Laboratories Medical Bioinformatics set up at Medical Sciences University

دست‌یابی به تکنولوژی‌های جدید در علوم زیستی و پزشکی، همچون توالی‌یابی نسل بعد، زمینه پیشرفت سریع‌تر از پیش مطالعات را فراهم نموده است. از این رو، حجم بسیار عظیمی از اطلاعات اولیه فراهم می‌گردد و همچنان نیز رو به افزایش است. طراحی سیستم‌های پیشرفت‌های که تلفیقی از محاسبات کامپیوتری، علم آمار، تکنولوژی اطلاعات وهوش مصنوعی باشند، جهت ذخیره، پردازش و تفسیر این اطلاعات روبه افزایش، الزامی است(1). علوم ذکرشده با عنوان ابزارهای بیوانفورماتیکی جهت حل مسائل پیچیده زیستی و نتیجه‌گیری منطقی به خدمت گرفته می‌شوند. ژنومیک، ترانس کریپتومیک، پروتئومیک و متابولومیک، زمینه‌های اصلی مطالعات بیوانفورماتیک تلقی می‌گردند(2). امروزه، ابزارهای بیوانفورماتیکی متعددی به صورت دسترسی آزاد وonline توسط پایگاه داده‌ها و نرم‌افزارهای تحت وب، یا به صورت قابل ذخیره و اجرا در ویندوز با عنوان نرم‌افزار دسک تاپ و یا نرم‌افزارهایی قابل خریداری در اختیار محققان قرارگرفته‌اند(3). ظهور ابزارهای بیوانفورماتیکی و محاسبات کامپیوتری انقلابی در مطالعات زیستی و پزشکی ایجادکرده است. این ابزارها برای ذخیره، مدیریت، پردازش و تجزیه تحلیل داده‌های خام به دست آمده از تکنیک‌های پیشرفته‌ای چون توالی یابی نسل بعد و نتایج مطالعات معتبرمنتشرشده توسعه یافته‌اند(4). علاقمندی محققان سراسرجهان و رشد فزاینده دانش در این حیطه‌ی علمی، دست یابی به یافته‌های جدید و ظهور تکنیک‌های پیشرفته، محققان امروز را با حجم گسترده‌ای از داده‌های اولیه روبرو ساخته است. به کارگیری این داده‌های اولیه جهت سرعت بخشیدن به روند مطالعات امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. برقراری ارتباط و تفسیر منطقی این حجم از داده‌ها بدون کمک ابزار‌های بیوانفورماتیکی امکان‌پذیر نیست. ابزارهای بیوانفورماتیکی با اهداف عملکردی متنوع و با قابلیت به‌روزرسانی‌های مداوم جهت تسهیل وسرعت بخشید به مطالعات و نتیجه‌گیری‌های دقیق علم فراهم گردیده‌اند. با استفاده ازاین ابزارها در کم‌ترین زمان و با صرف کم‌ترین هزینه می‌توان بر اساس نوع هدف پیشرو به نتایج معتبری دست یافت(5). پس از معرفی ابزارهای بیوانفورماتیکی به جامعه علمی، پیشرفت سریع و گسترده‌ای درمطالعات مربوط به این زمینه به وجود آمد. ظهور این ابزارها آن چنان مورد استقبال محققان واقع شد که به سرعت درصد بالایی از مقالات معتبر منتشرشده به این حوزه اختصاص یافت. معرفی ابزارهای حاضر یا جدید و به کارگیری این ابزارها در مطالعات سلولی-مولکولی و ژنتیکی اصلی ترین مباحث در مقالات مربوطه هستند(6). در حال حاضر شاهد رشد چشم‌گیر به کارگیری این ابزارها در انواع زمینه‌های مطالعاتی در سطح آزمایشگاه و بالین هستیم(7). کاربرد ابزارهای بیوانفورماتیکی مربوطه در آینده نزدیک، نتایج ارزنده‌ای در زمینه‌ی معرفی بیومارکرهای جدید تشخیص، درمان و تهیه‌ی پروفایل اختصاصی به منظور شخصی سازی پزشکی به دست خواهد آمد. بی‌شک بدون دانستن بانک‌های اطلاعاتی و پایگاه‌های داده، پیدا کردن ارتباطات و کاربردی سازی این حجم عظیم اطلاعات امکان‌پذیر نخواهد بود. باتوجه به این که لایسنس این نرم‌افزارها بعضا دارای هزینه‌های زیادی است و بستر سخت‌افزاری پرهزینه‌ای که برای اجرای این نرم‌افزارها نیاز است، وجودآزمایشگاه‌های تخصصی در این حیطه را بیش از قبل ضروری می‌نماید. ازاین رو هدف بیان تجربه طراحی و پیاده‌سازی آزمایشگاه بیوانفورماتیک در دانشگاه‌های علوم پزشکی، گام‌ها و اهداف مشخص آن است

Population dynamics and stock assessment of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea

In order to come up with the responsible fishing pattern of common carp, there was a need to identify some of the biological characteristics and stock assessment of carp in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea .The fork length ,weight ,age ,growth parameters of von bertalanffy and mortality rates of common carp were estimated from oct 2006 to sept 2007.Based on the exponential relationship between length and weight in the size range 6.3-65.6 cm ,b was calculated 2.895, 2.843 and 2.925 respectively for combined sexes ,males and females. The mean condition factor was 1.9 which is close to the ideal condition.The results from measuring 3170 specimens ,were showed the first fork length of maturity was 30 cm for males and 32 cm for females. The results indicated that females were predominate and sex ratio was 0.66:1 (M:F) and chi-squares analysis showeda significant difference between males and females.(p<0.05).Length infinity and growth coefficient were calculated by three different methods as below: Length frequency analysis : k=0.17 L∞ =68.04 Age-Length Key k=0.15 L∞ =74.25 Back calculation : k=0.14 L∞ =68.4 The mortality parameters and exploitation rate were estimated as below : Z=0.73 per year M=0.31 per year F=0.42 per year E=0.56 Refer to amount of common carp catch in 2007 -08 ,biomass was calculated 9640.2 tones by jone's cohort analysis and MSY 2374.5 tones.According to analysis ,the number of common carp in the distribution area (Iranian part of the Caspian Sea ) was estimated 24 millions in the 2006-07

BIOMECHANICAL MODELLING FOR COMPUTATION OF KNEE JOINT TORQUE IN DIFFERENT STRATEGIES OF STOP-JUMP LANDING

Knee injuries especially non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury, is very common in sport activities and often occurs in landing. The purpose of this study was to recognize the risk factors and to recommend better landing strategies using dynamic modeling. For this purpose, the stop-jump landing was modeled using anthropometric, kinematic and kinetic data. The knee torque was calculated for different landing strategies. The result showed that the maximum knee torque for women was 42% more than men. When the knee flexion at the initial foot contact increased, the peak knee torque decreased. Finally, increasing the knee and hip angular displacement, the maximum knee torque decreased at first and then increased again. Therefore the knee flexion angle at initial foot contact and the knee and hip angular displacement are effective factors in reducing knee injuries

Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Different Brands of Primary Molar Stainless-Steel Crowns: An In Vitro Study

BACKGROUND: There is some cases of perforation and undesirable properties of some primary molars stainless steel crowns. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the physical and mechanical properties of different commercial brands of these crowns. METHODS: In an in vitro study, a total of 10 stainless steel tooth crowns of the second primary mandibular molars size 6 of 4 different commercial brands (a total of 280 crowns) were evaluated. These crowns were included KTR Pre-trimmed and Crimped Nichro Stainless Steel Primary Molar Crowns (KTR, China); 3M Stainless Steel Primary Molar Crowns (ESPE, St paul; USA); NuSmile SSC Pre-contoured (Inc, Houstone, TX; USA) and Kids crown (Shinghung, Seoul; Korea). Corrosion and galvanic corrosion, wear, microhardness, compressive strength, fatigue strength of crowns and weight percent of elements were investigated. RESULTS: The highest rate of microhardness, compressive and Fatigue strength of the crowns were made by Nu Smile &gt; 3M &gt; Kids Crown &gt; KTR respectively. The highest rate of corrosion potential in corrosion and Galvanic corrosion tests was in KTR &gt; Kids crowns &gt; 3M &gt; Nu smile respectively. The order of crown wear was KTR &gt; Kids Crown &gt; 3M &gt; Nu Smile respectively. The highest amount of nickel element was found in the Nu Smile crown and the highest amount of chrome in the 3M crown with a significant difference with others (p &lt; 0.001). The KTR and Kids crowns lacked molybdenum. CONCLUSION: The results showed that Nu Smile crown has better physical and mechanical properties than other evaluated crowns in this study

Spectrophotometric determination of the acidity constants of calcon in water and mixed water–organic solvents

The acid–base properties of calcon (1-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid) in water and mixed water–organic solvents at 25 °C at an ionic strength of 0.10 M are studied by a multiwavelength spectrophotometric method. The organic solvents used were the amphiprotic (methanol), dipolar aprotic (dimethylsulfoxide), and low basic aprotic (acetonitrile). To evaluate the pH absorbance data, a resolution method based on the combination of soft- and hard-modeling was applied. The acidity constants of all related equilibria were estimated using the whole spectral fitting of the collected data to an established factor analysis model. The data analysis program Datan was applied for determination of the acidity constants. The corresponding pKa values were determined in water and mixed water–organic solvents. Linear relationship between the acidity constants and the mole fraction of the different sol-vents in the mixtures exist. The effect of solvent properties on acid–base behavior is discussed

Effect of Synthetic Tissue Fluid on Microleakage of Grey and White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Root-End Filling Materials : An in vitro study

Objectives: The success of endodontic surgery has been shown to depend partly on the apical seal. Grey mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) produces hydroxyapatite twice as often as white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) when suspended in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the microleakage phenomenon of gray and white mineral trioxide aggregates as root-end filling materials after immersion in synthetic tissue fluid (STF). Methods: 55 single-rooted extracted maxillary anterior human teeth were divided into two experimental groups of 20 teeth each, plus 3 groups of 5 teeth each as two negative and one positive control groups. The root canals were cleaned, shaped, and laterally compacted with gutta-percha. The root ends were resected and 3 mm deep cavities were prepared. The root-end preparations were filled with GMTA or WMTA in the experimental groups. Leakage was determined using a dye penetration method. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The mean dye leakage was 0.40 ± 0.1 mm for GMTA and 0.50±0.1 mm for WMTA groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups (P = 0.14). Conclusion: Despite the different properties and behaviours of GMTA and WMTA in STF, there were no significant differences in microleakage when using GMTA or WMTA.

Biological activity (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxic) of extract from Dysidea spp.

Sponges are the most primitive of the multicellular, These organisms don’t have any mechanical defense system, so their early appearance in evolution has given them alot of time for the development of advanced secondary metabolites as chemical defense system. Sponges have the potential to provide drugs from chemical components against diseases. In this investigation the sponge samples, which it is Dysidea spp. , were collected at depth of 15- 20 meter, from locations on the coastline of Island Hengam in Persian Gulf of Iran. For identifying natural components, methanolic and diethyletter were used as extraction solvents, after removal of the solvents, the GC/MS spectra of the fraction were obtained. Then in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral activities were identified. In vitro cytotoxity screening, by XTT assay, against KB/ C152 and HUT-78/ C185 cell line, was conducted in this study in 1 - 500 µg/ml . IC50 for diethyletter and methanolic extract was 200 µg/ml in HUT-78 , IC50 for diethyletter extract was 325µg/ml and methanolic extract 325µg/ml in KB. In vitro antimicrobial activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical gram-positives and gram negatives (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus و subtilis Bacillus). The results conducted that the MIC values of methanol and diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 20mg/ml, Bacillus subtilis 10mg/ml and 2mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The MBC values of the diethyletter extracts for Bacillus subtilis 30 mg/ml) and S. aureus aureus 10mg/ml. In vitro antifungal activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical pathogens; Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results conducted that the aqueous extracts didn’t have any antifungal activities on pathogens, minimum inhibitor concentrations (MIC) of the diethyletter extract on C. albicans 0/75mg/ml, MFC 5 mg/ml and methanolic extract 0.5mg/ml and MFC 5 mg/ml on A. fumigatus In vitro antiviral activities by XTT assay against MT-2 cell line. The results conducted that IC50 for diethyletter extract 500µg/ml and methanolic extract 475 µg/ml