60 research outputs found
Large versus bounded solutions to sublinear elliptic problems
Let be a second order elliptic operator with smooth coefficients defined
on a domain (possibly unbounded), . We
study nonnegative continuous solutions to the equation on ,
where is in the Kato class with respect to the first variable and
it grows sublinearly with respect to the second variable. Under fairly general
assumptions we prove that if there is a bounded non zero solution then there is
no large solution
Program Repair by Stepwise Correctness Enhancement
Relative correctness is the property of a program to be more-correct than
another with respect to a given specification. Whereas the traditional
definition of (absolute) correctness divides candidate program into two classes
(correct, and incorrect), relative correctness arranges candidate programs on
the richer structure of a partial ordering. In other venues we discuss the
impact of relative correctness on program derivation, and on program
verification. In this paper, we discuss the impact of relative correctness on
program testing; specifically, we argue that when we remove a fault from a
program, we ought to test the new program for relative correctness over the old
program, rather than for absolute correctness. We present analytical arguments
to support our position, as well as an empirical argument in the form of a
small program whose faults are removed in a stepwise manner as its relative
correctness rises with each fault removal until we obtain a correct program.Comment: In Proceedings PrePost 2016, arXiv:1605.0809
Program Derivation by Correctness Enhacements
Relative correctness is the property of a program to be more-correct than
another program with respect to a given specification. Among the many
properties of relative correctness, that which we found most intriguing is the
property that program P' refines program P if and only if P' is more-correct
than P with respect to any specification. This inspires us to reconsider
program derivation by successive refinements: each step of this process
mandates that we transform a program P into a program P' that refines P, i.e.
P' is more-correct than P with respect to any specification. This raises the
question: why should we want to make P' more-correct than P with respect to any
specification, when we only have to satisfy specification R? In this paper, we
discuss a process of program derivation that replaces traditional sequence of
refinement-based correctness-preserving transformations starting from
specification R by a sequence of relative correctness-based
correctness-enhancing transformations starting from abort.Comment: In Proceedings Refine'15, arXiv:1606.0134
Capital Structure Decisions and Corporate Performance: Does Firmâs Profitability Matter?
This study aims to investigate the relationship between financing decisions and firm performance. It particularly investigates the heterogeneous effects of capital structure ratios on financial profitability. The study employs the Quantile regression methodology on a sample of 120 non-financial companies listed on Tadawul stock exchange during the period 2017â2020. Financial performance was measured using return on assets, return on equities and Tobinâs Q variables in order to assess accounting and market performance. Data on the various variables is obtained from the companiesâ annual reports. Quantile regression results show that debts to equity ratio hamper firmsâ performance where as equity financing ratio increases business profitability. Additionally, findings demonstrate that this relationship is nonlinear. Particularly, a debt to equity ratio has a greater negative effect on performance of high-profitable firms. However, the positive effect of the equity financing ratio seems to be higher in high profitable companies than low ones. These results would help managers of non financial firms regarding optimal capital structure decisions. Indeed, managers of non-financial firms could use results of this study as a benchmark to make efficient decisions related to the structure of the capital such as reducing the proportion of debts in the capital and increasing the weight of equity financing. Particularly, enterprises in the early stages of development, with lower profits reflected in return on assets, return on equities, and Tobinâs Q should carefully avoid debt, whereas firms with big earnings are encouraged to raise their capital by issuing new shares in the financial market
The Role of CSR in Promoting Energy-Specific Pro-Environmental Behavior among Hotel Employees
Mitigating environmental crises requires efforts to reduce carbon emission at every level
and segment of an economy. In this respect, the energy sector is blamed for increasing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) throughout the globe. Specifically, it was specified that electrical energy contributes to 35% of the worldâs GHG emissions. Without a doubt, the topics related to clean and green energies remained a part of academic discussion; however, a critical knowledge gap exists in most studies.
That is, most of the prior literature focused only on the production side (supply side) of electrical
energy, neglecting the consumption side (consumption at the level of individuals). Given that a
significant amount of electricity has been consumed by the individuals in buildings (homes, offices, or others) for heating and cooling purposes, it is important to promote a target-specific (energy-specific) pro-environmental behavior (TSPEB) of individuals. However, such a debate did not receive any significant attention previously. Further, psychological factors such as employeesâ environmental
commitment (EEC) and green self-efficacy (GSE) were identified as critical mediators to drive different employeesâ outcomes, but the mediating effect of EEC and GSE was not tested earlier to foster TSPEB in a CSR framework. The data for the current work were collected from employees of different hotels in a developing country by employing a survey strategy (n = 383). The structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data, which confirmed that hospitality employeesâ CSR perceptions could improve TSPEB. The statistical results also confirmed the significant mediating effects of EEC and GSE.
The finding of this study will help the hospitality sector to improve its efforts for de-carbonization by
improving the energy consumption behavior of employees as an outcome of CSR
La médecine générale perçue par les étudiants de la faculté de médecine de Sousse (Tunisie)
Introduction: Les Ă©tudiants en dĂ©but du cursus suivent la mĂȘme formation hospitalo-universitaire, cependant, ils sont peu nombreux Ă choisir dĂ©libĂ©rĂ©ment la mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale comme discipline d'exercice mĂ©dical. Notre objectif est de prĂ©ciser auprĂšs des Ă©tudiants en mĂ©decine, les facteurs qui dĂ©terminent le choix de la mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale comme carriĂšre et leur vision de cette discipline. MĂ©thodes: Etude descriptive transversale menĂ©e auprĂšs d'un Ă©chantillon d'Ă©tudiants inscrits Ă la facultĂ© de mĂ©decine de Sousse (Tunisie) pour l'annĂ©e universitaire 2012-2013. Le recueil des donnĂ©es a Ă©tĂ©Â pratiquĂ© par l'intermĂ©diaire d'un questionnaire conçu pour les fins de ce travail. La saisie et l'analyse des donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es par le logiciel SPSS 18.0.RĂ©sultats: Notre Ă©tude a portĂ© sur 388 Ă©tudiants dont 69,5% Ă©taient du genre fĂ©minin. L'Ăąge moyen Ă©tait de 22,1 ± 2,8 ans. Cent Ă©tudiants (25,8%) avaient un parent cadre de santĂ© sans que cela n'ait une influence sur le choix de carriĂšre. A l'entrĂ©e Ă la facultĂ©, seulement 7,1% (n=27) voulaient faire de la mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale leur carriĂšre. Le changement de choix vers la mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale est statistiquement diffĂ©rent Ă l'entrĂ©e et Ă la sortie de la facultĂ© chez les internes finissants. Conclusion: Afin d'attirer davantage les Ă©tudiants vers la mĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale, il serait judicieux d'adopter des changements majeurs touchant l'enseignement thĂ©orique et pratique et de modifier les conditions de travail en fonction des attentes des gĂ©nĂ©rations futures.Key words: MĂ©decine gĂ©nĂ©rale, enseignement mĂ©dical, choix de spĂ©cialit
Evaluation de la tenue du partogramme dans une maternité universitaire
Introduction: La mortalitĂ© maternelle est un problĂšme majeur de santĂ© mondiale. Une grande proportion de ces dĂ©cĂšs serait Ă©vitable par des soins adĂ©quats, une aide Ă l'accouchement, la disponibilitĂ© des soins d'urgence et l'utilisation des outils d'aide Ă la dĂ©cision tels que le partogramme. L'objectif Ă©tait d'Ă©valuer l'Ă©cart entre ce qui est censĂ© ĂȘtre fait et ce qui est fait rĂ©ellement pour les diffĂ©rents paramĂštres situĂ©s dans le partogramme au sein d'une maternitĂ© de 3Ăšme niveau et Ă©laborer des recommandations pour la mise en place d'un plan d'action. MĂ©thodes: Il s'agit d'une Ă©tude descriptive rĂ©trospective par audit clinique, effectuĂ©e sur un Ă©chantillon de 400 dossiers obstĂ©tricaux des parturientes ayant accouchĂ©es dans la maternitĂ© du CHU Farhat Hached durant l'annĂ©e 2011. Le rĂ©fĂ©rentiel utilisĂ© est celui rĂ©alisĂ© par l'Agence Nationale d'AccrĂ©ditation et d'Evaluation en SantĂ© en l'an 2000, concernant la qualitĂ© de la tenue du partogramme. RĂ©sultats: La majoritĂ© des critĂšres d'Ă©valuation portant sur la prĂ©sentation du partogramme Ă©tait conforme. Deux critĂšres concernant la variĂ©tĂ© de la prĂ©sentation et le rythme cardiaque foetal Ă©taient non conformes parmi ceux portant sur la surveillance du foetus. Plusieurs critĂšres en rapport avec la surveillance de la mĂšre Ă©taient non conformes. Aucun des critĂšres portant sur les traitements administrĂ©s et les marqueurs d'Ă©vĂšnements n'est conforme. Les critĂšres portant sur la naissance et la surveillance immĂ©diate qui Ă©taient non conformes sont : le dĂ©but des efforts expulsifs, le mode d'accouchement, l'Ă©tat du pĂ©rinĂ©e, la dĂ©livrance et la rĂ©vision utĂ©rine. Conclusion: La vĂ©ritable dĂ©marche de l'audit clinique se doit d'aller au-delĂ du recueil et de l'analyse des donnĂ©es, le but final Ă©tant l'amĂ©lioration des pratiques
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