Prevalence of Bipolar Disorder and Associated Risk Factors Among Population in Western Region Of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder and associated risk factors among the population in the Western Region, KSA. Methods:This research will employ a cross-sectional study design. Cross-sectional studies are well-suited for assessing the prevalence and risk factors of a particular condition in a specific population at a single point in time. This design will allow us to gather data on the prevalence of bipolar disorder and identify associated risk factors among the population in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Results: The study included 407 participants. The most frequent weight among them was 51-65 kg (n= 109, 26.8%), followed by 66-75 kg (n= 93, 22.9%). The most frequent height among study participants was 1.61-1.70 m (n= 137, 33.7%) followed by 1.51-1.60 m (n= 128, 31.4%). The most frequent body mass index value was 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (n= 161, 39.6%), followed by 25-29.9 kg/m2 (n= 142, 34.9%). The gender of study participants is almost equal with male (n= 204, 50.1%) and female (n= 203, 49.9%). The most frequent age among them was 62 years and above (n= 157, 38.6%), followed by 40-50 years (n= 92, 22.6%). Participants were asked the participants about what is the duration of their mental illness(bipolar). The most frequent answer was nothing (n=277,68.1%), followed by one year (n=96, 23.6%), and the least of them were six years (n=1,0.2%). Conclusion: The results showed that most of the study participants are married and intermediate owners and most of them have a university education. Most participants are not overweight according to their body's bodies. Most of the study participants had a good social link

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Congenital giant megaureter associated with ipsilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney in newborn Open Access

Abstract Congenital giant megaureter presents as abdominal mass and impose diagnostic difficulties. It can be associated with other upper urinary tract anomalies. A female newborn with antenatal diagnosis of polycystic kidneys was admitted at birth due to lower abdominal mass. Ultrasound and CT scans diagnosed a multiloculated cystic lesion in the mid and lower abdomen along with right side multicystic kidney. At laparotomy, an extaperitoneal, lobulated cystic swelling was found due to rightside giant megaureter. Its lower end was of normal caliber and orthotopic. End cutaneous ureterostomy was done. Intravenous urogram and isotope renograms showed nonfunctioning right kidney. She also had grade II vesicoureteral reflux on left side. Child suffered urinary infection twice. At 9m age, right nephroureterectomy was done. Histopathologic examination was consistent with cystic renal dysplasia and dilated ureter. This is the first case report of giant megaureter associated with ipsilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney in newborn