Repurposing literacy: the uses of Richard Hoggart for creative education

After 50 years, what are the implications of Uses of Literacy for educational modernisation, in the light of subsequent changes from 'read only' literacy to 'read-write' uses of multimedia? This chapter argues that a broad extension of popular literacy via consumer-created digital content offers not only emancipationist potential in line with Hoggart's own project, but also economic benefits via the dynamics of creative innovation. Multimedia 'popular entertainments' pose a challenge to formal education, but not in the way that Hoggart feared. Instead of producing 'tamed helots,' commercial culture may be outpacing formal schooling in promoting creative digital literacy via entrepreneurial and distributed learning. It may indeed be that those in need of a creative make-over are not teenagers but teachers

Policing of road safety in Oman: Perceptions and beliefs of traffic police officers

With increasing motorisation, road safety has become a major concern within Oman. Internationally, traffic policing plays a major role in improving road safety. Within Oman, the Royal Oman Police's (ROP) Directorate General of Traffic is responsible for policing traffic laws. Many common enforcement approaches originate from culturally different jurisdictions. The ROP is a relatively young policing force and may have different operational practices. Prior to applying practices from other jurisdictions it is important to understand the beliefs and expectations within the Directorate General of Traffic. Further, there is a need for individuals to understand their role and what is expected of them. Therefore, it is important to explore the agreement between levels of the ROP to determine how strategies and expectations transfer within the organisation. Interviews were conducted with 19 police officers from various levels of the ROP. A number of themes and findings emerged. Individuals at the upper level of the traffic police had a clear knowledge of the role of the ROP, believed that traffic police know what is expected of them, are well trained in their role and can have a very positive influence on road safety. These beliefs were less certain lower within the organisations with traffic officers having little knowledge of the role of the ROP or what was expected of them, felt undertrained, and believed their peers have little positive impact on road safety. There is a need to address barriers within the ROP in order to positively impact road safety

Treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms yesterday and now

Objective This prospective study is designed to detect changes in the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms over a period of 17 years. Methods We compared 361 treated cases of aneurysm occlusion after subarachnoid hemorrhage from 1997 to 2003 with 281 cases from 2006 to 2014. Specialists of neuroradiology and vascular neurosurgery decided over the modality assignment. We established a prospective data acquisition in both groups to detect significant differences within a follow-up time of one year. With this setting we evaluated the treatment methods over time and compared endovascular with microsurgical treatment. Results When compared to the earlier group, microsurgical treatment was less frequently chosen in the more recent collective because of neck-configuration. Endovascular treatment was chosen more frequently over time (31.9% versus 48.8%). Occurrence of initial symptomatic ischemic stroke was significantly lower in the clipping group compared to the endovascular group and remained stable over time. The number of reinterventions due to refilled treated aneurysms significantly decreased in the endovascular group at one-year follow-up, but the significantly better occlusion- and reintervention-rate of the microsurgical group persisted. The rebleeding rate in the endovascular group at one year follow-up decreased from 6.1% to 2.2% and showed no statistically significant difference to the microsurgical group, anymore (endovascular 2.2% versus microsurgical 0.0%, p = 0.11). Conclusion Microsurgical clipping still has some advantages, however endovascular treatment is improving rapidly

Exclusion criteria for endovascular treatment.

<p>Fisher-exact tests and chi-square tests examine the 0-Hypothesis H₀ that there is no difference regarding the exclusion criteria of endovascular treatment between the two chronological groups (1997 to 2003 versus 2006 to 2009 and 2012 to 2014). Special configurations of the aneurysms and clinical factors affected the specialists’ decision of the choice of treatment and have been documented as "no specified reasons."</p

Characteristics of the included early patient collective (1997 to 2003).

<p>ACA: Anterior communicating artery, Anterior cerebral artery; ICA: Internal carotid artery; MCA: Middle cerebral artery; VA: Vertebral artery; BA: Basilar artery. Fisher-exact tests and Chi-Square tests examine the 0-Hypothesis H₀ that there is no difference between the intervention modalities (endovascular group versus microsurgical group) regarding the ratios of the specific patient characteristics (e. g. ratio “WFNS°I-II” to “not WFNS°I-II” in the endovascular group versus ratio “WFNS°I-II” to “not WFNS°I-II” in the microsurgical group).</p

Microscope-based indocyanine green video angiography supporting the microsurgical occlusion of a ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm, which has been tested but is not used as a routine intraoperative device so far.

<p>(A): Intraoperative illustration of the middle cerebral artery aneurysm (arrows). (B): Video angiography showing the perfusion of the untreated aneurysm (arrows). (C): After clipping no perfusion of the aneurysm is detectable any more (arrows).</p

Characteristics of the included recent patient data (2006 to 2009 and 2012 to 2014).

<p>ACA: Anterior communicating artery, Anterior cerebral artery; ICA: Internal carotid artery; MCA: Middle cerebral artery; VA: Vertebral artery; BA: Basilar artery. Fisher-exact tests and Chi-Square tests examine the 0-Hypothesis H₀ that there is no difference between the intervention modalities (endovascular treatment group versus microsurgical treatment group) regarding the ratios of the specific patient characteristics (e. g. ratio “WFNS°I-II” to “not WFNS°I-II” in the endovascular group versus ratio “WFNS°I-II” to “not WFNS°I-II” in the microsurgical group).</p

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of the chronological groups (1997–2003 versus 2006 to 2009 and 2012 to 2014) regarding the microsurgical procedure.

<p>Chi-Square tests examine the 0-Hypothesis H₀ that there is no difference regarding the rate of clipped cases (n = 246) in the comprehensive group of 1997–2003 (n = 361) compared to the rate of clipped cases (n = 144) in the comprehensive recent microsurgical clipping group (n = 281) (microsurgical 2006–2009 and 2012–2014). Moreover Fisher-exact tests and Chi-Square tests examine the 0-Hypothesis H₀ that there is no difference regarding the rates of symptomatic ischemic stroke, occlusion rate, rebleeding, direct mortality and reinterventions between the two chronological groups (“Microsurgical 1997–2003” versus “Microsurgical 2006–2009 and 2012–2014”).</p

Comparison of the efficacy and safety of the chronological groups (1997–2003 versus 2006 to 2009 and 2012 to 2014) regarding the endovascular procedure.

<p>Chi-Square tests examine the 0-Hypothesis H₀ that there is no difference regarding the rate of endovascular cases (n = 115) in the comprehensive group of 1997–2003 (n = 361) compared to the rate of endovascular cases (n = 137) in the comprehensive recent coiling group (n = 281) (coiling 2006–2009 and 2012–2014). Moreover Fisher-exact tests and Chi-Square tests examine the 0-Hypothesis H₀ that there is no difference regarding the rates of symptomatic ischemic stroke, occlusion rate, rebleeding, direct mortality and reinterventions between the two chronological groups (“Endovascular 1997–2003” versus “Endovascular 2006–2009 and 2012–2014”).</p