Performance analysis of load based M/M/3 transient queueing system with finite capacity

This paper deals with the investigation of M/M/3 queueing model under the provision of service rates of jobs depend upon the load of the jobs arrived in the system. The customers (jobs) arrive in the system in Poisson fashion and they are served in the chronological order of their arrival. Differential equations of transient probability distribution functions by using a transition diagram have been set up. Laplace Transform, probability generating function, and Rouchey’s Theorem have been applied to get the probability of n customer in time t. Various performance indices such as the mean number of customers in the system, expected number of customers in a queue, probability that one has not to wait, expected mean time spent in a system, expected mean time spent in a queue, probability that the queue size being greater than or equal to N have been obtained analytically. Finally, the analytical results are validated graphically with the help of computing software.Publisher's Versio

Growth and yield of different oat (Avena sativa) varieties in Lalitpur district of Nepal

Oat (Avena sativa) is considered as one of the best fodders to mitigate the present seasonal feed deficit for ruminants in Nepal. The study was undertaken to evaluate eleven oat varieties for fodder and seed yield at the Khumaltar condition from December 2021 to April 2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The fodder oat varieties; Ever leaf, Titan, Baler no. 1, Sweet oat, Monida, Qingyin no. 1, Qinghai no. 444, Kona, Swan Pak, Longford, and Netra (as a check variety) were used as the treatments. An experimental unit was a 4 m × 3 m sized plot with the row to row spacing of 0.30 m and continuous sowing within a row. A total of two cuttings were taken for fodder. The observations on growth and yielding characters comprising of plant height, leaf area, number of tillers plant-1, number of leaves/tiller, fodder dry matter, seed and straw yield were recorded. The results showed the fodder dry matter yields ranged from 2.35 to 3.58 t/ha and were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the varieties. The seed and straw yields were obtained statistically different (p<0.05) among the varieties. Netra (2.90 t/ha) and Kona (2.88 t/ha) produced higher seed yields. Similarly, the highest straw yield was produced for the variety Longford (8.73 t/ha)

Electronic structure and estimation of Curie temperature in Ca\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eBIrO\u3csub\u3e6\u3c/sub\u3e(B = Cr, Fe) double perovskites

We investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of Ca 2 CrIrO 6 and Ca 2 FeIrO 6 by means of density functional theory. These materials belong to a family of recently synthesized Ca 2 CrOsO 6 whose properties show possible applications in a room temperature regime. Upon replacement of Os by Ir in Ca 2 CrOsO 6, we found the system to exhibit a stable ferrimagnetic configuration with a bandgap of ∼0.25 eV and an effective magnetic moment of ∼2.58 μ B per unit cell. Furthermore, when chemical doping is considered by replacing Cr with Fe and Os with Ir, the material retains the insulating state but with a reduced bandgap of 0.13 eV and large increment in the effective magnetic moment of ∼6.68 μ B per unit cell. These observed behaviors are noted to be the consequence of the cooperative effect of spin-orbit coupling; Coulomb correlations from Cr-3d, Fe-3d, and Ir-5d electrons; and the crystal field effect of the materials. These calculations suggest that by chemical tuning, one can manipulate the bandgap and their effective magnetic moment, which may help in material fabrication for device applications. To check further the suitability and applicability of Ca 2 CrIrO 6 and Ca 2 FeIrO 6 at higher temperatures, we estimate the Curie temperature (T C) by calculating the spin-exchange coupling. We found that our findings are in a valid T C trend similar to other perovskites. Our findings are expected to be useful in experimental synthesis and transport measurement for potential applications in modern technological devices

Application of absorption of infra-red radiation and reflection spectra to distinguish different inks of same color in alteration

The main aim of this study is to introduce non-destructive method to distinguish different types of ink of same color. In our daily life, we face many problems of alteration of genuine documents. Such alteration is done by using same color of ink as used in the document. It is not possible to differentiate the altered part by our naked eyes. There are many methods, destructive as well as non-destructive methods, to solve the problem of alteration. We have discussed the non-destructive method using Video Spectral Comparator (VSC)-6000. Analysis is carried out with application of infra-red (IR) radiation of different wavelength and reflection spectra to reach the conclusion. Absorption of infra-red (IR) radiation is found very effective whereas use of reflection spectra is totally failed in this experiment. BIBECHANA 19  (2022) 34-3

Application of absorption of infra-red radiation and reflection spectra to distinguish different inks of same color in alteration

The main aim of this study is to introduce non-destructive method to distinguish different types of ink of same color. In our daily life, we face many problems of alteration of genuine documents. Such alteration is done by using same color of ink as used in the document. It is not possible to differentiate the altered part by our naked eyes. There are many methods, destructive as well as non-destructive methods, to solve the problem of alteration. We have discussed the non-destructive method using Video Spectral Comparator (VSC)-6000. Analysis is carried out with application of infra-red (IR) radiation of different wavelength and reflection spectra to reach the conclusion. Absorption of infra-red (IR) radiation is found very effective whereas use of reflection spectra is totally failed in this experiment. BIBECHANA 19  (2022) 34-3

Fabrication of UV sensing transistor based on transparent polycrystalline zinc oxide thin film using polymeric electrolyte gate dielectric

The fabrication of electric double layer thin film transistors (EDLTFTs) using polymeric electrolyte as gate dielectric on chemically grown polycrystalline ZnO thin film channel has the lower threshold voltage at 0.4 V and the saturation current at 3 µA in the dark. The lower threshold voltage is -1 V and the saturation current is 10 µA in the UV illumination. In the dark and under UV light, the off state ID is 1 nA and 0.3 µA respectively and under gate and UV illumination the on current shows more than 3 times enhancement. This improvement in photocurrent is due to the combined effect of gate and UV illumination. The field effect mobility of the TFT is 0.06 cm2/Vs in the dark and 0.16 cm2/Vs under UV illumination. This increase in mobility under illumination and gate bias is due to the increase in carrier concentration and reduction of charged defects in the channel length

Fabrication of UV sensing transistor based on transparent polycrystalline zinc oxide thin film using polymeric electrolyte gate dielectric

The fabrication of electric double layer thin film transistors (EDLTFTs) using polymeric electrolyte as gate dielectric on chemically grown polycrystalline ZnO thin film channel has the lower threshold voltage at 0.4 V and the saturation current at 3 µA in the dark. The lower threshold voltage is -1 V and the saturation current is 10 µA in the UV illumination. In the dark and under UV light, the off state ID is 1 nA and 0.3 µA respectively and under gate and UV illumination the on current shows more than 3 times enhancement. This improvement in photocurrent is due to the combined effect of gate and UV illumination. The field effect mobility of the TFT is 0.06 cm2/Vs in the dark and 0.16 cm2/Vs under UV illumination. This increase in mobility under illumination and gate bias is due to the increase in carrier concentration and reduction of charged defects in the channel length

Clinical Presentation in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Regular Haemodialysis Attending in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Emergency Services

Background: Chronic kidney disease is increasing day by day and so is condition of renal replacement therapy; mainly hemodialysis. Emergency visit of the patients under maintenance hemodialysis is frequent. The objective of the study is to study clinical parameters of these patients so that in future these deranged parameters can be focused during patient management and decrease their emergency visit. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted in emergency services of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from 1st May 2018 to 31st October 2018 among the adult chronic kidney disease patients under maintenance hemodialysis. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional review board, Institute of medicine, TribhuvanUniversity.Nonprobability sampling method was used. Total of 300 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients’ age, sex, causes, laboratory parameter during emergency visit, need of emergency hemodialysis, and need of blood transfusion were studied. Results: Out of total 300 patients, mean age was 45.64 years (S.D =17.15). 190 (63.3 %) were male and 110(36.70%) were female. 152(50.70%) of patients had hypertension. Diabetes and Glomerulonephritis both had equal prevalence of 63(21%). Mean hemoglobin was 6.52gm% (S.D = 1.93). Mean pH was 7.17 (S.D =0.154). Mean serum potassium and creatinine level were 5.77 mEq/L (S.D =0.76) and 1076.03 mmol/l (S.D =367.25) respectively. Area under the Receiver Operating Curve was 0.660 for potassium and 0.598 for serum creatinine. Conclusions: Causes of chronic kidney disease, decreased hemoglobin level, increased serum creatinine and potassium level and metabolic acidosis are causes of frequent emergency room visit among CKD patients.  So these conditions need to be addressed to decrease emergency visit of these patients. Keywords: chronic kidney disease; emergency presentation; mortality. DOI: http://doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v2i2.2516

Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Double Perovskites Ca2MnIrO6

Using the density functional theory formalism, electronic and magnetic properties of double perovskites Ca2MnIrO6  are investigated. We found ferrimagnetic ground state with half-metallic nature in Ca2MnIrO6. The electron-correlation, crystal distortion, and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) plays significant role in dictating the electronic properties in this system. From the density of states calculations, a strong hybridization were noted between O-2p, Ir-5d and Mn-3d states resulting Ca2MnIrO6 to half-metal (HM) with metallic state in spin up channel and insulating state in spin-down channel.  The HM state persists even when SOC is taken into account, though the spin-polarization reduces slightly. We thus predict Ca2MnIrO6  as a new HM ferrimagnet which can be useful for modern technological applications. We further investigated the Curie temperature of Ca2MnIrO6  by calculating the spin-exchange coupling parameters. Our results are found to be comparable with other perovskites. BIBECHANA 19  (2022) 127-13