Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Bone Mineral Density, Bone Metabolism Markers and Inflammatory Markers in Healthy Post-menopausal Women: a Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial

AbstractIntroduction: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to positively influence on calcium and bone metabolism in experimental animals and cell culture, but there are limited human data available.Material and Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study was done on 76 healthy post-menopausal women (aged 55.1) which randomly assigned to receive daily four CLA capsules G80 containing 3.2 g isomer blend (50:50% cis-9, trans-11: trans-10, cis-12 isomers) or four capsules containing high oleic sunflower oil as placebo for 12 weeks. Urine and blood samples were collected at weeks 0 and 12 and were analyzed for biomarkers of calcium and bone metabolism and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6). Subjects completed 3-day dietary records during the trial, in weeks 0 (baseline), 6 and 12.Results: supplementation with 3.2 g CLA isomer blend (50:50% cis-9,trans-11:trans-10,cis-12 isomers) for 12 weeks had no significant effects on bone formation markers (serum osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase) or bone resorption (urine C-telopeptide-related fraction of type 1 collagen degradation products), parathyroid hormone (PTH), urinary calcium, urinary creatinine and CTP to creatinine ratio. But serum interlukine-6 did not change significantly over 12 weeks in postmenopausal women.Conclusion: Under the conditions tested in postmenopausal women, 3.2 g CLA isomer blend (50:50% cis-9, trans-11: trans-10, cis-12 isomers) did not affect markers of bone metabolism and calcium

Treatment of combined anterolateral posterolateral rotary instability without PLC reconstruction

زمینه و هدف: درمان ناپایداری ترکیبی ‌چرخشی قدامی - ‌خارجی، خلفی - ‌خارجی زانو ‌معمــولاً بــا اصلاح راستای زانو (Alignment)، بازسازی کمپلکس‌خلفی - خارجی PLC (Posterolateral Complex) و بازسازی لیگامان‌ متقاطع قدامی Anterior Cruciate Ligament) ACL) صورت می‌گیرد. با توجه به سخت بودن این اعمال جراحی و نیاز به بیش از دو مرحله عمل و با توجه به اختلاف ‌نظر در مورد اهمیت کمپلکس خلفی خارجی (PLC) در زانوی والگوس، در این مطالعه نتایج درمان این نوع ناپایداری بدون بازسازی این کمپلکس و با اصلاح واروس و بازسازی ACL به تنهایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. روش‌ بررسی: این مطالعه یک کارآزمایی بالینی است که بر روی 29 بیمار (29 زانو) با ناپایداری ترکیبی چرخشی قدامی‌ - خارجی، خلفی - ‌خارجی انجام گرفت و علایم ذهنی و عینی ناپایداری ثبت شد. آرتروسکوپی برای بیماران انجام شد و برای اصلاح واروس، استئوتومی والگوس صورت گرفت. سپس در مرحله دیگری بازسازی ACL انجام شد. علایم ناپایداری پس از متوسط 23 ماه پیگیری بررسی و با قبل از عمل مقایسه شد. برای آنالیز اطلاعات از آزمون‌های مجذور کا، آزمون دقیق فیشر و ویلکاسون استفاده شد و 05/0P< به عنوان معنی دار تلقی گردید. یافته ها: درد در بیش از نصف بیماران و قفل کردن زانو (Locking) در تمامی آنها برطرف شد (001/0

A Framework for Stabilizing the Person-Organization Relationship

In many organizational interactions,the employee and the organization have different understandings of the obligations of each party and how to fulfill their obligations.Divergence of these perceptions can lead to misunderstandings,conflicts and even breaches of contract.The main purpose of this study is to "provide a framework for stabilizing the employee-organization relationship,studied:Snapp".This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed method in terms of approach and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method.The statistical population used in this study were Snapp managers and experts in middle and senior levels and the sample size was 15 Snapp organizational experts.To select these people,targeted sampling and snowball sampling methods were used.In this study,interpretive structural modeling(ISM) and MICMAC analysis were used to identify the criteria and explore the relationships between them,After studying the literature and conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with the sample size.Findings of the study showed the extraction of six components "employee characteristics,cultural characteristics,structural factors, governance model, policy rationality and environmental context" in a four-level ISM graph. Environmental contexts and policy rationality were identified as the most effective components and employee characteristics as the most impressive component in stabilizing the relationship between the employee and the organization

Risk Assessment and Grading of Environmental Sustainability of the International Wetlands of Southern Coasts of Iran

Wetlands are sensitive and valuable ecosystems but today their safety and their sustainability have been harshly influenced by various natural and human factors. Using environmental risk assessment is an important tool in studies of environmental management and recognition and reduction of the potentially harmful environmental factors to achieve sustainable development. This research was conducted to identify and assess the risks and grading of environmental sustainability of the international wetlands of the southern coast of Iran in the provinces of Khuzestan and Hormozgan. Accordingly, to identify and prioritize the risks  the Delphi methodology, to prioritize and calculate the weight of the indicators the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) process, and the ELECTRE technique were used to rank the wetlands based on unfavorable environmental conditions. The results showed that 27 factors of pressure and threat were identified for The International Wetland of Shadegan, Khur_e_ Omayyeh and Khur_e_Mousa Estuary, Khur-e-khuran International wetland, Salty, Sweet and Minab Rivers International Wetlands, Gaz and Hara Rivers Estuary International wetland and Shidvar International Wetland. The results of the paired comparisons between the threats of the studied wetlands show that the first to fifth ranking threats are related to the discharge and disposal of waste in the wetland, climate change and drought, oil pollution, dam construction, and the reduction of vegetation density, and other indicators are in the next ranks. Finally, the analysis and comparison for the ranking of the studied wetlands based on the ELECTRE method showed that The International Wetland of Shadegan, Khur_e_ Omayyeh and Khur_e_Mousa Estuary suffer the highest threat and pressure and Shidvar International Wetland has a more favorable ecological condition