Ideas to Assist the Underprivileged Dispossessed Individuals

Editorial/ No abstrac

Refractive outcomes in infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity

Background:  Infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can develop visually significant refractive error. However, the degree of refractive error may differ between laser treatment and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection. We reviewed studies that investigated refractive error outcomes of treatment in premature infants with ROP. Methods: In this narrative review, a literature search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE from 01/01/2000 to 20/10/2022 without language restrictions, using the following keywords: “anti-VEGF,” “ROP” or “prematurity retinopathy,” and “laser.” We included comparative studies on refractive error outcomes of intravitreal anti-VEGF and laser treatments, a combination of both modalities simultaneously or sequentially, and two anti-VEGF agents. Results:  The initial search yielded 164 records. We reviewed the titles and abstracts of the retrieved papers and the reference list of published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, meta-analyses, or reviews on our topic. Thirty-three records fulfilled our inclusion criteria, which included refractive outcomes in 4350 eyes of 2359 participants treated for ROP. Based on the reported refractive outcomes, we divided the studies into four categories: 1) those that revealed a higher rate of refractive error in the laser-treated eyes than in the anti-VEGF-treated eyes; 2) those that revealed no significant difference in refractive outcomes between the two treatment modalities; 3) those that revealed a higher rate of refractive error in the anti-VEGF-treated eyes or compared refractive outcomes between two anti-VEGF agents; and 4) those that reported refractive outcomes in the eyes that received combined simultaneous or sequential treatment with laser after initial anti-VEGF treatment. We also summarized the refractive outcomes of all included primary studies in each category. Conclusions:  This study showed that the laser-treated eyes experienced more myopic shift. However, the refractive outcomes in premature infants of laser treatment, anti-VEGF treatment, and a combination of both modalities simultaneously or sequentially were often contradictory. This variability resulted from obvious differences in the sample size, different follow-up durations, or inhomogeneous study or treatment designs. Further well-designed prospective trials on refractive outcomes and the trend of changes in the refractive status over long-term follow-ups in the eyes treated with ROP are necessary to identify consensus results concerning real-world refractive outcomes of each treatment modality or simultaneous or sequential combination of both modalities, to suggest a safe and effective treatment option for eye care professionals

Welcome to Beautiful Mind; a Call to Action

Editorial/ No abstrac

Prevalence of Visual Impairment in School Children

This is a Letter to Editor and does not have an abstract

COVID-19 impact on research and publication ethics

Editorial, No Abstrac

A Modified Pseudoisochromatic Ishihara Colour Vision Test Based on Eastern Arabic Numerals

Congenital colour vision defects affect about 8% and 0.5% of the male and female population, respectively. Pseudoisochromatic Ishihara plates have shown to be successful in an early diagnosis of colour vision defects. This commonly used colour vision test was initially intended to identify those who suffered from red-green aspect of congenital colour blindness; however, it may be of use to reveal acquired colour vision defects as well. Despite the Ishihara plates’ value, there are a number of shortcomings in their current layout. We proposing a new colour plate modified from original Ishihara test. To best assist illiterates who are not able to read English, standard Ishihara plates have been translated to Eastern Arabic numerals, which are used in most parts of the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa populations. The purpose of the present modification was to present the new plates to these regions, but more research and study is required to work on the validity, reliability, and repeatability of these new plates

Maintenance of Board Certification in Ophthalmology; Who Cares?

Editorial/No abstrac

Causative link between coronavirus disease vaccination and central serous chorioretinopathy: Reality or illusion?

Background: Most COVID-19 vaccines were authorized for emergency use. Despite a large number of vaccines that have been administered, adverse ocular effects have been reported. This paper summarized the reports about central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) following coronavirus disease vaccination. Methods: In this short communication, we have included relevant publications about CSCR after coronavirus disease vaccination from the beginning of the pandemic until January 2022. Results: The CSCR occurrence after vaccination has been reported for many years. However, a few studies are available about CSCR after coronavirus disease vaccination. Most cases revealed the development of CSCR within one week of vaccination that subsequently resolved. Conclusions: The timeline of the CSCR diagnosis developing a few days after vaccination suggests a causative link. However, in view of the millions of administered doses of vaccines along with boosters, the causative link between CSCR and vaccines remains uncertain. Additional studies are needed to confirm a causal claim

Significance of Novel Ideas to Solve Challenges Facing Today's Ophthalmology

Editorial/ No abstrac

A Modified Pseudoisochromatic Ishihara Colour Vision Test Based on Eastern Arabic Numerals

Congenital colour vision defects affect about 8% and 0.5% of the male and female population, respectively. Pseudoisochromatic Ishihara plates have shown to be successful in an early diagnosis of colour vision defects. This commonly used colour vision test was initially intended to identify those who suffered from red-green aspect of congenital colour blindness; however, it may be of use to reveal acquired colour vision defects as well. Despite the Ishihara plates’ value, there are a number of shortcomings in their current layout. We proposing a new colour plate modified from original Ishihara test. To best assist illiterates who are not able to read English, standard Ishihara plates have been translated to Eastern Arabic numerals, which are used in most parts of the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa populations. The purpose of the present modification was to present the new plates to these regions, but more research and study is required to work on the validity, reliability, and repeatability of these new plates