included in prevention of the disease